UC-NRLF 


C    2    773    357 


SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION 

UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM 

Bulletin  84 


CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  OPHIURANS 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


RENE    KCEHLER 
Professor  of  Zoology,  University  of  Lyon,  France 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1914 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM 

Bulletin  84 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  OPHIURANS 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BY 


RENE    J2CEHLER 
Professor  of  Zoology,  University  of  Lyon,  France 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1914 


3IOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 

ISSUED  APRIL  9,  1914. 

'  V  JUttA* 
a  I.*. 


ADVEETISEMENT. 

The  scientific  publications  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  consist  of 
two  series,  the  Proceedings  and  the  Bulletins. 

The  Proceedings,  the  first  volume  of  which  was  issued  in  1878,  are  intended 
primarily  as  a  medium  for  the  publication  of  original,  and  usually  brief,  papers 
based  on  the  collections  of  the  National  Museum,  presenting  newly  acquired  facts 
in  zoology,  geology,  and  anthropology,  including  descriptions  of  new  forms  of 
animals,  and  revisions  of  limited  groups.  One  or  two  volumes  are  issued  annually 
and  distributed  to  libraries  and  scientific  organizations.  A  limited  number  of 
copies  of  each  paper,  in  pamphlet  form,  is  distributed  to  specialists  and  others 
interested  in  the  different  subjects  as  soon  as  printed.  The  date  of  publication  is 
printed  on  each  paper,  and  these  dates  are  also  recorded  in  the  tables  of  contents 
of  the  volume. 

The  Bulletins,  the  first  of  which  was  issued  in  1875,  consist  of  a  series  of  sepa- 
rate publications  comprising  chiefly  monographs  of  large  zoological  groups  and  other 
general  systematic  treaties  (occasionally  in  several  volumes),  faunal  works,  reports 
of  expeditions,  and  catalogues  of  type-specimens,  special  collections,  etc.  The 
majority  of  the  volumes  are  octavos,  but  a  quarto  size  has  been  adopted  in  a  few 
instances  in  which  large  plates  were  regarded  as  indispensable. 

Since  1902  a  series  of  octavo  volumes  containing  papers  relating  to  the  botanical 
collections  of  the  Museum,  and  known  as  the  Contributions  from  the  National  Her- 
barium, has  been  published  as  bulletins. 

The  present  work  forms  No.  84  of  the  Bulletin  series. 

RICHARD  RATHBUN, 

Assistant  Secretary,  Smithsonian  Institution, 

In  charge  of  the  United  States  National  Museum. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  February  27,  1914. 

in 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introduction 

Family  Ophiodermatidse 

Ophioderma  appressa  (Say) 

brevicauda  Lutken 

brevispina  (Say) 

cinereaM  tiller  and  Troschel 

rubicunda  Lutken 

variegata  Lutken - 

clypeata,  new  species 

species 

Ophiarachnella  angulata  (Lyman) . . 

Bathypectinura  tessellata  (Lyman) 

Family  Ophiolepidae 

Ophiolepis  elegans  Lutken 

paucispina  (Say) 

Ophiozona  impressa  (Lutken) 

nivea  var.  compta  Verrill 

Ophiomastus  secundus  Lyman 

Ophioglypha  convexa  Lyman 

coronata,  new  species 

elevata  Lyman 

falcifera  Lyman 

fasciculate  Lyman 

inornate  Lyman 

irrorata  Lyman 

lepida  Lyman 

ljungmani  Lyman 21 

lymani  Ljungman 

robusta  (Ayres) 

sarsii  (Lutken) 23 

sculptilis  Lyman .' 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  Lyman 

lymani  Wyville  Thomson 26 

planum  Lyman 

rugosum,  new  species 

eculptum  Verrill 

serratum  Lyman 

testudo  Lyman 

validum  Ljungman 

armigerum  Lyman 

Ophiomisidium,  new  genus 

speciosum,  new  species 

pulchellum  (Wyville  Thomson) 

Ophiocten  hastetum  Lyman 37 

v 


VI  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Family  Amphiuridee 38 

Ophiopholis  aculeata  (Linnaeus) 38 

Ophiostigma  isacanthum  (Say) 38 

Hemipholis  elongata  (Say) 39 

Ophiactis  asperula  (Philippi) 40 

dispar  (Verrill) 40 

duplicata  (Lyman) 40 

mulleri  Lutken 41 

savignyi  (Miiller  and  Troschel) 41 

Amphilepis  norvegica  (Ljungman) 42 

Ophiophragmus  wundermani  (Lyman) 42 

Ophiocnida  filogranea  Lyman 42 

loveni  (Ljungman) 42 

scabriuscula  (Liitken) 43 

Amphilimna  olivacea  (Lyman) 43 

Ophionereis  reticulata  (Say) 44 

squamulosa,  new  name 44 

Ophiopsila  riisei  Liitken 45 

maculata  (Verrill) 45 

Amphiura  flexuosa  Ljungman 45 

latispina  Ljungman 48 

rathbuni,  new  species 50 

kinbergiensis,  new  species 52 

palmeri  Lyman 55 

fibulata,  new  species 56 

kukenthali  Kcehler 59 

complanata  Ljungman 59 

otteri  Ljungman 61 

grandisquama  Lyman 63 

stimpsoni  Lutken 64 

magellanica  Lyman C5 

diducta,  new  species 65 

Amphipholis  squamata  (Delle  Chiaje) 66 

tenuispina  Ljungman 66 

gracillima  (Stimpson) 66 

Amphiodia  erecta,  new  species 67 

lutkeni  (Ljungman) 69 

pulchella  (Lyman) 70 

Amphioplus  abdita  (Verrill) 71 

cuneata  (Lyman) 71 

Family  Ophiomycetidse 72 

Ophiomyces  mirabilis  Lyman 72 

Family  Ophiacanthidae 72 

Opbiacantha  aculeata  Verrill 74 

anomala  Sars 77 

aspera  Lyman 80 

bidentata  (Retzius) 80 

echinulata  Lyman 81 

enopla  Lyman 83 

fraterna  Verrill 83 

granulifera  Verrill 86 

lineata  Kcehler 87 

pentacrinus  Lutken 88 

meridionalis  Lyman 91 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  VII 

Family  Ophiacanthidse— Continued.  rage. 

Ophiacantha  vepratica  Ly  man 

vivipara  Ljungman 

(Ophiopristis)  permixta,  new  species 

(Ophiotreta)  affinis,  new  species 

(Ophiotreta)  sertata  (Lyman) 102 

(Ophiotreta)  valenciennesi  Lyman 

Ophiomitrella  americana,  new  species 

levis,  new  species 

Isevipellis  (Lyman) 

porrecta,  new  species 

Ophiomitra  robusta,  new  species 

valida  Lyman 

Ophiopora  bartletti  (Lyman) 

Ophiolimna  littoralis  Kcehler 

Ophioleda  minima  Koehler 

Ophiotrema  gracilis,  new  species 

Ophiocamax  austera  Verrill 

fasciculata  Lyman 

Ophiologimus  secundus,  new  species 

OphiocMton  grandis  Verrill 

Family  Ophiocomidse 

Ophiocoma  alexandri  Lyman 

echinata  (Lamarck) 

pumila  Liitken 

riisei  Liitken 

Family  Ophiothricidae 

Ophiothrix  angulata  (Say) 

lineata  Lyman 120 

cerstedit  Lutken 121 

suensonii  Lutken 

convoluta,  new  species 

Family  Ophioscolecidae 

Ophioscolex  glacialis  Muller  and  Troschel 

Ophioleptoplax  atlantica,  new  species 

Ophiobyrsella  quadrispinosa,  new  species 

Family  Ophiochondridse 127 

Ophioehondrus  granulatus,  new  species 127 

armatus  (Kcehler) - 

Family  Ophiomyxidse 

Ophiomyxa  flaccida  (Say) 

Ophiodera  stimpsonii  (Lyman) 

Family  Hemieuryalidse 

Sigsbeia  conifera,  new  species 

sexradiata,  new  species 

Family  Astrochemidse 

Astrochema  elongatum,  new  species 

Bibliographical  References 

Explanation  of  Plates 

Supplementary  list  of  West  Indian  Ophiurana 

Index 167 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  THE  OPHIURANS 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


By  RENE  KOEHLER. 

Professor  of  Zoology,  University  of  Lyon,  France. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  United  States  National  Museum  has  been  kind  enough  to  entrust  to  me  the 
study  of  a  considerable  collection  of  ophiurans  coming  chiefly  from  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  and  including  both  littoral  and  deep-sea  forms.1  This  collection  contains  a 
certain  number  of  new  species  additional  to  those  already  discovered  by  the  United 
States  Coast  Survey  steamer  Blake  in  the  same  waters.  Among  the  species  which 
are  already  known,  many  are  very  common  and  offer  no  special  interest,  but  there 
are  also  a  good  many  others  the  characters  of  which  have  not  been  indicated  by 
the  authors  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  so  that  I  have  found  it  necessary  to  study 
them  in  detail.  Among  them,  I  have  particularly  devoted  my  attention  to  the 
species  of  AmpUura  and  OpfiiacantTia,  both  genera  being  understood  in  the  widest 
sense.  It  seemed  to  me  useful  not  to  limit  my  observations  to  the  species  repre- 
sented in  the  collection  which  had  been  entrusted  to  me,  but  to  extend  them  to 
certain  neighboring  forms,  the  knowledge  of  which  was  likely  to  help  toward  an 
understanding  of  the  former.  I  will  describe  and  illustrate  these  forms  in  the 
present  paper  and  I  think  that  I  shall  not  be  reproached  with  having  made  it  too 
long  through  such  additions. 

For  such  a  comparative  study,  I  had  to  have  recourse  to  the  examination  of 
a  certain  number  of  type-specimens,  the  most  important  and  most  numerous  of 
which  had  been  described  either  by  Liitken  or  by  Ljungman.  These  types,  which 
are  kept  in  the  Stockholm  Museum  and  in  the  Copenhagen  Museum  were  most 
kindly  communicated  to  me  by  Professor  Theel  and  my  very  good  friend  Doctor 
Mortensen,  to  whom  I  beg  to  tender  my  best  thanks  for  their  kindness.  The  United 
States  National  Museum  communicated  to  me  also  a  few  of  Professor  Verrill's 
species. 

The  collection  which  has  been  handed  to  me  includes  in  all  129  species,  of  which 
24  are  new.  Here  is  a  list  of  them: 

Family  OPHIODERMATID^E. 


Ophiodmna  appressa  (Say). 
Ophioderma  bremcauda  Liitken. 
Ophioderma  brevispina  (Say). 
Ophioderma  cinerea  M  filler  and  Troschel. 
Ophioderma  rubicunda  Lutken. 


Ophioderma  variegata  Lutken. 
Ophioderma  clypeata,  new  species. 
Ophioderma,  species. 
Ophiarachnella  angulata  (Lyman). 
Bathypectinura  tessellata  (Lyman). 


i  To  complete  the  published  records  of  West  Indian  ophiurans  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  a  list  is  appended 
of  specimens  identified  by  the  Hon.  Theodore  Lyman  but  never  reported  on. 


2 


BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


Family  OPHIOLEPID.E. 


Ophiolepis  ekgans  Liitken. 
Ophiokpis  paucitpina  (Say). 
Ophiozona  impressa  (Liitken). 
Ophiozona  nivea  var.  compta  Verrill. 
Ophiomastus  secundus  Lyman. 
Ophiogtypha  convexa  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  coronata,  new  species. 
Ophioglypha  elevata  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  falcif era  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  fasciculata  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  inornata  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  irrorata  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  lepida  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  Ijungmanl  Lyman. 
Ophioglypha  lymani  Ljungman. 


Ophioglypha  robusta  (Ayres). 
Ophioglypha  sarsii  (Lutken). 
Ophioglypha  sculptilis  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  eburneum  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  lymani  Wyville  Thomson. 
Ophiomusium  planum  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  rugosum,  new  species. 
Ophiomusium  sculptum  Verrill. 
Ophiomusium  serratum  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  testudo  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  validum  Ljungman. 
Ophiomusium  armigerum  Lyman. 
Ophiomisidium  speciosum,  new  species. 
Ophiomisidium  pulchellum  (Wyville  Thomson). 
Ophiocten  hastatum  Lyman. 


Family  AMPHIURID^. 


Ophiopholis  aculeata  (Linnaeus). 
Ophiostigma  isacanthum  (Say). 
Hemipholis  elongata  (Say). 
Ophiactis  asperula  (Philippi). 
Ophiactis  dispar  (Verrill). 
Ophiactis  duplicate  (Lyman). 
Ophiactis  mulleri  Lutken. 
Ophiactis  savignyi  (M  tiller  and  Troschel). 
Amphilepis  norvegica  (Ljungman). 
Ophiophragmus  wundermani  (Lyman). 
Ophiocnida  filogranea  Lyman. 
Opiocnida  loveni  (Ljungman). 
Ophiocnida  scabriuscula  (Lutken). 
Amphilimna  olivacea  (Lyman). 
Ophionereis  reticulata  (Say). 
Ophionereis  squamulosa,  new  name. 
Ophiopsila  riisei  Lutken. 
Ophiopsila  maculata  Verrill. 
Amphiura  Jlexuosa  Ljungman. 
Amphiura  latispina  Ljungman. 


Amphiura  rathbuni,  new  species. 
Amphiura  kinbergiensis,  new  species. 
Amphiura  palmeri  Lyman. 
Amphiura  fibulata,  new  species. 
Amphiura  kukenihali  Kcehler. 
Amphiura  complanata.  Ljungman. 
Amphiura  otteri  Ljungman. 
Amphiura  grandisyuama  Lyman. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  Lutken. 
Amphiura  magellanica  Lyman. 
Amphiura  diducta,  new  species. 
Amphipholis  squamata  (Delle  Chiaje.) 
Amphipholis  tenuispina  Ljungman. 
Amphipholis  gracillima  Stimpson. 
Amphiodia  erecta,  new  species. 
Amphiodia  liltkeni  (Ljungman). 
Amphiodia  pulchella  (Lyman). 
Amphioplus  abdita  (Verrill). 
Amphioplug  cuneata  (Lyman). 


Ophiomyces  mirabilis  Lyman. 


Family  OPHIOMYCETID^E. 

I 
Family  OPHIACANTHID^E. 


Ophiacantha  aculeata  Verrill. 
Ophiacantha  anomala  Sars. 
Ophiacantha  aspera  Lyman. 
Ophiacantha  bidentota  (Retzius). 
Ophiacantha  echinulata  Lyman. 
Ophiacantha  enopla  Lyman. 
Ophiacantha  fraterna  Verrill. 
Ophiacantha  granulifera  Verrill. 
Ophiacantha  lineata  Kcehler. 
Ophiacantha  pentacrlnus  Lutken. 
Ophiacantha  meridionalis  Lyman. 
Ophiacantha  vepratica  Lyman. 


Ophiacantha  vivipara  Ljnngman. 
Ophiacantha  (Ophiopristis)  permixta,  new  species. 
Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta)  affinis,  new  species. 
Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta)  sertata  (Lyman). 
Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta)  valenciennesi  Lyman. 
Ophiomitrella  americana,  new  species. 
Ophiomitrella  levis,  new  species. 
Ophiomitrella  Ixvipellis  (Lyman). 
Ophiomitrella  porrecta,  new  species. 
Ophiomitra  robusta,  new  species. 
Ophiomitra  valida  Lyman. 
Ophiopora  bartletti  (Lyman). 


OPHIUBANS   OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  3 


OpMolimna  littoralis  Koehler. 
Ophioleda  minima  Kcehler. 
Ophiotrema  gracilis,  new  species. 


Ophiocamax fasciculate.  Lyman. 
Ophiologirmts  secundus,  new  species. 
Ophiochiton  grandis  Verrill. 


Ophiocamax  austera  Verrill. 

Family  OPHIOCOMTD^]. 


Ophiocoma  alexandri  Lyman. 


Ophiocoma  pumila  Lutken. 


Ophiocoma  echinata  (Lamarck).  Ophiocoma  riisd  Lutken. 

Family  OPHIOTHRICID^E. 


Ophiothrix  angv.la.ta  (Say). 
Ophiothrix  lineata  Lyman. 


Ophiothrix  suensonii  Lutken. 
Ophiothrix  convoluta,  new  species. 


Ophiothrix  (erstedii  Lutken. 

Family  OPHIOSCOLECID^E. 

Ophioscolex  glacialis  Muller  and  Troachel.  I  Ophiobyrsella  quadrispinosa,  new  species. 

Ophioleptoplax  atlantica,  new  species. 

Family  OPHIOCHONDRIDJE. 

Ophiochondrus  granulatus,  new  species.  |  Ophfochondrus  armatus  (Koehler). 

Family  OPHIOMYXID^E. 

Ophiomyxa  flaccida  (Say).  |  Ophiodera  stimpsonii  (Lyman). 

Family  HEMTEURYALID^E. 
Sigsbeia  conifera,  new  species.  |  Sigsbeia  sexradiata,  new  species. 

Family  ASTKOCHEMID^E. 
Astrochema  elongatum,  new  species.  | 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES. 
Family  OPHIODERMATID^E. 

OPHIODERMA  APPRESSA  (Say). 

(=0phioderma  virescens  Lutken..) 
See  for  bibliography: 

Lyman  (82),'  p.  9. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  6. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  242. 
H.  L.  Clark  (Ola),  p.  340. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  326. 
Koehler  (07),  p.  280. 
Kcehler  (13),  p.  353. 

Albatross  station  2323.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  51"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  03" 
W.;  163  fathoms;  wh.  br.  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2337.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21" 
W.;  199  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7182.  Nov.  28,  1901.  Lat.  29°;  long.  83°  18'  45"  W.; 
5f  fathoms;  rocky  coral;  temp.  15.3°  C.  Three  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7215.  Jan.  15,  ,  1902.  Lat.  28°  26'  N.;  long.  83°  02'  30" 
W.;  1\  fathoms;  rocky  coral;  temp.  13°  C.  One  specimen. 

i  The  figures  in  parentheses,  printed  in  boldface  type,  refer  to  the  bibliographic  index  at  the  end  of  the  paper. 


4  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Fish  Hawk1  station  7253.  Jan.  28,  1902.  Highland.  Lat.  27°  55'  30"  N.; 
long.  83°  11'  30"  W.;  13  fathoms;  c.  r.2;  temp.  15.2°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7281.  Jan.  23,  1902.  Anclote.  Lat.  28°  03'  30"  N.; 
long.  83°  10'  W.;  10  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  52°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Sand  Key  Keef,  Florida.     Four  specimens. 

Garden  Key,  Florida.     One  dry  specimen. 

Tortugas  Reef,  Florida.     One  dry  specimen. 

Florida.     One  dry  specimen. 

Abaco,  Bahamas.     Eleven  specimens. 

Hungry  Bay,  Bermudas.     Three  specimens. 

Key  West.     Three  specimens. 

Swan  Islands.     Three  specimens. 

Ascension  Island.     One  specimen. 

OPH1ODERMA  BREVICATJDA  Liitken. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Latken  (59),  p.  94,  pi.  1,  fig.  3. 
Lyman  (65),  p.  16. 
Lyman  (82),  p.  9. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  5. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  281. 
Koehler  (13),  p.  354. 

Albatross  station  2604.  Oct.  18,  1885.  Lat.  34°  37'  30"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  45" 
W.;  34  fathoms;  yl.  s.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2608.  Oct.  19,  1885.  Lat.  34°  32'  00"  N.;  long.  76°  12'  00" 
W.;  22  fathoms;  crs.  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  Two  specimens. 

FisTi  Hawk  station  7164.  Nov.  21,  1901.  Pepperfish  Key.  Lat.  83°  37'  20" 
N.;  long.  29°  10'  45"  W.;  8f  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  18°  C.  One  specimen. 

Abaco,  Bahamas.     Some  specimens. 

Key  West.     One  specimen. 

Ascension  Island.     One  specimen. 

The  specimens  from  Abaco  are  rather  large,  but  they  have  almost  completely 
lost  their  color,  as  have  those  from  stations  2604  and  7164  and  that  from  Ascension. 
The  two  smaller  specimens  from  station  2608  have  partly  preserved  their  greenish 
tint. 

OPHIODERMA  BREVISPINA  (Say). 
(=0phiura  olivaceum  Ayres  and  0.  serpeng  Ltitken.) 
See  for  bibliography : 

Lyman  (82),  p.  9. 
.  Verrill  (99),  p.  4. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  241. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  281. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  326. 
Koehler  (13),  p.  354. 

i  The  steamers  Fish  Hawk,  A  Ibalross,  and  Speedwell  and  the  schooner  Grampus  are  vessels  of  the  United  States  Fish  Com- 
mission now  known  as  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries. 

«  The  abbreviations  for  bottom  materials  are  those  used  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  in  its  published  records  of  dredging  and 
other  stations. 


OPHIUHANS  OF   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  5 

Albatross  station  2467.  July  3,  1885.  Lat.  45°  23'  N.;  long.  55°  41'  W.;  38 
fathoms;  fne.  wh.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  35.8°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7181.  Nov.  28,  1901.  Lat.  29°  2'  30"  N.;  long.  83°  14' 
W.;  4J  fathoms;  sdy.;  temp.  14.8°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  HawTc  station  7221.  Jan.  15, 1902.  Lat.  28°  34'  45"  N. ;  long.  83°  08'  W.; 
5f  fathoms;  c.  r.  grs.;  temp.  12.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7223.  Jan.  17,  1902.  Lat.  28°  36'  N.;  long.  82°  57'  W.; 
3  fathoms;  sdy.  grsy.;  temp.  11.6°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  HawTc  station  7225.  Jan.  17,  1902.  Lat.  28°  42'  30"  N. ;  long.  83°  09'  45" 
W.;  7  fathoms;  s.  brk.  sh.  grs.;  temp.  12.2°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7277.  Feb.  13,  1902.  Key  West.  5J  fathoms;  co.  s. 
grs.;  temp.  20°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7354.  Dec.  17,  1902.  Florida  Bay.  Lat.  25°  10'  10"  N.; 
long.  81°  28'  30"  W.;  4|  fathoms;  h.  gy.  s.;  temp.  23.5°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7373.  Dec.  19,  1902.  Florida  Bay.  Lat.  25°  01 '  N. ;  long. 
81°  25'  30"  W.;  4J  fathoms;  sp.  s.  sh.;  temp.  23°  C.  Three  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7426.  Jan.  27,  1903.  Hawk  Channel;  18  feet;  s.  and 
grs.;  temp.  23.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  HawTc  station  7429.  Jan.  27,  1903.  Hawk  Channel;  14  feet;  rky.  Four 
specimens. 

Fish  HawTc  station  7466.     Feb.  19,  1903.     Hawk  Channel;  2J  fathoms,     barry. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7467.     Feb.  19,  1903.     Hawk  Channel;  2J  fathoms.     Two 

specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7484.  Mar.  7,  1903.  Biscayne  Bay  Key,  Florida;  If 
fathoms;  s.  grs.  Two  specimens. 

Grampus  station  5108.     Mar.  21,  1889.     Lat.  26°  19'  N.;  long.  83°  11'  W.;  27 
fathoms;  m.     Three  specimens. 
Florida: 

Key  West.     Forty-eight  specimens. 
Key  Largo.     Forty-eight  specimens. 
Indian  Key.     Seven  specimens. 

Lower  Matacumba.    Two  hundred  and  twelve  specimens. 
Cape  Komano.     One  specimen. 
Cedar  Keys.     Sixty-nine  specimens. 
Boca  Ceiga  Bay.    Three  specimens. 
Sarasota  Bay.     Four  specimens. 
Puntarasa.     A  few  specimens. 
St.  Augustine.     One  dry  specimen. 
Dry  Tortugas.     Three  specimens. 
NW.  end  St.  Martin's  reef.     One  specimen. 
No  label.    Three  specimens. 

0.  Irevispina  offers  a  wide  geographical  range,  and  the  synonymy  with 
0.  olivacea  being  admitted,  the  species  would  extend  from  Cape  Cod  and  Vineyard 
Sound  to  the  Brazilian  coasts,  where  it  has  been  reported  by  Ludwig.  Verrill 
is  rather  inclined  to  see  in  the  form  olivacea,  which  had  formerly  been  described  as 
a  distinct  species,  a  northern  variety  living  between  Cape  Cod  and  Charleston. 


6  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

I  do  not  think  that  this  species  can  be  united  with  0.  januarii  Liitken.  I 
have  been  able  to  compare  with  the  numerous  specimens  of  0.  brevispina  which  I 
have  been  studying  of  late  years,  one  of  Liitken's  two  types  which  are  preserved  in 
the  Copenhagen  Museum  and  which  were  most  kindly  lent  to  me  by  Doctor  Mortensen. 
It  is  undoubtedly  quite  a  distinct  form;  besides  the  fact  that  0.  januarii,  always 
reaches  a  very  large  size  (the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  18  mm,  in  Ltitken's  types 
and  17  mm.  in  Lyman's  example),  I  notice  that  the  characters  indicated  by  Liitken 
are  very  obvious,  and  the  notches  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  at  the  beginning 
of  the  arms  are  even  still  deeper  than  indicated  on  Liitken's  drawing;  the  spines, 
which  are  cylindrical,  are  almost  as  long  as  the  article.  To  sum  up,  the  differences 
are  important  enough  to  justify  the  separation  of  the  two  species,  between  which 
I  have  never  observed  any  intermediate  form. 

OPHIODERMA  CINEREA  Milller  and  Troschel. 

(=0phioderma  antillarum  Liitken.) 
See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (99),  p.  6. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  242. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  325. 
Koehler  (07),  p.  281. 
Koehler  (13),  p.  354. 

Albatross  station  2160.  Apr.  30, 1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  31"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  37" 
W.;  167  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2166.  May  1,  1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30" 
W.;  196  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  71.9°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2326.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  54" 
W.;  194  fathoms;  br.  co.;  temp.  62°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2330.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  15" 
W.;  121  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  co.  Four  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2333.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  12" 
W. ;  169  fathoms;  fne.  wh.  co.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2334.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  42"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  24" 
W.;  67  fathoms;  wh.  co.  Four  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2336.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  48"  N. ;  long.  82°  18'  52" 
W.;  157  fathoms;  co.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2341.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  11'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  06" 
W.;  143  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2384.  Mar.  3,  1885.  Lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  88°  15'  30" 
W. ;  940  fathoms;  br.  gy.  m.;  temp.  39.6°  F.  Eight  specimens. 

FisTi  Hawk  station  7231.  Jan.  23,  1902.  Anclote.  Lat.  28°  03'  30"  N.; 
long.  83°  10'  W.;  10  fathoms;  rky.  c.;  temp.  13.5°  C.  Three  specimens. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Three  specimens. 

New  Providence,  Bahamas.     Three  specimens. 

Port  Castries,  St.  Lucia.     One  specimen. 

Abrolhos  Islands,  Brazil.  Albatross,  Dec.  27,  1887.  Nine  dry  specimens,  very 
large  and  fine.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  20  and  26  mm. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  7 

OPHIODERMA  RUBICUNDA  Ltitken. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (96),  p.  6. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  242. 
Koehler  (07),  p.  282. 
Koehler  (13),  p.  354. 

Nassau.     One  specimen  (No.  14646). 

OPHIODERMA  VARIEGATA  Ltltken. 

Ophioderma  variegata  LUTKEN  (59),  p.  97. 

Ophioderma  variegata  LJUNOMAN  (66),  p.  304. 

OpMura  variegata  VEERILL  (67),  p.  254. 

Ophiura  variegata  LYMAN  (75),  p.  3. 

Ophiura  variegata  LYMAN  (82),  p.  10. 

Ophioderma  variegata  LUTKEN  and  MORTENSEN  (99),  p.  100. 

Ophioderma  variegata  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  282. 

Albatross  station  2824.  Apr.  30,  1888.  Gulf  of  California.  Lat.  24°  22' 
30"  N.;long.  110°  19'  30"  W.;8  fathoms ;  brk.  sh.  Ten  specimens.  . 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  5  and  8  mm. ;  the  length  of  the  arms 
reaches  25  mm. 

Most  of  the  specimens  have  preserved  bright  colors.  The  upper  face  of  the 
disk  is  pink  or  even  red,  washed  with  green  in  the  interradial  spaces  near  the  margin 
of  the  disk;  the  under  face  is  greenish.  The  arms  are  annulated  with  green  and 
red.  These  colors  are  even  brighter  than  is  generally  indicated. 

By  their  general  structure,  these  specimens  are  most  closely  allied  with 
0.  brevispina  from  the  Atlantic,  from  which  they  differ  above  all  by  their  colora- 
tion. The  brachial  spines,  generally  amounting  to  seven,  are  short.  0.  variegata 
is  likely  to  be  one  day  definitely  classified  with  0.  brevispina,  as  some  writers  have 
already  suggested. 

OPHIODERMA  CLYPEATA,  new  species. 
Plate  18,  figa.  2  and  6. 

BlaTce  station  241.  Feb.  24,  1879.  Off  Grenadines;  163  fathoms;  s.,  co.; 
temp.  53°  F.  One  specimen. 

Type.— Cat.  No.  6514,  U.S.N.M. 

This  Ophiura  was  labeled  Ophioderma  elapsl  It  was  mentioned  under  the 
same  name,  followed  as  well  by  a  note  of  interrogation,  by  Lyman  in  1883  (83, 
p.  230),  with  other  individuals  coming  from  two  other  stations  (depths  300  and  120 
fathoms),  and  which  I  have  not  seen. 

Lyman  says  only  that  these  specimens  differ  from  Liitken's  type  in  having 
from  six  to  seven  brachial  spines  instead  of  from  seven  to  eight.  In  fact,  the  differ- 
ences are  actually  more  important,  and  I  have  been  able  to  appreciate  them  by 
comparing  the  specimen  which  belongs  to  the  United  States  National  Museum  with 
one  of  Liitken's  types,  which  my  friend  Doctor  Mortensen  has  kindly  lent  me 
It  seems  to  me  impossible  that  this  specimen  should  be  united  with  O.  elaps,  and, 
in  my  opinion,  it  ought  to  constitute  a  new  species  for  which  I  propose  the  name 
of  Ophioderma  dypeata. 

6061°— Bull.  84—14 2 


8  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

I  give  here  (pi.  18,  figs.  2  and  6)  two  photographs  representing  the  upper  and 
under  faces  of  the  new  species,  and,  for  comparison,  a  photograph  of  the  under  face 
of  0.  claps  (fig.  4) ;  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  and  a  side  view  of  the  arms  of  the  latter 
species  are  represented  on  plate  1,  figs.  1  and  2. 

The  new  species  being  fairly  near  to  0.  elaps,  it  will  be  sufficient  to  indicate 
here  the  differences  which  separate  them. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  29  mm.  and  the  largest  arm  is  142  mm.  long. 

The  notches  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  of  0.  dypeala,  at  the  beginning  of  the 
arms,  are  less  strongly  marked  than  in  0.  elaps;  they  do  not  reach  beyond  the  second 
upper  brachial  plate,  and,  moreover,  the  first  of  these  two  plates  is  extremely  short 
and  rudimental;  it  may  even  be  completely  lacking;  while  in  0.  elaps,  the  notch 
extends  at  least  as  far  as  the  middle  of  the  third  upper  brachial  plate.  The  shape 
of  the  upper  brachial  plates  is  the  same  in  both  species,  but  the  under  plates  of 
0.  clypeata  are  very  much  widened,  and  they  are  much  wider  than  long,  with  a 
convex  distal  edge  and  rounded  sides,  while  in  0.  elaps,  these  plates  are  almost 
square,  nearly  as  wide  as  long,  and  the  lateral  edges  remain  straight;  they  join  the 
distal  side  by  a  rounded  angle  only. 

The  number  of  the  brachial  spines  is  always  inferior  by  one  unit  to  that  observed 
in  0.  elaps  as  it  has  been  indicated  by  Lyman.  This  number,  which  is  seven  at  the 
base  of  the  arms,  afterwards  decreases  to  six.  Excepting  the  first  ventral  spine, 
which  is  more  developed,  all  these  spines  are  almost  as  long  as  the  article  and  they 
are  clearly  more  elongated  than  in  0.  elaps;  consequently,  the  difference  between 
the  length  of  the  first  ventral  spine  and  that  of  the  following  spines  is  not  so  strongly 
marked  as  in  the  latter  species;  in  return,  this  first  ventral  spine  is  a  little  more 
widened  here. 

Lastly,  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields  is  altogether  different  in  the  two  species. 
Instead  of  being  triangular,  as  long  as  wide,  with  a  rounded  apex,  a  convex  distal 
edge  and  very  widely  rounded  lateral  angles,  these  shields  are  rather  quadrangular: 
they  are  somewhat  longer  than  wide  and  their  distal  side,  which  is  very  clearly 
excavated,  joins  the  lateral  edges  in  angles  which  are  more  open  and  much  more 
broadly  rounded  than  in  0.  elaps.  These  lateral  edges  are  hardly  convergent  and 
they  are  united  by  a  very  convex  proximal  edge,  but  they  do  not  join  in  an  angle, 
as  is  the  case  for  this  latter  species.  The  shield  which  carries  the  madreporic  pore 
is  more  particularly  elongated  and  it  is  one-and-a-half  times  longer  than  wide. 

The  sum  of  these  characters  seems  important  enough  to  account  for  a  specific 
separation  for  this  Ophioderma,  which  perhaps  does  not  abandon  a  certain  depth. 

OPHIODERMA,  species  ?,  young. 

Plate  2,  figs.  1-2. 

Green  Cay,  Bahamas.     One  specimen  (Ace.  No.  41471). 

I  can  not  specifically  determine  a  very  young  specimen  which  evidently  belongs 
to  the  genus  Ophioderma,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  does  not  exceed  4.5  mm., 
while  its  arms  reach  only  10  mm.  This  example  is  remarkable,  owing  to  the  fact 
that  the  various  parts  of  the  body  are  almost  entirely  covered  with  very  numerous 
granules  which  appear  on  certain  plates  or  plate-parts  which  ought  to  be  bare  in 


OPHIUBANS   OF    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  9 

the  adult.  Thus  the  central  part  of  the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates  alone  is 
visible,  and  the  bare  parts  of  these  plates  remain  separated  from  one  another  by 
several  rows  of  granules.  These  completely  cover  the  lateral  plates  and  the  mouth 
pieces,  which  in  consequence  entirely  disappear.  On  the  upper  face  of  the  disk, 
however,  the  radial  shields  are  distinct  and  completely  bare.  The  brachial  spines 
amount  to  six  only:  They  are  short,  small,  conical,  pointed,  rather  loosely  set 
together,  and  the  first  ventral  one  is  a  little  larger  than  the  others.  The  two  suc- 
cessive genital  slits,  which  normally  exist  in  the  genus  Ophioderma  on  each  side  of 
the  interradial  spaces  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  are  already  well  shaped  and  well 
separated. 

This  specimen  must  be  a  young  one  of  a  rather  large-sized  species,  perhaps 
of  0.  cinerea.  Owing  to  its  peculiar  characters,  I  beg  to  present  here  two  illus- 
trations which  represent  respectively  its  upper  and  its  under  face  (pi.  2,  figs.  1,  2). 

OPniARACIINELLA  (-PECTINUKA)  ANGULATA  (Lyman). 

Pectinura  angulata  LYMAN  (83),  p.  232,  pi.  3,  figs.  7-9. 
Pcctinura  angulata  VEKRILL  (99),  p.  8. 
Ophiarachnella  angulata  H.  L.  CLARK  (09),  p.  124. 

Albatross  station  2350.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  80°  20'  21" 
W.;  213  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

The  example  is  in  good  state,  although  one  of  the  arms  has  been  broken  from 
its  base;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  25  mm.,  and  the  length  of  the  arms  exceeds 
120  mm.  It  is  altogether  in  conformity  with  Lyman's  description:  There  are  three 
pairs  of  pores  at  the  beginning  of  the  arms  and  the  tentacular  scales  are  really  two. 
It  was  owing  to  a  misprint,  which  H.  L.  Clark  pointed  out  with  reason,  that  I 
indicated  a  single  tentacular  scale  when  comparing  this  species  with  Pectinura 
Jionorata  (04,  p.  8). 

The  Blake  dredged  0.  angulata  between  88  and  248  fathoms,  and  the  Bahama 
expedition  found  it  again  on  the  Bahama  Bank. 

BATHYPECTINTJRA  TESSELLATA  (Lyman). 

See  for  bibliography: 
H.  L.  Clark  (09),  p.  130. 

Albatross  station  2384.  Mar.  3,  1885.  Lat.  28°  45'  N.;  long.  88°  15'  30"  W.; 
940  fathoms;  br.  gy.  m.;  temp.  39.6°  F.  One  specimen. 

Family  OPHIOLEPID^]. 

OPHIOLEPIS  ELEGANS  Liitken. 

OpJiwhpis  elegans  LUTKEN  (59),  p.  105. 
Ophialepis  elegans  LYMAN  (65),  p.  58,  pi.  2,  fig.  5. 
Ophiolepis  elegans  LYMAN  (82),  p.  20. 
Ophiolepis  elegans  IVES  (89),  p.  175. 
Ophiolepis  elegans  II.  L.  CLARK  (01),  p.  242. 

Albatross  station  2605.  Oct.  18,  1885.  Lat.  34°  35'  30"  N.;  long.  75°  45'  30" 
W.;  32  fathoms;  wh.  s.  bk.  sp.  One  specimen. 


10  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  2608.  Oct.  19,  1885.  Lat.  34°  32'  N.;  long.  76°  12'  W.; 
22  fathoms;  crs.  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  Three  specimens. 

Grampus  station  5076.  Mar.  1,  1889.  Lat.  25°  24'  N.;  long.  83°  28'  W.; 
39  fathoms;  gr.  co.  fne.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Grampus  station  5088.  Mar.  11,  1889.  Lat.  25°  44'  32"  N.;  long.  83°  24' 
15"  W.;  34  fathoms;  fne.  s.  Two  specimens. 

Grampus  station  5100.  Mar.  18,  1889.  Lat.  26°  04'  N.;  long.  83°  00'  W.; 
26  fathoms;  hrd.  blk.  gr.  One  specimen. 

Grampus  station  5102.  Mar.  18,  1889.  Lat.  26°  08'  N.;  long.  83°  22'  W.; 
33  fathoms;  s.  blk.  sp.  One  specimen. 

Grampus  station  5109.  Mar.  21,  1889.  Lat.  26°  17'  30"  N.;  long.  83°  00'  W.; 
24  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.  blk.  sp.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7108.  Mar.  28,  1901.  N.  Channel  into  Tampa  Bay;  12} 
fathoms;  br.  sh.  and  s.;  temp.  19.1°  C.  Ten  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7180.  Nov.  27,  1901.  North  Key;  3J  fathoms;  sdy.  rky.; 
temp.  14.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

FishHawk station 7210.  Dec.  9,  1901.  Lat.  28°  50' 30"  N.;  long.  83°  11' 45" 
W.;  6  fathoms;  sdy.  stcky.;  temp.  16.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7261.  Jan.  29,  1902.  Highland.  Lat.  27°  42'  30"  N.; 
long.  82°  46'  50"  W.;  3J  fathoms;  hrd.  brk.  sh.;  temp.  15.5°  C.  Four  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7290.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Lat.  24°  46'  12"  N.;  long.  81°  53' 
30"  W.;  10£  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  19°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7291.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Lat.  24°  42'  30"  N.;  long.  81°  55' 
52"  W.;  1\  fathoms;  hd.  smooth;  temp.  19.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7349.  Dec.  17,  1902.  Florida  Bay;  11£  feet;  s.  sh. 
Twenty-six  specimens. 

Fish,  Hawk  station  7516.  Mar.  30,  1903.  Gulf  Stream  off  Cape  Florida; 
fn.  gy.  s.  co.;  temp.  69°  F.  One  specimen. 

Fish  HawTc  station  7517.  Mar.  30,  1903.  Gulf  Stream  off  Cape  Florida. 
Thirty-six  fathoms;  fn.  gy.  s.  brk.  sh.;  temp.  74°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Nassau.     Albatross.     One  specimen. 

Sarasota  Bay,  Florida.     Eleven  specimens. 

Puntarasa,  Florida.     Many  specimens. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  Florida.     Three  specimens. 

N.  W.  end  of  St.  Martin's  Reef,  Florida.     Four  specimens. 

Tampa  Bay,  Florida.     Several  specimens. 

Marco,  Florida.     Many  specimens. 

Cape  Romano,  Florida.     Thirteen  specimens. 

South  of  Key  West,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Florida.     Five  specimens. 

Charleston  Harbor,  South  Carolina.     One  specimen. 

0.  elegans  has  been  found  previously  in  South  Carolina  and  various  localities 
of  the  West  Indies.  Greeff  met  with  it  on  the  western  coast  of  Africa. 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  11 

OPHIOLEPIS  PATJCISPINA  (Say). 

See  for  bibliography : 

Lutken  (59),  p.  102,  pi.  2,  fig.  2. 

Lyman  (65),  p.  55. 

Lyman  (82),  p.  19. 

Greeff  (82),  p.  157. 

Kcehler  (07),  p.  287. 

Verrill  (07),  p.  325. 

Koehler  (13),  p.  355. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Four  specimens. 
Without  indication.    One  specimen. 

This  species,  known  in  several  parts  of  the  West  Indies,  has  been  found  by 
Greeff  at  San  Thome'  (Guinea),  at  a  depth  of  15-20  fathoms. 

OPHIOZONA  1MPRESSA  (LUtken). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (99),  p.  8. 

H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  243. 

Koehler  (13),  p.  355. 

Dry  Tortugas,  Florida.     One  specimen. 
Key  West,  Florida.     Forty  specimens. 

OPHIOZONA  NIVEA  var.  COMPTA  Verrill. 
Ophiozona  nivea  var.  compta  VERRILL  (99a),  p.  303. 

Off  Havana,  1886.     One  specimen. 

Diameter  of  disk  9.5  mm.;  one  arm  only  is  entire,  its  length  being  about  30  mm. 
The  radial  shields  are  separated  on  their  whole  length. 

This  specimen  can  be  referred  to  the  variety  distinguished  by  Verrill,  but  if 
we  consider  how  easily  this  species  varies,  a  fact  owned  by  Verrill  himself,  one  may 
be  in  doubt  as  to  the  usefulness  of  introducing  a  new  variety  based  on  the  radial 
shields  being  more  or  less  spread,  while  there  are  other  plates,  such  as  the  mouth 
shields  for  instance,  which  are  likely  to  vary  quite  notably  in  shape  and  in  their 
relations  with  one  another. 

0.  nivea  var.  compta  has  been  met  with  off  Havana,  between  110  and  263 
fathoms.  The  typical  species  has  been  taken  in  various  localities  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea  by  the  Hassler  and  the  Blake,  between  56  and  424  fathoms. 

OPHIOMASTTJS  SECTJNDUS  Lyman. 

Ophiomastus  secundus  LYMAN  (78a),  p.  218,  pi.  2,  figs.  16-18. 
Ophiomastus  secundus  LYMAN  (82),  p.  101,  pi.  39,  fig.  14. 
Ophiomastus  secundus  LYMAN  (83),  p.  248. 

Albatross  station  2645.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  46'  30"  N.;  long.  80°  02'  W.; 
157  fathoms;  gn.  s.;  temp.  43.4°  F.  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2646.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  47'  N.;  long.  80°  05'  W.; 
85  fathoms;  gy.  s.  for.  Three  specimens. 


12  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N. ;  long.  79°  49'  W. ; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7295.  Feb.  26,  1902.  Lat.  24°  21'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  47' 
45"  W.;  122  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  19.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

0.  secundus  has  been  found  by  the  Blake  at  Santa  Cruz  and  various  other 
places  in  the  West  Indies,  between  60-150  and  1,131  fathoms. 

OPH10GLYPHA  CONVEXA  Lyman. 

Plate  2,  figs.  5-6. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Koetler  (09),  p.  149. 

Albatross  station  2097.  Oct.  1,  1883.  Lat.  37°  56'  20"  N.;  long.  70°  57' 
30  "W.;  1,917  fathoms;  glob.  oz.  Six  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2098.  Oct.  1,  1883.  Lat.  37°  40'  30"  N.;  long.  70°  37' 
30"  W. ;  2,221  fathoms;  glob.  oz.  Seventeen  specimens. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  10  and  15  mm. 

I  have  already  referred  *  to  the  variations  which  this  species  may  offer  and  which 
I  myself  have  ascertained  after  Lyman.  When  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  become 
more  numerous,  the  specimens  may  display  some  characters  which  recall  those  of  0. 
SwZZato  Wyville  Thomson  and,  in  this  connection,  I  must  particularly  refer  to  two  speci- 
mens from  station  2098.  In  one  of  them,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  reaches 
only  12  mm.,  the  upper  plates  are  not  so  numerous  as  usual,  but  the  six  primary 
plates  are  separated  from  one  another  in  each  interradial  space  by  two  successive 
little  plates,  an  arrangement  which  has  not  yet  been  reported  in  0.  convexa;  the 
two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  also  isolated  from  each  other  by  a  row  of  small 
plates.  In  the  other  specimen,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  is  15  mm.,  the 
radial  shields  are  also  separated  on  their  whole  length  and  the  upper  plates  of  the 
disk  are  fairly  numerous.  This  arrangement,  in  such  specimens  as  undoubtedly 
belong  to  0.  convexa,  makes  a  transition  to  0.  bullata  to  which,  in  other  respects, 
0.  convexa  is  closely  allied. 

But  whatever  may  be  the  variations  in  the  arrangement  of  the  upper  plates 
of  the  disk,  the  radial  comb  always  consists  of  low,  short,  and  rectangular  papillae, 
as  I  have  indicated  in  my  paper  on  the  Echinoderms  of  the  Princesse-Alice  (09,  pi.  25, 
figs.  1  and  2).  Besides,  I  shall  refer  again  to  the  characters  of  0.  convexa  when 
studying  the  following  species,  which  is  very  closely  allied  to  it. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  CORONATA,  new  species. 

Plate  2,  figs.  3-4-. 
?  Ophioglypha  convexa  LYMAN  (83),  p.  247. 

Albatross  station  2750.  Nov.  27,  1887.  Lat.  13°  30'  N.;  long.  63°  31'  W.; 
496  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  36.8°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32290,  U.S.N.M. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  respectively  10.5,  and  12  mm.;  one  of  the  arms, 
apparently  entire,  of  the  larger  specimen,  measures  25  mm. 

'  fechinodermes  provenant  des  campagncs  du  yacht  Princess  Alice,  1909,  p.  150. 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  13 

There  is  no  doubt  that  this  species,  which  I  must  consider  as  a  new  one,  is 
identical  with  the  OpTiioglypha  indicated  by  Lyman  *  in  1883,  who  referred  it, 
together  with  other  specimens,  to  0.  convexa,  and  which  came  from  the  dredgings 
of  the  Blake  in  the  West  Indies.  Here  is  what  Lyman  wrote  about  these  specimens: 

The  six  primary  plates  extremely  swollen,  form  an  elevated  rosette,  overhanging  very  small  radial 
shields,  not  so  large  as  the  head  of  the  genital  scale.  The  mouth  shield,  too,  occupies  the  whole  of  the 
lower  interbrachial  space.  But  specimens  from  station  148  were  intermediate,  or  rather  differed  from 
the  typical  form  only  in  finer  arm  comb  papillae  and  more  interbrachial  scales  on  the  disk  margin.  It 
will  be  necessary  to  await  further  dredgings  before  deciding  the  specific  limits.  It  is  to  be  noted  as  an 
important  difference,  that,  while  the  typical  0.  convexa  is  found  in  2,350  fathoms,  this  species  doea 
not  go  below  240  fathoms. 

I  find  again,  in  the  collection  of  the  Ophiurans  of  the  Albatross,  two  specimens 
which  offer  precisely  the  same  peculiarities  as  Lyman  indicated  in  1883;  it  seems 
to  me  obvious  that  these  two  examples  can  not  be  referred  to  0.  convexa,  but  that 
they  must  constitute  a  different  species  the  characters  of  which  it  is  necessary  to 
describe.  The  disk  is  pentagonal  and  even  slightly  excavated  in  the  interradial 
spaces;  it  is  thick,  but  the  upper  face  is  little  convex;  the  under  face  is  plane. 
The  arms,  rather  short,  grow  rapidly  thinner  from  the  base  which,  besides,  is  not 
very  wide. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  mostly  occupied  by  six  large  polygonal  plates, 
contiguous  and  subequal,  arranged  as  in  0.  convexa,  but  the  part  of  the  disk  covered 
by  them  is  still  larger  than  in  the  latter  species.  Out  of  this  primary  rosette 
there  is  to  be  seen,  in  each  interradial  space,  but  one  single  large  plate,  pentagonal, 
somewhat  longer  than  wide,  with  a  proximal  angle  widely  opened  and  a  distal 
side  lying  very  close  to  the  outline  of  the  disk;  in  fact,  out  of  that  plate  is  seen 
only  one  other  plate  which  is  extremely  short  and  transversally  widened.  On  each 
side  of  the  large  interradial  plate,  and  in  its  distal  region,  there  are  two  or  three 
extremely  small  plates  continued  on  the  sides  of  the  marginal  plate  which 
succeeds  the  above-mentioned  interradial  plate.  The  radial  spaces  are  entirely 
occupied  by  the  two  radial  shields  which  are  in  contact  with  the  corresponding 
primary  radial  plate,  but  are  much  smaller  than  the  latter. 

These  shields  are  a  little  wider  than  long;  the  two  in  each  pair  are  con- 
tiguous on  their  whole  length  and  they  form  distally  an  extremely  obtuse  angle 
into  which  is  inserted  the  corresponding  angle  of  the  first  upper  brachial  plate. 
All  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  covered  with  pretty  fine,  rounded 
granules,  which  shoot  from  the  angles  of  a  polygonal  netting  which  covers  the 
plates  and  separates  small  rounded  facets.  The  radial  papillae,  visible  on  the 
upper  face,  are  extremely  elongated  and  closely  disposed,  numerous,  fine,  and 
sharp;  they  become  rapidly  shorter  on  the  under  face,  and  do  not  extend  beyond 
the  level  of  the  distal  third  of  the  mouth  shield. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk,  in  the  interradial  spaces,  is  not  very  wide  owing 
to  the  widening  of  the  arms  at  their  bases;  it  is  not  completely  covered  by  the 
mouth  shields,  out  of  which  is  left  a  small  space  covered  by  a  few  polygonal  and 
unequal  plates,  among  which  one  may  be  seen  occupying  a  more  or  less  exactly 
median  place,  which  is  a  little  larger  than  the  others.  The  genital  plates  are  fairly 

iflull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  10,  p.  243. 


14  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

wide,  but  they  do  not  extend  much  beyond  the  distal  margin  of  the  mouth  shields. 
The  genital  slits  are  narrow,  but  quite  distinct,  and  they  are  continued  nearly 
up  to  the  end  of  the  mouth  shields,  on  the  same  level  as  the  middle  of  the  first 
lateral  brachial  plate. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  elongated,  but  their  width  is  not  very  important ; 
they  are  almost  pyriform  and  much  more  widened  distally  than  proximally;  they 
are  almost  twice  longer  than  wide.  They  offer  a  very  obtuse  and  short  proximal 
angle,  and  then,  a  little  further  back,  they  are  somewhat  notched  by  the  extremity 
of  the  genital  slit ;  beyond  that,  they  first  grow  rapidly  wider,  and  then  more  slowly 
so,  up  to  their  distal  part  which  is  limited  by  a  strongly  rounded  border.  The 
adoral  plates  are  fairly  wide  with  their  two  margins  almost  parallel,  but  narrower 
without  than  within;  they  are  one  and  a  hah"  longer  than  wide.  The  oral  plates 
are  pretty  high.  The  oral  papillae  amount  to  six  at  least  on  each  side,  but  the  four 
or  five  external  papillae,  very  low  and  rectangular,  are  more  or  less  jointed  and  their 
outlines  are  hardly  apparent;  the  innermost  papilla  is  conical  and  pointed,  and  it  is 
smaller  than  the  odd  terminal  papilla,  which  is  also  conical  and  pointed.  All  these 
mouth  plates,  as  well  as  those  of  the  under  face  of  the  disk,  are  covered  with  fine 
rounded  granulations. 

The  arms,  fairly  broad  at  their  bases,  grow  rapidly  thinner;  they  are  hardly 
carinated  and  their  upper  face  is  convex.  Only  the  first  upper  brachial  plate 
is  large,  triangular,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  very  convex  distal 
margin.  The  second  one,  of  hexagonal  shape,  is  extremely  wide  and  at  least  twice 
wider  than  long,  with  a  concave  proximal  margin,  and  a  very  convex  distal  margin, 
while  the  lateral  margins  are  each  resolved  into  two  little  sides  meeting  in  an  obtuse 
angle.  The  third  and  fourth  plates  are  still  hexagonal,  but  their  width  rapidly 
decreases  at  the  same  time  as  the  proximal  side  becomes  narrower,  so  that  they 
assume  a  triangular  shape,  with  a  proximal  angle  which  is  truncated  on  the  fifth 
and  sixth  plates,  but  their  distal  margin  may  generally  be  divided  into  two  distinct 
sides  which  meet  in  an  obtuse  angle;  these  plates  remain  wider  than  long  and  they 
part,  from  the  sixth  or  seventh,  upward.  Beyond  that  the  plates  become  tri- 
angular, a  little  wider  than  long,  with  very  sharp  angles  and  a  feebly  convex  distal 
margin.  The  first  plates  are  granulous,  like  those  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk, 
but  the  granules  very  soon  disappear  and  the  surface  of  the  former  becomes  almost 
smooth,  contrary  to  what  happens  with  the  neighboring  lateral  plates  which  always 
remain  more  or  less  strongly  granulated. 

The  under  brachial  plates  are  rather  small  and  a  great  part  of  the  under  face 
of  the  arms  is  covered  by  the  lateral  plates.  The  first  four  or  five  under  brachial 
plates  are  separated  from  one  another  by  a  narrow  and  shallow  transverse  furrow. 
The  first  under  plate  is  large,  triangular,  with  the  proximal  angle  truncated  and 
the  three  sides  somewhat  excavated.  The  second  one,  trapezoidal,  is  as  wide  as 
the  first  one,  but  it  is  wider  than  long,  with  the  distal  side  longer  than  the  proximal 
one,  which  is  excavated.  The  third  plate  is  trapezoidal  also  and  wider  than  long, 
but  narrower  than  the  preceding  one.  The  fourth  plate,  still  trapezoidal,  is  a 
little  longer  than  wide  and  its  distal  margin  is  almost  straight.  The  fifth  and  sixth 
plates  are  also  a  little  longer  than  wide,  but  they  become  narrower  than  the  fourth 
and  their  proximal  margin  is  apt  to  be  elongated  into  a  slightly  obtuse  angle. 


OPHIUEANS   OF   UNITED    STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  15 

Beyond  that  the  plates,  which  up  to  that  point  were  separated  only  by  the  trans- 
verse furrow  which  I  have  mentioned  above,  go  farther  and  farther  apart  from  each 
other;  they  become  at  first  pentagonal  [and  as  long  as  wide,  and  soon  assume  a 
triangular  shape  with  a  very  convex  distal  margin,  and  at  the  same  time  become 
wider  than  long.  It  must  be  noticed  that  the  first  under  plates  have  granules  just 
like  the  other  plates  of  the  body,  but  about  the  eighth  plate  these  granules  begin  to 
be  arranged  in  regular  transverse  sets  which  will  form  pretty  well  marked  strias  on 
the  surface  of  the  next  plates.  A  like  structure  appears  only  to  a  very  small  extent, 
or  is  even  completely  lacking,  on  the  lateral  plates. 

The  lateral  plates  are  broadly  developed  and  take  up  an  important  part  of  the 
upper  and  under  faces  of  the  arms;  their  surfaces  are  covered  with  granules,  which 
disappear  only  at  the  extremities  of  the  arms.  On  their  distal  margin  there  are 
generally  three  short,  papilliform,  and  sharp  spines,  the  dorsal  spine  being  a  little 
isolated  from  the  other  two.  On  some  articles  of  one  of  the  arms  I  exceptionally 
find  four  spines  which  are  separated  by  equal  intervals. 

The  tentacular  pores  of  the  first  pair  open  widely  in  the  mouth,  and  they 
generally  carry  five  scales  on  each  margin;  these  scales  are  small,  truncated,  very 
closely  put  together  or  even  somewhat  jointed.  The  pores  of  the  second  pair  have 
four  or  five  scales  on  the  proximal  or  external  margin  and  four  on  the  opposite 
margin,  the  latter  being  less  developed  than  the  proximal  ones.  A  like  arrangement 
is  observed  on  the  pores  of  the  third  and  of  the  fourth  pair.  On  the  pores  of  the 
fifth  and  sixth  pairs  the  proximal  margin  carries  four  scales  and  the  distal  margin 
has  but  two  small  ones.  On  the  following  pores  these  distal  scales  rapidly  dis- 
appear, but  of  the  proximal  scales  there  remain  three,  a  number  which  is  persistently 
found  on  almost  the  whole  length  of  the  arms;  but  the  scales  become  smaller,  short, 
and  conical. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  grayish-white. 

Resemblances  and  differences. — 0.  coronata  is  evidently  closely  allied  to  0.  con- 
vexa,  although  distinct  from  it.  I  think  the  two  should  be  separated.  We  have 
seen  that  Lyman  had  already  attempted  to  do  so.  The  six  primary  plates  are 
largely  developed,  and  they  take  up  on  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  a  comparatively 
larger  space  than  in  0.  convexa,  so  as  to  leave  room  for  only  a  single  interradial 
plate,  a  very  large  one,  larger  even  than  in  0.  convexa.  The  radial  shields  are  rela- 
tively small  and  more  reduced  than  in  the  latter  species.  The  radial  papilla  are 
extremely  narrow,  cylindrical,  elongated,  pointed,  numerous,  and  closely  put  together, 
and  they  completely  differ  from  those  which  are  known  to  exist  in  0.  convexa,  these 
latter  being  rather  low  and  rectangular,  as  I  indicated  in  1909  (09,  p.  149). 

The  arms  are  far  less  carinated  than  in  0.  convexa.  The  upper  brachial  plates 
are  quadrangular  on  the  first  articles  only  and  rapidly  become  triangular,  while  in 
0.  convexa  they  remain  quadrangular  on  more  than  half  of  the  length  of  the  arms, 
and  become  triangular  only  beyond  that  point,  although  they  remain  as  long  as  wide 
or  even  a  little  longer  than  wide.  On  the  under  face  the  arms  are  more  widened 
at  their  base,  consequently  the  interradial  spaces  are  narrower  than  in  0.  convexa 
and  the  mouth  shields  themselves  are  also  narrower.  Lyman  had  observed  that 
in  some  specimens  of  the  Blake  these  shields  covered  the  whole  under  face  of  the 
disk  inwardly  of  the  genital  plates;  such  is  not  the  case  in  my  two  examples,  which 


16  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

show  out  of  the  mouth  shields  a  few  small  distal  plates.  The  under  brachial 
plates  are  less  developed  in  the  new  species  and  they  become  a  little  longer  than 
wide  only  between  the  fourth  and  the  seventh  article  or  thereabout,  after  which 
they  rapidly  become  very  small  and  triangular;  I  notice,  on  the  contrary,  that  in 
0.  convexa  these  plates  remain  longer  than  wide  on  the  longest  part  of  the  arms, 
and  they  do  not  assume  a  triangular  shape  until  near  the  last  articles.  All  these 
differences  may  readily  be  understood  from  the  photographs  which  I  reproduce  here 
(pi.  2,  figs.  3-6).  It  will  be  seen  that  a  specific  separation  is  amply  justified. 

Let  it  be  added,  also,  as  Lyman  stated,  that  0.  convexa  has  always  been  caught 
in  great  depths,  while  the  specimens  of  the  Blake  came  from  depths  ranging  between 
114  and  270  fathoms;  the  two  specimens  of  the  Albatross  were  found  somewhat 
deeper. 

One  might  also  compare  0.  coronata  with  0.  solida  Lyman,  in  which  the  plates 
of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  arranged  in  a  similar  manner,  but  the  characters 
of  the  under  face,  and  among  others  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields,  which  are  very 
small,  as  well  as  that  of  the  under  brachial  plates,  make  any  comparison  impossible. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  ELEVATA  Lyman. 
Plate  3,  fig.  5. 

Ophioglypha  ekvata  LYMAN  (78),  p.  82,  pi.  4,  figs.  87-89. 
Ophioglypha  elevata  LYMAN  (82),  p.  57,  pi.  5,  figs.  16-18. 

Albatross  station  2675.  Lat.  32°  32'  30"  N.;  long.  77°  15'  W.;  327  fathoms; 
gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  sh.;  temp.  45.8°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7  mm. ;  none  of  the  arms  is  preserved  to  its  entire 
length. 

Lyman's  type  was  found  by  the  Challenger  in  lat.  46°  40'  S.  and  long  37°  50' 
E.,  in  a  depth  of  310  fathoms.  Notwithstanding  the  long  distance  between  the 
stations,  the  example  found  by  the  Albatross  really  belongs  to  Lyman's  species, 
although  I  notice  a  few  differences  which  are  rather  unimportant  and  are  undoubt- 
edly due  to  the  fact  that  the  type  was  a  little  smaller,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  not 
exceeding  6  mm. 

Lyman  says  that  the  tentacular  oral  pores  offer  two  scales  on  each  side;  in 
my  specimen  I  observe  three  on  the  interradial  side  and  two  or  three  on  the  radial 
side.  The  following  pores  have  three  and  sometimes  four  scales  on  the  proximal 
and  external  side.  This  number  then  falls  to  two  and  remains  so  on  the  whole 
preserved  length  of  the  arms,  while  the  distal  and  internal  side  generally  con- 
tinues to  show  three  papillae.  These  papillae  are  not  so  sharply  limited  as  the 
external  scales,  but  they  are,  nevertheless,  plainly  noticeable;  at  a  certain  distance 
from  the  arm  base  the  number  of  these  scales  falls  to  two,  and  finally  to  one. 
The  mouth  shields  are  wider  distally  than  indicated  in  Lyman's  drawing  in  the 
"Reports  of  the  Challenger"  (82,  pi.  5,  fig.  16);  in  the  drawing  in  the  Bulletin 
(78,  pi.  4,  fig.  87),  the  distal  region  is  represented  wider,  but  with  fairly  sharp 
lateral  angles,  while  these  are  actually  rounded. 

The  first  under  brachial  plates  of  0.  elevata  are  known  to  carry  in  their  middle 
a  longitudinal  swelling  which  is  characteristic  of  the  species.  Lyman  says  that 
this  swelling  is  within  the  disk  and  he  represents  it  on  the  first  four  ventral  plates. 
In  my  specimen  this  swelling  appears  on  the  first  five  plates  at  least.  On  the  first 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  17 

plate  it  is  wider  than  on  the  following  ones,  and  it  forms  an  almost  rounded  prom- 
inence which  does  not  reach  the  proximal  margin.  It  is  on  the  three  succeeding 
plates  that  the  median  protuberance  reaches  its  full  development;  it  is  thin,  sharp, 
and  extends  over  the  whole  length  of  the  plate.  On  the  fifth  plate  it  is  less 
developed,  lower,  narrower,  and  does  not  always^  reach  the  proximal  margin  of 
the  plate.  Finally,  the  sixth  plate  sometimes  shows,  in  the  middle  of  its  distal 
side,  a  small  conical  tubercle.  The  succeeding  plates  rapidly  become  narrower 
and  are  longer  than  wide,  and  at  the  same  time  their  proximal  angle  becomes 
sharper;  they  are  separated  from  the  ninth  or  tenth  upward. 

The  upper  brachial  plates,  the  form  of  which  has  not  been  indicated  by  Lyman, 
are  rectangular,  and  first  they  are  wider  than  long  with  a  narrow  proximal  side, 
a  wide  and  convex  distal  side,  and  diverging  lateral  sides;  they  afterwards  become 
as  long  as  wide  and  finally  longer  than  wide. 

0.  devoid  had  not  yet  been  met  with  except  in  the  southern  regions  of  the 
Indian  Ocean,  and  a  single  specimen  only  was  known;  the  discovery  of  that  species 
in  the  Atlantic  is,  consequently,  very  interesting. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  FALCIFERA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ophioglyphafalcifera  LYMAN  (82),  p.  42. 

Albatross  station  2659.  May  3,  1886.  Lat.  28°  32'  N.;  long.  78°  42'  W.; 
509  fathoms;  br.  for.;  temp.  45.2°  F.  One  little  specimen. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  FASCICULATA  Lyman. 

Ophioglypha  fasciculate  LYMAN  (83),  p.  237,  pi.  3,  figs.  22-24. 
Ophioglypha  fasciculata  H.  L.  CLARK  (08),  p.  296. 

Albatross  station  2358.  Jan.  1,  1885.  Lat.  20°  19'  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W.; 
222  fathoms;  fne.  wh.  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Three  specimens. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  2358  the  diameter  reaches  14  mm.;  the  others 
are  smaller,  their  diameters  varying  between  7  and  10  mm. 

I  think  I  can  refer  these  ophiurans  to  0,  fasciculata,  for  they  entirely  conform 
to  Lyman's  description  excepting  as  regards  the  number  of  brachial  spines; 
instead  of  four,  as  stated  by  Lyman,  I  observe  but  three,  the  upper  one  being  remote 
from  the  other  two  which  form  a  small  group  located  near  the  ventral  edge  of  the 
arm.  The  length  of  these  spines  reaches  two-thirds  of  the  article.  Undoubtedly, 
the  spine  which  ought  to  be  placed  in  the  interspace  is  lacking,  and  this  is  not  due 
to  the  age  of  the  individuals  since  the  disks  of  my  specimens  have  diameters  rang- 
ing from  7  to  14  mm.,  while  the  diameter  was  13  mm.  in  Lyman's  type.  This 
difference  would  evidently  not  justify  a  specific  separation. 

Lyman  says,  as  pointed  out  by  H.  L.  Clark  (08,  p.  296),  that  the  lateral  brachial 
plates  are  not  in  contact  either  on  the  upper  or  on  the  under  face,  but  in  his  drawings 
these  plates  are  represented  as  being  in  contact  beyond  the  sixth  under  brachial 
plate.  I  observe  on  my  own  specimens  that  the  under  plates  are  in  contact  for  a 
length  which  varies,  according  to  the  size,  from  the  seventh  to  the  fifteenth  article. 

Lyman's  type  was  caught  by  the  Blake  in  the  waters  about  Barbados,  in  a 
depth  of  288  fathoms. 


18  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  INORNATA  Lyman. 
=  Ophioglypha  divisa  Ltitken  and  Mortensen. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Kcehler  (04),  p.  40. 
Koehler  (07),  p.  262. 

Albatross  station  2754.  Dec.  5,  1887.  Lat.  11°  40'  N.;  long.  58°  35'  W.; 
880  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  38°  F.  Three  specimens.  The  diameter  of  the 
disk  ranges  between  10.5  and  9.5  mm. 

I  refer  to  the  above-mentioned  papers  for  the  variations  of  0.  inornata. 

In  the  three  examples  from  the  Albatross,  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  rather 
suggest,  by  their  arrangement  and  the  shape  of  the  radial  shields,  0.  abyssorum, 
with  which  one  of  the  specimens  from  the  Siboga  also  offered  some  likeness,  but 
the  other  characters  do  really  correspond  with  those  of  0.  inornata.  On  the  two 
larger  specimens  the  mouth  shields  are  separated  into  two  halves  by  a  furrow 
extending  over  their  whole  length,  as  Lyman  figured  it  (82,  pi.  3,  fig.  10) ;  sometimes, 
even,  the  furrow  is  bifurcated  so  that  the  mouth  shield  is  divided  into  three  pieces, 
but  the  under  plate  which  comes  after  it  is  never  divided.  On  the  third  speci- 
men, which  is  somewhat  smaller,  the  mouth  shields  are  entire.  In  none  of  these 
specimens  are  the  upper  brachial  plates  fragmented. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  IRRORATA  Lyman. 

Plate  1,  figs.  3Hl. 

See,  among  other  papers,  for  the  bibliography: 

Ophwglypha  irrorata  LYMAN  (82),  p.  47. 

Ophioglypha  orbiculata  LYMAN  (82),  p.  48. 

Ophioglypha  irrorata  LYMAN  (83),  p.  243. 

Ophioglypha  grandis  VEHRILL  (94),  p.  293. 

Ophioglypha  irrorata  KCEHLER  (96),  p.  19. 

Ophioglypha  involuta  KCEHLER  (97),  p.  295. 

Ophwglypha  orbiculata  KCEHLER  (97),  p.  302. 

Ophioglypha  orbiculata  KCEHLER  (99),  p.  21. 

Ophwglypha  tumulosa  LUTKEN  and  MORTENSEN  (99),  p.  121. 

Ophwglypha  tumulosa  LUDWIG  (05a),  p.  397. 

Ophwglypha  tumulosa  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  296. 

Ophioglypha  mundata  KCEHLER  (07o),  p.  257. 

Ophioglypha  mundata  KCEHLER  (09),  p.  153. 

Ophioglypha  irrorata  H.  L.  CLARK  (11),  p.  62. 

Albatross  station  2358.  Jan.  29,  1885.  Lat.  20°  19'  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W.; 
222  fathoms;  fne.  wh.  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2573.  Sept.  2,  1885.  Lat.  40°  34'  18"  N.;  long.  66°  09'  W.; 
1,742  fathoms;  gy.  m.  s.;  temp.  37.3°  F.  Nine  specimens. 

For  the  reasons  which  I  give  below,  one  must  consider  as  being  synonymous 
0.  irrorata,  0.  orbiculata  Lyman,  grandis  Verrill,  involuta  Kcehler,  tumulosa  Liitken 
and  Mortensen,  and  mundata  Kcehler.  The  specimens  which  I  mention  above 
come  from  the  same  set  as  those  which  were  used  by  Verrill  to  introduce  0.  grandis 
and  they  correspond  exactly  with  the  description  given  by  him. 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  19 

The  specimens  gathered  by  the  Albatross  at  station  2573  are  all  very  large,  the 
diameter  of  the  disks  varying  from  20  to  27  mm.  None  of  them  is  perfectly  well 
preserved  and  most  of  the  arms  are  broken  more  or  less  close  to  their  bases.  I  observe 
in  every  one  of  them  a  radial  comb  formed  by  small  rectangular  papillae  which  become 
smaller  as  they  pass  over  to  the  under  side;  Verrill  seems  to  consider  this  comb  as 
only  occasional. 

I  am  glad  to  have  been  able  to  study  these  examples  and  to  compare  their  charac- 
ters with  those  of  the  other  very  closely  allied  forms  which  were  described  under 
the  various  names  mentioned.  It  was  H.  L.  Clark  who,  in  his  most  interesting 
paper  on  the  Ophiurans  from  the  Northern  Pacific  (11,  p.  62),  suggested  that  0. 
irrorata  Lyman,  orbiculata  Lyman,  grandis  Verrill,  involute,  Koehler,  and  tumulosa 
Lutken  and  Mortensen,  ought  to  be  united  in  one  species  to  which  the  name  of 
0.  irrorata  should  be  applied.  The  clever  American  naturalist  upheld  his  opinion 
by  very  convincing  arguments  which  have  completely  satisfied  me,  the  more  so  as 
I  myself  had  already  had  an  opportunity  to  point  out  the  close  affinities  existing 
between  0.  orbiculata,  irrorata,  and  involuta,  when  I  studied  the  Ophiurans  from 
the  Investigator  (97,  pp.  295  and  302).  Moreover,  I  suggest  the  idea  of  adding  to 
the  synonyms  indicated  by  Clark,  0.  mundata,  a  species  introduced  by  me  in  1907 
for  an  Ophioglypha  which  I  had  referred  at  first  to  0.  irrorata,  as  I  mentioned 
recently  (09,  p.  153).  As  a  basis  of  distinction  between  this  former  species  and 
0.  irrorata,  I  had  first  noted  the  thickness  of  the  disk,  the  shape  of  the  mouth 
shields,  and  the  absence  of  spines,  indicated  by  Lyman  on  the  upper  face  of  the 
disk  in  the  latter;  these  differences  are  of  no  more  importance  than  those  referred 
to  in  order  to  separate  from  0.  irrorata  the  various  species  mentioned  above  by 
H.  L.  Clark.  Moreover,  0.  mundata  differs  but  slightly  from  0.  grandis  Verrill,  and 
certainly,  had  this  writer  given  a  drawing  of  the  latter,  I  should  without  any  hesi- 
tation have  referred  to  this  species  the  specimens  from  the  TravaiUeur  and  the  Talis- 
man as  well  as  those  from  the  Princesse  Alice  which  I  denominated  0.  mundata; 
but  one  knows  how  difficult  it  is  to  identify  the  species  described  by  Verrill.  Liitken 
and  Mortensen  also  related  their  0.  tumulosa  to  0.  grandis  and  pointed  out  that, 
the  latter  not  having  been  figured,  it  became  very  difficult  to  establish  the  connec- 
tion between  the  two  species. 

If  thus  understood,  0.  irrorata  has  a  very  wide  geographical  distribution,  which 
might  be  compared  with  that  of  OpMomusium  lymani,  as  H.  L.  Clark  points  out, 
but  the  former  shows  a  much  more  conspicuous  polymorphism  than  the  latter. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  the  differences  which  have  been  noticed  do  not  proceed 
exclusively  from  the  sizes  of  specimens  from  the  different  known  localities;  after 
our  Ophioglypha  has  been  found  at  a  greater  number  of  stations,  it  will  perhaps 
be  useful  to  keep,  for  variety's  sake,  some  of  the  names  under  which  it  is  known 
in  zoological  nomenclature. 

In  one  of  the  examples  gathered  by  the  Albatross,  which  I  have  illustrated 
in  plate  1,  figs.  3  and  4,  one  of  the  arms  has  been  broken  near  its  base  and  includes 
a  restored  part  which  offers  certain  peculiarities.  As  seen  from  the  upper  face 
(fig.  4),  this  arm  first  shows  three  normal  articles  after  which  come  the  regenerated 
articles,  the  first  nine  of  which  display  anomalies  as  to  the  shape  and  arrangement 
of  the  brachial  plates  which  remind  one  of  those  described  by  me  in  Ophionotus 


20  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

victorise  (12,  p.  118).  The  dorsal  plates,  instead  of  having  their  usual  regularly 
trapezoidal  shape  with  a  wider  and  convex  distal  edge,  are  irregular,  much  wider 
than  long  and  most  of  them  are  divided  into  two  almost  equal  parts  by  a  longi- 
tudinal furrow  located  close  to  the  median  line.  The  ventral  plates  are  not  so 
irregular.  The  first  seven  keep  nearly  their  normal  shape;  the  eighth  one,  which 
is  large,  is  irregularly  divided  in  its  distal  region;  the  ninth  and  tenth  plates, 
smaller  than  usual,  are  divided  into  two  by  an  oblique  furrow,  and  lastly  the  fol- 
lowing plates  are  scarcely  modified.  The  first  two  lateral  plates  on  one  side  carry 
no  spines  and  the  following  plate  has  but  two  spines;  on  the  other  side,  the  first 
plate  is  deprived  of  spines,  the  second  one  has  three.  Then  the  succeeding  plates 
on  each  side  generally  carry  four  spines  each,  the  dorsal  spine  being  separated  from 
the  other  three,  and  this  abnormal  arrangement  of  the  spines  is  continued  not  only 
on  that  part  which  has  abnormal  upper  and  under  plates,  but  also  on  about  ten  articles 
beyond  that  part.  On  the  other  arms  of  the  same  example,  which  never  met  with 
an  accident,  the  brachial  spines  most  regularly  amount  to  three,  the  upper  spine 
being  separated  from  the  other  two.  Verrill,  moreover,  has  pointed  out  the  fact 
that  in  0.  grandis  the  lower  group  of  spines  sometimes  included  three. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  LEPIDA  Lyman. 
Plate  3,  fig.  2. 

Ophioglypha  lepida  LYMAN  (78),  p.  70,  pi.  3,  figs.  71-73. 
Ophioglypha  lepida  LYMAN  (82),  p.  43,  pi.  4,  figs.  1-3. 
Ophioglypha  lepida  LYMAN  (83),  p.  241. 
Ophioglypha  lepida  VERRILL  (85),  p.  543. 
Ophioglypha  lepida  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  294. 

Albatross  station  2106.  Nov.  6,  1883.  Lat.  37°  41'  20"  N.;  long.  73°  03' 
20"  W.;  1,497  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  42.5°  F.  Twenty-nine  specimens. 

The  specimens  are  generally  of  large  size;  in  the  smallest  one,  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  reaches  almost  10  mm.  and  in  several  others  it  comes  up  to  14  or  15 
mm.  They  conform  to  Lyman's  description,  excepting  with  regard  to  the  number 
of  the  brachial  spines.  In  fact,  I  only  find  as  an  exception  the  four  spines  indi- 
cated by  him;  generally  there  are  but  three,  two  lower  ones  which  form  a  small 
group  and  an  upper  one  which  is  larger.  Verrill  also  seems  to  have  observed  but 
three  spines,  for  he  says:  "There  is  a  single  larger  upper  spine  rather  widely  sep- 
arated from  the  two  lower  and  much  smaller  ones,  etc."1  I  have  never  met  with 
the  very  small  spines  which  are  scattered  on  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  in  a  var. 
spinulosa  introduced  by  Verrill  (85,  p.  543). 

0.  lepida  is  extremely  near  0.  ljungmani,  and  it  would  be  even  more  so  than 
Lyman  thought  if  the  usual  number  of  its  spines  were  three.  I  beg  to  state  that 
in  the  descriptions  given  by  Lyman  of  each  of  these  two  species  there  is  a  contra- 
diction regarding  the  characters  of  the  radial  shields,  which  is  likely  to  produce 
confusion.  For  we  read,  regarding  0.  lepida,  in  the  very  short  diagnosis  (82,  p. 
43)  which  goes  before  the  detailed  description:  "radial  shields  touching  without," 
and  in  the  description  itself  which  comes  after 2  "  Radial  shields  separated  on  their 

1  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries  for  1883,  1885,  p.  543. 
*  The  voyage  of  the  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  5,  p.  44,  6th  line. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  21 

entire  length  by  a  wedge  of  smaller  and  larger  scales."  The  same  contradiction 
is  found,  besides,  in  Lyman's  preliminary  work  (78,  p.  70).  I  consider  Lyman's 
description  correct  and  it  is  in  accordance  with  the  figures  he  published  in  1878  and 
1882,  and  the  diagnosis  must  be  corrected  in  the  direction  I  have  just  indicated. 

As  a  rule,  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  in.  contact  through  their  distal 
angle  in  0.  ljungmani;  however,  it  happens  sometimes  that  these  shields  are  some- 
what separated  from  one  another  distally,  but  they  are  always  more  closely  put 
together  than  in  0.  lepida,  where  they  remain  widely  distant  from  one  another. 
As  regards  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  the  drawing  published  by  Lyman 
in  1878  (78,  pi.  3,  fig.  72)  seems  to  me  to  be  more  correct  than  that  of  the  Reports 
of  the  Challenger  (82,  pi.  4,  fig.  3).  I  may  add  that  0.  lepida  possesses  a  supple- 
mentary radial  comb  similar  to  that  of  0.  ljungmani,  to  which  I  shall  refer  when 
studying  the  latter  species. 

In  short,  0.  lepida  and  0.  ljungmani  are  extremely  cognate,  but  the  former 
species  is,  nevertheless,  easily  distinguished  by  its  larger  size,  by  the  upper  plates 
of  the  disk  being  much  smaller,  almost  uniform  and  finer,  by  the  radial  shields 
being  widely  separated,  and  by  the  upper  brachial  spine  being  rather  short.  These 
characters  are  never  found  in  0.  ljungmani. 

The  Challenger  encountered  0.  lepida  at  various  stations  between  38°  and 
40°  N.,  and  27°  and  72°  W.,  in  depths  ranging  from  750  to  1,350  fathoms,  and 
also  at  8°  S.  and  14°  W.  (420  fathoms).  The  Blake  met  with  it  in  the  West  Indies, 
and  also  at  several  more  northern  localities  (41°  N.,  65°  W.;  39°  N.,  70°  W.,  etc.), 
in  depths  ranging  from  608  to  1,242  fathoms. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  LJUNGMANI  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophioglypha  ljungmani  K<EHLER  (06),  p.  263. 
Ophioglypha  ljungmani  KXEHLER  (09),  p.  152. 
Ophioglypha  thouleti  KCEHLER  (00),  p.  158. 

Albatross  station  2102.  Nov.  5,  1883.  Lat.  38°  44'  N.;  long.  72°  38'  W.; 
1,209  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  39°  F.  Four  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2358.  Jan.  29,  1885.  Lat.  20°  19'  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W.; 
222  fathoms;  fne.  wh.  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2639.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  46'  30"  N.;  long.  80°  02'  W.; 
56  fathoms;  co.  s.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2642.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  42.6°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2644.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  40'  N.;  long.  80°  00'  W.; 
193  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  43.4°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2645.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  46'  30"  N.;  long.  80°  02'  W.; 
157  fathoms;  gn.  s.;  temp.  43.4°  F.  Some  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Seven  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2667.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  53'  N.;  long.  79°  42'  30"  W.; 
273  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  48.7°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2668.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  38' 
30"  W.;  294  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  46.3°  F.  One  specimen. 


22  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  2754.  Dec.  5,  1887.  Lat.  11°  40'  N.;  long.  58°  33'  W.; 
880  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  38°  F.  Many  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2763.  Dec.  30,  1887.  Lat.  24°  17'  S.;  long.  42°  48'  30"  W.; 
671  fathoms;  br.  glob,  oz.;  temp.  37.9°  F. 

Grampus  station  5118.  Mar.  23,  1889.  Lat.  26°  30'  N.;  long.  83°  55'  W.; 
59  fathoms;  hrd.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7283.  Feb.  19,  1902.  Lat.  24°  17'  30"  N.;  long.  81°  53' 
30"  W.;  127  fathoms;  s.  gr.;  temp.  53°  F.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7296.  Feb.  26,  1902.  Lat.  24°  21'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  47' 
45"  W.;  122  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  54°  F.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7514.  Mar.  25,  1902.  Six  miles  east  of  Fowey  Rocks 
Light;  200  fathoms;  gy.  m.;  temp.  48°  F.  Six  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7512.  Mar.  25, 1903.  3%  miles  southeast  by  east  of  Fowey 
Rocks  Light;  170  fathoms;  sft.;  temp.  51°  F.  Four  specimens. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  table  of  localities  of  0.  ljungmani  that  the  species 
occurs  in  depths  ranging  from  56  to  1,209  fathoms.  According  to  H.  L.  Clark 
(01,  p.  243),  0.  ljungmani  has  been  found  at  Porto  Rico  in  depths  of  20  to  45 
fathoms  only.  It  is  not  so  in  the  Eastern  region  of  the  Atlantic,  where  0.  ljungmani 
has  not  yet  been  met  with  except  in  very  deep  waters,  about  850-1,100  fathoms. 

After  studying  the  very  rich  series  of  0.  ljungmani  which  has  been  intrusted 
to  me  by  the  National  Museum,  I  have  made  sure  that  0.  thouleti,  which  I  had  intro- 
duced in  1896,  after  a  single  specimen,  and  which  I  had  later  found  fairly  abundant 
in  the  Echinoderms  gathered  by  the  TravaiUeur  and  the  Talisman,  as  well  as 
by  the  Princesse  Alice,  can  not  be  separated  from  0.  ljungmani.  The  specimens 
which  I  formerly  referred,  and  correctly,  to  this  latter  species,  had  always  been  fairly 
numerous  and  of  rather  small  size;  they  almost  always  had  small  spines  on  the 
upper  face  of  their  disk,  but  owing  to  my  resolution  not  to  dry  them,  I  was  unable 
to  recognize  the  supplemental  radial  comb  which  I  thought  was  a  character  of 
0.  thouleti.  Consequently  I  had  been  inclined  to  refer  to  the  latter  species  the 
larger  specimens  in  which  I  easily  observed  the  supplementary  radial  comb,  and 
which  happened  not  to  possess  any  spines  on  the  upper  face  of  the  disk. 

In  fact,  0.  ljungmani  always  possesses  within  the  chief  radial  comb,  a  series 
of  very  fine  papillae  which  advance  to  near  the  middle  of  the  third  upper  brachial 
plate,  and  I  do  not  see,  after  all,  either  in  the  arrangement  of  the  plates  of  the  disk 
or  of  the  arms,  or  in  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields,  any  character  permitting  a 
specific  separation  between  0.  ljungmani  and  0.  thouleti.  Consequently  the  latter 
can  not  be  considered  except  as  a  synonym  of  the  former. 

OPHIOGI.YPHA  LYMANI  Ljungman. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ludwig  (99),  p.  5. 

Ludwig  (05),  p.  73. 

Koehler  (07),  p.  295,  pi.  10,  figs.  11-12. 

Albatross  station  2770.  Jan.  17,  1888.  Lat.  48°  37'  S.;  long.  65°  46'  W.; 
58  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2771.  Jan.  17,  1888.  Lat.  51°  34'  S.  long.  68°  00'  W.; 

50.5  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  49.4°  F.  Many  specimens. 


OPHIURANS   OF  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  23 

Albatross  station  2779.  Jan.  23,  1888.  Lat.  53°  06'  S.;  long.  70°  40'  30"  W.; 
77.5  fathoms;  gn.  oz.;  temp.  46.9°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2780.  Feb.  2,  1888.  Lat.  53°  01'  S.;  long.  73°  42'  30"  W.; 
369  fathoms;  gn.  m.;  temp.  46.9°  F.  Six  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2783.  Feb.  6,  1888.  Lat.  51°  02'  30"  S.;  long.  74°  08'  30" 
W.;  122  fathoms;  bu.  m.;  temp.  47.9°  F.  Many  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2784.  Feb.  8,  1888.  Lat.  48°  41'  S.;  long.  74°  24'  W.;  194 
fathoms;  bu.  m.;  temp.  51.9°  F.  Many  specimens. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  ROBUSTA  (Ayres). 

See  for  bibliography : 
Kcehler  (09),  p.  154. 

Albatross  station  2055.  Aug.  30,  1883.  Lat.  42°  32'  N.;  long.  68°  17' W.; 
99.5  fathoms;  bu.  m.,  s.,  and  crs.  g.  One  little  specimen. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  SARSII  (Liitken). 

Plate  1,  figs.  5-6. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Grieg  (07),  p.  15. 

Kcehler  (09),  p.  155. 

Sttssbach  and  Breckner  (11),  p.  248. 

H.  L.Clark  (11),  p.  37. 

Albatross  station  2020.  May  21,  1883.  Lat.  37°  37'  50"  N.;  long.  74°  15' 
30"  W.;  143  fathoms;  bu.  m.  fne.  s.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  stations  2582-2583.  Sept.  18,  1885.  Lat.  39°  50'  N.;  long.  71° 
43'  W.;  131-137  fathoms;  gn.  m.  s.;  temp.  47.2°  F.  Numerous  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2668.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  38' 
30"  W.;  294  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  46.3°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  3456.  Sept.  1,  1891.  Lat.  48°  31'  15"  N.;  long.  124°  43' 
15"  W;  136  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  44.2°  F.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  1038.  Sept.  21, 1881.  Off  Marthas  Vineyard,  Massachusetts; 
146  fathoms;  s.  and  sh.;  temp.  47°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  1111.  Aug.  22 , 1 882 .  Off  Marthas  Vineyard,  Massachusetts ; 
124  fathoms;  fne.  s.;  temp.  47°  F.  Numerous  specimens. 

East  coast  of  North  America.     One  specimen. 

The  specimens  from  stations  2582-2583  were  associated  in  almost  equal  num- 
ber with  some  Ophiocten  hastatum;  they  are  all  very  small,  the  diameter  of  their 
disks  never  exceeding  12-13  mm.;  in  some  of  them  this  diameter  ranged  between 
2  and  4  mm.  I  reproduce  here  two  of  these  small  specimens  (pi.  1,  figs.  5-6). 
The  one  from  station  3456,  the  disk  of  which  is  7  mm.  in  diameter,  has  short  and 
conical  radial  papillae. 

The  variations  of  0.  sarsii  are  well  known,  and  recently  several  writers,  Grieg, 
Mortensen,  H.  L.  Clark,  and  others  have  written  exhaustively  about  them.    The 
only  variations  which  I  observe  in  the  collection  of  the  National  Museum  refer  to 
the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  which  may  be  more  or  less  protruding. 
60G1°— Bull.  84—14 3 


24  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  SCULPTILIS  Lyman. 
(=  Ophioglypha  variabilis  Lyman.) 

Ophioglypha  sculptilis  LYMAN  (78),  p.  84,  pi.  4,  figs.  115-116. 

Ophioglypha  variabilis  LYMAN  (78),  p.  85,  pi.  3,  figs.  70,  78,  and  79. 

Ophioglypha  variabilis  LYMAN  (78<z),  p.  217. 

Ophioglypha  sculptilis  LYMAN  (82),  p.  59,  pi.  6,  figs.  16-18. 

Ophioglypha  variabilis  LYMAN  (82),  p.  60,  pi.  6,  figs.  10-12. 

Ophioglypha  variabilis  LYMAN  (82),  p.  242. 

Ophioglypha  sculptilis  KCEHLER  (97),  p.  301. 

Ophioglypha  sculptilis  KCEHLER  (99),  p.  20. 

Ophioglypha  variabilis  H.  L.  CLARK  (08),  pp.  294  and  296. 

Ophioglypha  sculptilis  H.  L.  CLAEK  (11),  p.  77. 

Albatross  station  2656.  May  3,  1886.  Lat.  27°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  78°  24'  W.; 
572  fathoms;  for.;  temp.  41.2°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2664.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  41'  N.;  long.  79°  55'  W.;  373 
fathoms;  co.  s. ;  temp.  42.7°  F.  Six  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2678.  May  8,  1886.  Lat.  32°  40'  N.;  long.  76°  40'  W.;  731 
fathoms;  It.  gy.  oz.;  temp.  38.7°  F.  Four  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2761.  Dec.  26,  1887.  Lat.  15°  39'  S.;  long.  38°  35'  54"  W.; 
818  fathoms;  pter.  oz.;  temp.  39°  F.  About  15  specimens. 

In  1911  H.  L.  Clark  suggested  uniting  0.  sculptilis  and  0.  variabilis;  I  quite 
agree  with  this  opinion,  the  more  so  because  as  far  back  as  1897  I  pointed  out  that 
the  two  species  were  extremely  alike  and  that  the  only  two  characters  by  which 
they  might  be  distinguished  had  but  little  value.  I  shall  adopt  also,  as  does  H.  L. 
Clark,  the  name  0.  sculptilis.  Moreover,  Lyman  had  already  reported  some  varia- 
tions in  0.  varialilis  and  I  have  myself  indicated  some  in  0.  sculptilis. 

The  specimens  of  the  Albatross  which  I  have  in  hand  come  from  stations  which 
are  rather  distant  from  one  another,  but  which  are  all  in  the  Atlantic;  the  speci- 
mens hardly  vary  excepting  as  regards  the  brachial  spines,  the  number  of  which  is 
seven  or  eight  at  the  arm  bases,  and  as  regards  the  separation  of  the  radial  shields 
which  is  more  or  less  important. 

0.  sculptilis  therefore  happens  to  have  a  very  wide  geographical  distribution, 
since  it  is  known  in  northern  as  well  as  in  southern  Atlantic,  in  Japanese  seas,  in 
the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  in  East  Indian  waters. 

opmoMusraM  EBURNEUM  Lyman. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  LYMAN  (69),  p.  322. 

Ophiamusium  eburneum  LYMAN  (71),  pi.  2,  fig.  13. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  618. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  LYMAN  (78),  p.  220. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  LYMAN  (82),  p.  99. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  LYMAN  (83),  p.  244. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  VEHRILL  (99),  p.  12. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum,  var.  elegans  VERRILL  (99),  p.  12,  pi.  3,  fig.  1. 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  KXEHLER  (07),  p.  297. 

Albatross  station  2376.  Feb.  11, 1885.  Lat.  29°  03'  15"  N.;  long.  88°  16'  W.; 
324  fathoms;  gy.  m.;  temp.  46.5°  F.  Four  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2401.  Mar.  14,  1885.  Lat.  28°  38'  N.;  long.  85°  52'  30"  W.; 
142  fathoms;  gn.  m.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  25 

Fish  Hawk  station  7512.  Mar.  25, 1903.  3$  miles  SE.  by  E.  of  Fowey  Rocks 
Light;  170  fathoms;  sft.;  temp.  51°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7513.  Mar.  25,  1903.  Gulf  Stream  off  Cape  Florida,  6J 
miles  E.  S.  E.  £  E.  of  Fowey  Rocks  Light;  200  fathoms;  gy.  m.;  temp.  46°  F. 
One  specimen. 

The  largest  specimens  are  those  from  station  2376  in  which  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  ranges  between  15  and  17.5  mm.;  the  arms,  in  the  largest  specimen,  reach 
52  mm.  In  the  others,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  from  9  to  1 1  mm. 

In  these  examples,  I  find  variations  which  are  analogous  to  those  formerly 
indicated  by  Lyman  and  Verrill,  some  of  the  specimens  recalling  in  certain  of 
their  characters,  Lyman's  description,  while  the  others  are  more  in  accordance  with 
Verrill's;  in  all  of  them,  the  spines  invariably  number  two.  Verrill  thought  that  the 
differences  observed  by  him  in  the  specimens  gathered  by  the  "Bahama  Expedition" 
were  due  to  the  size  of  the  specimens,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  in  Lyman's  type 
being  9  mm.,  while  in  Verrill's  material,  this  diameter  reached  12  mm.  But, 
according  to  what  I  have  observed,  those  differences  are  due  not  alone  to  size. 
Lyman,  moreover,  reported  in  1883  certain  variations  in  the  specimens  from  the 
Blake,  and,  besides  other  things,  he  noted  that  the  brachial  spines  might  amount 
to  three;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  in  the  largest  specimen  which  he  had  observed 
was  15  mm. 

The  specimens  from  station  7512  are  chiefly  in  accordance  with  Lyman's  descrip- 
tion. The  upper  brachial  plates  show,  from  the  base  of  the  arms,  the  shape  of  loz- 
enges and  remain  very  small;  the  radial  shields  are  large,  triangular,  widely  sepa- 
rated; but  the  mouth  shields  are  longer  than  indicated  by  Lyman  and  their  shape 
is  the  same  as  that  figured  by  Verrill. 

The  specimen  from  station  2401,  although  being  very  near  the  foregoing  ones 
as  far  as  the  size  is  concerned,  differs  from  them  in  various  respects.  The  whole 
body  is  covered  with  a  yellowish  tegument  which  more  or  less  completely  hides 
the  underlying  plates.  The  upper  face  of  the  disk  with  its  large  triangular  radial 
shields,  recalls  Lyman's  type,  but  the  upper  brachial  plates  are  of  a  different  shape. 
The  first  one  or  two  of  these  plates  are  very  short,  rectangular,  and  much  wider 
than  long;  the  third  one,  also  rectangular,  is  almost  as  wide  as  long,  with  a  broad 
and  convex  distal  side,  and  a  narrower  proximal  side.  The  following  plates  get 
more  elongated,  but  up  to  the  tenth  or  twelfth  one,  they  preserve  their  proximal 
side  distinct,  and  they  do  not  until  afterwards  become  triangular  or  lozenge-shaped. 
The  under  brachial  plates  offer  nothing  particular,  but  the  mouth  shields  are 
shorter  than  on  the  preceding  samples  and  they  recall  the  shape  drawn  by  Lyman. 
The  bracbial  spines  are  extremely  short. 

The  four  samples  from  station  2376  have  also  their  bodies  covered  with  a 
fairly  thick  and  opaque  tegument  which  hides  the  outline  of  the  plates.  The 
upper  face  of  the  disk  recalls  the  arrangements  represented  by  Verrill,  with  rather 
small  radial  shields  which  are  oval  and  rather  widely  separated.  The  first  two 
upper  brachial  plates  are  very  short,  wider  than  long  and  of  little  importance.  The 
third  one,  quadrangular,  is  much  wider  than  long;  the  fourth  is  trapezoidal,  with  a 
proximal  side  narrower  than  the  distal  side,  and  it  is  still  a  little  wider  than  long. 


26  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  succeeding  plates  progressively  assume  the  shape  of  a  triangle,  and  then  of  a 
lozenge,  and  they  become  much  smaller.  The  characters  of  the  under  face  of  the 
disk  and  of  the  arms  rather  recall  those  indicated  by  Verrill,  though  with  the 
mouth  shields  somewhat  shorter;  the  brachial  spines,  which  always  number  two, 
are  identical. 

Owing  to  these  variations,  I  do  not  think  it  useful  to  maintain  the  variety 
elegans  established  by  Verrill,  which  is  based  only  upon  the  number  of  the  brachial 
spines,  which  are  three  in  number. 

The  type  of  0.  eburneum  described  by  Lyman  came  from  the  coast  of  Florida, 
from  a  depth  of  325  fathoms.  The  Blake  found  the  species  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  in  depths  ranging  from  92  to  400  fathoms.  Verrill's  speci- 
mens came  from  off  Havana,  between  110  and  260  fathoms. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  LYMANI  Wyvllle  Thomson. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Keehler  (09),  p.  161. 

Albatross  station  2102.  Nov.  5,  1883.  Lat.  38°  44'  N.;  long.  72°  38'  W.; 
1,209  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  39°  F.  Twenty-three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2111.  Nov.  9,  1883.  Lat.  35°  09'  50"  N.;  long.  74°  57' 
40"  W.;  938  fathoms;  gn.  m.  Eleven  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2115.  Nov.  11,  1883.  Lat.  35°  49'  30"  N.;  long.  74°  34' 
45"  W.;  843  fathoms;  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39°  F.  Fifteen  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2678.  May  6,  1886.  Lat.  32°  40'  N.;  long.  76°  40'  30"  W.; 
731  fathoms;  It.  gy.  oz. ;  temp.  38.7°  F.  Many  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2751.  Nov.  28,  1887.  Lat.  16°  54'  N.;  long.  63°  12'  W.; 
687  fathoms ;  bu.  glob.  oz. ;  temp.  40°  F.  Many  specimens. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  PLANUM  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Kcehler  (09),  p.  162. 

Albatross  station  2097.  Oct.  1,  1883.  Lat.  37°  56'  20"  N.;  long.  70°  57' 
30"  W. ;  1,917  fathoms;  glob.  oz.  Eleven  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2098.  Oct.  1,  1883.  Lat.  37°  40'  30"  N.;  long.  70°  37' 
30"  W.;  2,221  fathoms;  glob.  oz.  Two  specimens. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  15  and  22  mm.,  in  a  specimen  from 
station  2097  it  is  only  7  mm. 

In  the  larger  specimens,  the  internal  tentacular  scale  of  the  first  brachial  pore 
is  sometimes  divided  in  two  as  I  have  pointed  out  in  some  samples  gathered  by  the 
Princesse  Alice  in  the  Eastern  Atlantic  (09,  p.  162);  the  brachial  spines  always 
remain  little  developed  and  vary  somewhat  as  to  their  number. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  RUGOSUM,  new  species. 

Plate  1,  figs.  7-8. 

Albatross  station  2342.     January  19, 1885.     Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  201  fathoms;  co.     Two  specimens. 
Type.—C&t.  No.  16378,  U.S.N.M. 


OPHIUEANS   OF  UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  27 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10  and  12.5  mm.  respectively;  the  arms  are 
incomplete;  in  the  larger  specimen  they  are  preserved  to  a  length  of  28  mm. 

The  disk  is  somewhat  thin  and  its  outline  is  pentagonal.  The  dorsal  face  is 
slightly  convex,  the  ventral  face  is  plane,  and  the  edges  are  rounded. 

The  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  large,  few  in  number,  very  regularly 
arranged.  There  is  to  be  seen  one  centro-dorsal  plate,  fairly  large,  pentagonal,  out 
of  which  come  a  first  circle  of  small  interradial  plates  and  a  second  circle  of  larger 
radial  plates.  After  the  latter  come  two  other  radial  plates  which  separate  the 
two  radial  shields  of  each  pair,  one  of  which  is  elongated,  narrow,  triangular,  with 
a  truncated  distal  apex;  the  other,  shorter,  is  also  triangular,  but  wider  than  long, 
with  the  proximal  apex  truncated.  In  the  interradial  spaces  also,  two  plates 
successively  appear:  One,  pentagonal  and  wider;  the  other,  quadrangular,  nar- 
rower, and  more  elongated.  Beside  these,  two  much  smaller  plates  are  observed 
at  the  margin  of  the  disk,  which  are  visible  also  from  the  ventral  face.  The  radial 
shields  are  large,  triangular,  and  separated  on  their  whole  length.  All  the  plates 
of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  uniformly  covered  with  rounded  granules  of  a  fairly 
large  size,  but  flattened,  put  close  together  but  not  in  contact. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  shows  in  the  interradial  space  and  out  of  the  large 
mouth  shield  a  single  plate,  which  is  large,  pentagonal,  as  wide  as  long,  with 
straight  sides,  and  the  obtuse  distal  angle  of  which  reaches  the  outer  margin  of  the 
disk,  where  the  two  above-mentioned  little  plates  are  also  to  be  seen.  The  genital 
plates  are  fairly  large  and  narrow,  four  times  longer  than  wide.  All  these  plates 
are  covered  with  granules  identical  with  those  of  the  upper  face;  these  granules, 
however,  disappear  in  the  proximal  region  of  the  genital  plates  and  of  the  median 
interradial  plate;  and  they  are  lacking  on  the  mouth  plates.  The  genital  slits, 
which  are  found  between  the  adoral  plates  and  the  mouth  shield,  are  extremely 
narrow,  short,  and  scarcely  visible. 

The  mouth  shields  are  fairly  large,  pentagonal,  with  an  acute  proximal  angle 
and  straight  sides;  they  are  longer  than  wide.  The  adoral  plates  are  fairly  large 
and  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide,  with  parallel  margins.  The  oral  plates 
are  triangular,  fairly  high.  The  oral  papillae,  the  outlines  of  which  are  very  distinct, 
amount  to  five  or  six  on  each  side.  The  external  papilla,  located  without  the  oral 
plate,  is  large,  wide,  quadrangular,  and  longer  than  wide;  the  other  papilla?  are  very 
much  lower:  the  second  and  third  are  rectangular,  longer  than  wide,  while  the 
other  two  or  three  are  smaller.  The  odd  terminal  papilla  is  also  very  small. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  visible  only  on  the  smaller  specimen,  and  even 
there  they  are  altogether  rudimental  and  scarcely  distinct;  they  extend,  however,  to 
almost  the  whole  length  of  the  arms.  On  the  larger  specimen,  the  first  upper  plate 
alone  is  preserved,  although  it  remains  rudimental,  and  the  following  ones  have 
completely  disappeared. 

The  first  brachial  under  plate  is  rather  small,  pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse 
proximal  angle,  and  its  distal  border  is  slightly  convex ;  this  plate  is  slightly  wider 
than  long.  The  second  plate  is  large,  triangular,  with  an  acute  proximal  angle 
and  a  straight  distal  side;  the  lateral  borders  are  sometimes  bent  into  two  small 
sides,  united  by  a  very  obtuse  angle,  which  gives  to  the  plate  a  pentagonal  shape. 


28  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

This  plate  is  as  wide  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  wide,  and  is  placed  close  to  the 
first  one,  though  not  touching  it.  On  each  side,  and  nearer  the  proximal  angle 
than  the-  distal  border,  is  a  slightly  developed  pore  covered  with  a  small  rounded 
scale.  The  third  brachial  under  plate  is  very  small,  triangular,  and  separated  from 
the  foregoing  by  an  interval  which  is  equal  to  about  half  its  length;  on  either  side 
of  that  plate  is  to  be  seen  a  very  small  pore  provided  with  a  rudimental  scale,  but 
this  pore  is  generally  located  on  the  corresponding  lateral  brachial  plate.  Further 
on,  there  are  no  more  brachial  ventral  plates. 

The  lateral  brachial  plates  alone  take  up  all  the  inner  faces  of  the  arms.  They 
are  slightly  protruding  on  the  sides,  and  the  successive  pairs  are  separated  by  a 
somewhat  sinuous  furrow,  both  on  the  upper  and  on  the  under  face.  Each  of  them 
carries  five  sharp  conical  spines  which  are  relatively  long  enough  for  an  Ophio- 
musium. 

The  granules  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  pass  uninterruptedly  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  lateral  plates  as  well  as  to  their  sides,  but  these  gramiles  grow  smaller 
as  they  are  farther  from  the  basis  of  the  arms  and  more  so  on  the  larger  specimen ; 
they  are  completely  wanting  on  the  under  part  of  the  arms. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  rugosum  is  allied  chiefly  to  0.  granulosum, 
Lyman  and  to  0.  relictum  Koshler.  0.  granulosum,  which  was  taken  by  the 
Challenger  at  a  depth  of  1,875  fathoms  (lat.  34°  N.;  long.  140°"  E.),  is  remarkable 
owing  to  the  very  minute  granules  which  cover  the  disk  plates  on  both  faces  and 
which,  instead  of  being  few  in  number  and  rounded,  are  very  dense  and  even  grow 
into  little  spines  on  the  margins  of  the  plates,  including  the  mouth  shields.  The 
oral  papillae  are  altogether  indistinct;  moreover,  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields 
and  of  the  genital  plates,  as  well  as  the  arrangement  of  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk, 
is  different  from  what  is  observed  on  0.  rugosum. 

0.  relictum,  which  was  dragged  up  by  the  Siboga  from  a  depth  of  469  meters 
(lat.  0°  29'  S.;  long.  130°  E.),  offers,  through  the  disposition  of  the  upper  plates 
of  the  disk,  a  very  great  likeness  to  0.  rugosum,  but  these  plates  have  no  tubercles 
except  near  the  outline  of  the  disk  and  their  margins  are  thicker,  while  they  are 
uniformly  granulous  in  0.  rugosum,  the  granulations  passing  even  from  the  upper 
face  of  the  disk  over  to  the  dorsal  and  lateral  parts  of  the  lateral  brachial  plates, 
at  least  on  a  certain  length  of  the  arms,  which  gives  to  the  new  species  a  very  different 
appearance.  The  brachial  spines  are  also  more  developed  in  0.  rugosum  than  in 
0.  relictum. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  SCULPTUM  Verrill. 

Plate  1,  fig.  9. 
Ophiormisium  sculptum  VERRILL  (99),  p.  16,  pi.  2,  fig.  2;  pi.  8,  fig.  2. 

Blake.    Two  miles  east  of  Havana;  200  fathoms.     One  specimen. 

The  species  has  been  described  by  Verrill  after  a  specimen  from  Havana  which 
had  been  dredged  between  110  and  260  fathoms. 

In  the  example  which  was  handed  to  me,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7.5  mm., 
and  the  arrangement  of  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  is  not  quite  in  accordance  with 
VerruTs  description  and  drawings;  still,  I  believe  it  is  one  and  the  same  species, 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  29 

and  the  differences  which  I  noted  are  due  very  likely  to  a  difference  in  the  ages 
of  the  specimens,  VerrilTs  type  being  larger  than  the  one  I  have  before  me,  since 
its  disk  reaches  9  mm. 

In  the  specimen  from  the  Blake,  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  are  fewer;  the 
centro-dorsal  plate  is  directly  in  contact  with  the  five  large  radial  primary 
plates,  without  any  intercalary  plates  lying  between  them,  as  stated  and  figured 
by  Verrill.  The  radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  contiguous  on  a  part  of  their 
length  and  the  triangular  plate  which  separates  them  distally  is  as  long  as  wide 
and  may  even  become  a  little  wider  than  long.  The  upper  plates  of  the  disk  carry 
fairly  large  granules,  but  these,  instead  of  being  irregularly  scattered  over  the 
plates,  are  located  chiefly  toward  their  external  margin,  a  disposition  existing 
especially  on  the  five  radial  primary  plates;  these  arrangements  give  to  the  upper 
face  of  the  disk  a  slightly  different  appearance  from  that  represented  by  Verrill. 
The  characters  of  the  under  face  of  the  disk,  of  the  mouth-pieces,  and  of  the  arms 
being  altogether  in  conformity  with  those  indicated  by  Verrill,  I  thought  my 
specimen  should  be  referred  to  the  same  species. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  SERRATUM  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  serratum  LYMAN  (82),  p.  85,  pi.  2,  figs.  1-3;  pi.  39,  fig.  10. 

Albatross  station  2345.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15" 
W.;  184  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  wh.  co.  One  specimen. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  TESTUDO  Ljnnan. 

Plate  3,  fig.  7. 

Ophiomusium  testudo  LYMAN  (75),  p.  8,  pi.  1,  figs.  6-8. 
Ophiomusium  testudo  LYMAN  (78),  p.  219. 
Ophiomusium  testudo  LYMAN  (82),  p.  99. 
Ophiomusium  testudo  LYMAN  (83),  p.  246. 
Ophiomusium  testudo  VERRILL  (99),  p.  14. 
Ophiomusium  testudo  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  297. 

Albatross  station  2342.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  201  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

The  specimen  is  not  altogether  in  conformity  with  Lyman's  description  and 
drawings;  it  differs  from  them  chiefly  in  having  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  more 
regularly  arranged  and  fairly  equal  in  size.  By  these  characters,  it  is  closely  allied 
to  two  specimens  kept  at  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  and  collected  by  the  expedi- 
tion of  the  Blake.  These  specimens,  which  were  given  by  Agassiz,  were  certainly 
determined  by  Lyman;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measures,  respectively,  6  and 
6.5  mm. ;  they  are  consequently  a  little  larger  than  Lyman's  type,  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  of  which  was  only  5.5  mm. 

In  the  specimen  from  the  Albatross,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  7  mm.; 
the  arms  are  preserved  to  a  length  not  exceeding  10  mm.  The  disk  is  pentagonal, 
with  rounded  angles.  The  upper  face,  fairly  convex,  is  covered  with  few  plates, 
the  size  of  which  is  uniform.  There  is  to  be  seen  one  large  polygonal,  centro- 
dorsal  plate,  out  of  which  comes  a  circle  of  small  radial  plates,  which,  moreover, 


30  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

are  irregular;  in  fact,  only  three  of  them  are  well  shaped,  the  fourth  one  is  rudi- 
mental,  and  the  fifth  one  completely  lacking.  Outwardly  there  is  another  circle  of 
five  larger  interradial  plates.  In  each  radial  space  there  is  a  row  of  three  plates;  the 
first  one  is  large  and  polygonal,  even  more  developed  than  the  centro-dorsal  one; 
the  two  succeeding  ones  separate  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair,  but  the  last 
one  is  very  small.  In  each  interradial  space  there  is  also  a  row  of  three  plates 
succeeding  the  primary  interradial  one;  the  first  one  is  about  as  large  as  the  said 
primary  interradial  plate,  the  second  one  is  a  little  more  elongated,  the  third  one,  on 
the  contrary,  which  is  located  at  the  margin  of  the  disk,  is  transversely  widened. 
Very  small  plates  are  sometimes  observed  between  the  first  and  the  second  inter- 
radial plates  which  I  have  just  indicated.  All  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the 
disk  are  plainly  polygonal  with  well-shaped  angles,,  whereas,  in  Lyman's  drawing 
they  are  quite  rounded,  the  centro-dorsal  one  excepted.  The  radial  shields,  which  are 
larger  than  the  other  plates,  are  triangular,  one  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide, 
their  length  being  a  little  inferior  to  the  radius  of  the  disk.  They  are  diverging, 
close  lying  or  contiguous  distally,  but  separated  on  their  whole  length.  The  arrange- 
ment of  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  which  I  have  just  described  is  repeated  exactly 
on  the  two  specimens  at  the  Jardin  des  Plantes. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  offers,  out  of  the  large  mouth  shield,  but  one  large 
median  plate  with  a  wide  proximal  side,  a  fairly  opened  distal  angle  and  two  convex 
lateral  sides ;  it  is  a  little  longer  than  wide.  This  shape  is  very  different  from  that 
in  Lyman's  drawing,  which  shows  it  to  be  transversely  oval  (75,  pi.  1,  fig.  6).  On 
one  of  the  specimens  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  this  median  plate  does  offer  the 
shape  which  I  have  just  described,  but  on  the  other  one  the  proximal  side  is  a  little 
convex,  the  distal  angle  is  rounded,  as  well  as  the  lateral  sides,  so  that  the  outline 
of  this  plate  tends  to  become  oval,  and  it  is  then  just  as  long  as  wide ;  in  one  of  the 
interradial  spaces  it  becomes  even  slightly  wider  than  long,  and  it  then  resembles 
Lyman's  drawing.  Two  very  small  plates,  which  succeed  the  large  median  plate  and 
are  placed  on  the  margin  of  the  disk,  complete  the  covering  of  the  under  face  between 
the  genital  plates.  The  latter  are  very  large,  elongated,  and  wide.  The  genital 
slits  are  very  small,  scarcely  distinguishable,  and  they  only  appear  on  a  part  of  the 
distal  side  of  the  adoral  plates. 

All  the  upper  and  under  plates  of  the  disk  bear  rounded  granules  which  are 
conspicuous  and  widely  separated. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  relatively  well  developed  on  the  specimen  from 
the  Albatross,  and  they  are  larger  on  Lyman's  type  and  also  on  the  two  specimens 
from  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  which,  in  this  respect  possess  the  arrangements  de- 
scribed by  Lyman.  These  plates  extend  the  whole  length  of  the  arm;  the  first 
two,  especially,  are  large,  but  their  size  rapidly  decreases. 

The  brachial  spines  are  generally  two  in  number;  and  yet  I  some  tunes  find 
three,  not  at  the  base  of  the  arms  but  about  the  middle,  and  these  are  found  both 
on  the  specimen  from  the  Albatross  and  on  the  two  specimens  of  the  Paris  Museum. 

The  type  of  0.  testudo  was  found  by  the  Hassler  at  Barbados  at  a  depth  of  100 
fathoms;  the  species  was  found  again  by  the  Blake  at  several  stations  in  the  West 
Indies  between  73  and  508  fathoms. 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  31 

OPHIOMUSIUM  VALIDTJM  Ljungmau. 

Ophiomusium  validum  LJUNOMAN  (71),  p.  618. 

Ophiomusium  validum  LYMAN  (78),  p.  114. 

Ophiomusium  validum  LYMAN  (78o),  p.  219,  pi.  5,  fig.  9. 

Ophiomusium  validum  LYMAN  (82),  p.  92,  pi.  1,  figs.  1-3;  pi.  39,  figs.  11-13. 

Ophiomusium  validum  LYMAN  (83),  p.  246. 

Ophiomusium  validum  KCEHLEK  (97),  p.  307. 

Ophiomusium  validum  KCEHLEK  (99),  p.  25. 

Ophiomusium  validum  H.  L.  CLARK  (01),  p.  244. 

Ophiomusium  validum  KCEHLER  (04),  p.  59. 

Ophiomusium  validum  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  297. 

Albatross  station  2350.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°- 10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  213  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2636.  Apr.  7,  1886.  Lat.  23°  10'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  18' 
45"  W.;  191  fathoms;  dead.  co.  sh.;  temp.  62.6°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross,  1886.     Off  Havana;  no  depth  mentioned.     One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  9  and  13  mm. 

In  the  drawings  of  0.  validum  published  by  Lyman,  the  two  radial  shields 
of  each  pair  are  represented  as  being  in  contact  on  almost  half  their  length,  but 
in  the  descriptions  given  by  the  same  writer,  it  is  not  definitely  stated  whether 
the  radial  shields  are  contiguous  or  separated;  Lyman  simply  writes  that  "they 
are  strongly  diverging  inward  and  separated  by  a  triangular  scale."  Lyrnan 
made  his  description  after  a  specimen,  the  disk  of  which  was  8.5  mm.  in  diameter. 
Now,  in  the  three  specimens  in  hand,  the  radial  shields  are  separated  on  their 
whole  length  by  several  successive  plates,  and  in  the  largest  specimen  (off  Havana), 
the  two  internal  or  radial  sides  of  the  shields  of  each  pair  are  parallel  and  the 
interval  which  separates  them  is  just  as  wide  as  the  interradial  space.  In  the  other 
two  examples,  the  radial  shields  are  lying  closer  distally,  even  more  so  in  the  sample 
from  station  2350,  and  they  are  slightly  diverging.  The  arrangement  of  the  radial 
shields  may  therefore  vary  as  the  age  increases.  In  Ljungman's  type,  the  disk 
of  which  was  12  mm.  in  diameter,  the  radial  shields  were  "sejuncta  intus  paullum 
divergentia."  *  The  other  characters  of  my  specimens  are  quite  in  accordance  with 
Lyman's  description  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  their  determination.  Besides, 
I  have  already  had  the  opportunity  of  pointing  out  a  few  variations  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  in  some  specimens  from  the  Indian 
Ocean  (97,  p.  307;  99,  p.  25;  04,  p.  59),  and  H.  L.  Clark  also  made  similar  remarks 
regarding  the  examples  which  came  from  Porto  Rico  (01,  p.  244). 

0.  validum  has  been  found  in  a  great  many  localities  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
between  60  and  1,518  fathoms.  The  Investigator  met  with  it  north  of  the  Laccadive 
Islands  (931  fathoms),  and  the  Siboga  in  Moluccan  waters  (230-600  fathoms). 

OPHIOMUSIUM  ARMIGERUM  Lyman. 

Plate  3,  fig.  1. 

Ophiomusium  armigerum  LYMAN  (78),  p.  109,  pi.  1,  figs.  21-22. 
Ophiomusium  armigerum  LYMAN  (82),  p.  86,  pi.  2,  figs.  7-9. 

Albatross  station  2754.  Dec.  5,  1887.  Lat.  11°  40'  N.;  long.  58°  33'  W.; 
880  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  38°  F.  One  specimen. 

1  Ofv.  K.  Vet.  Akad.  Forh.,  vol.  28,  p.  618. 


32  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7281.  Feb.  14,  1901.  Lat.  24°  13'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  58' 
15"  W.;  304  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  52°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  5.5  and  8  mm. 

In  the  type  described  by  Lyman,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  11  mm.  wide. 
I  observe  between  this  type  and  the  two  specimens  I  have  in  hand,  differences  of  the 
same  kind  as  those  which  I  have  indicated  above  in  0.  validum,  but  exactly  reversed. 
The  upper  plates  of  the  disk  are  fewer  and  larger,  and  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair,  instead  of  being  parallel  as  represented  by  Lyman,  are  slightly  diverging  and 
distally  contiguous.  The  primary  plates  are,  besides,  distinct. 

OPHIOMISIDIUM,  new  genus. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  the  genus  Ophiomusium  and  up  to  now  includes 
only  species  of  very  small  size.  The  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  few 
and  regularly  arranged;  the  interradial  spaces  of  the  under  face  are  extremely 
reduced  owing  to  the  more  or  less  considerable  widening  of  the  first  lateral  brachial 
plates,  chiefly  of  the  first  two;  thanks  to  that  widening,  the  arms,  which,  by  the 
way,  are  very  short,  are  broadly  united  to  the  disk  and  their  width  very  rapidly 
decreases  so  that  they  offer,  on  the  whole,  a  triangular  shape.  The  first  two 
widened  lateral  brachial  plates  carry  some  well-developed  spines  which  are  broad 
and  flattened.  Moreover,  the  first  under  brachial  plate,  instead  of  being  rudimental 
as  is  normally  the  case  in  the  genus  Ophiomusium,  offers  exactly  the  same  shape 
as  the  two  following  ones,  and  even  exceeds  them  in  size;  it  displays  on  each 
side  a  tentacular  pore  provided  with  a  scale  located  exactly  as  on  the  succeeding 
plates.  According  to  the  widening  of  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate  being  more  or 
less  important,  the  interradial  spaces  of  the  under  face  are  more  or  less  reduced 
and  they  may  even  be  completely  lacking;  in  the  latter  case  the  genital  slits  also  are 
lacking  while  they  do  exist  whenever  the  first  lateral  plate  is  less  developed. 

The  genus  Ophiomisidium,  thus  defined,  includes  three  species,  two  of  which 
are  already  known  and  had  been  classified  by  Lyman  in  the  genus  Ophiomusium, 
namely  0.  flabellum  and  0.  pulchellum;  the  third  one,  which  is  described  below 
under  the  name  of  0.  speciosum,  is  new. 

Certain  peculiarities  in  the  structure  of  0.  flabellum.  and  0.  pulchellum  had 
already  been  indicated  by  Lyman,  when  describing  these  two  species  which  had 
been  gathered  by  the  Challenger.  In  1893,  in  his  paper  on  the  Ophiopus  arcticus, 
Mortensen  formally  stated  that  these  two  species,  being  deprived  of  genital  slits, 
had  erroneously  been  referred  to  the  genus  Ophiomusium  and  that  they  ought  to 
constitute  a  separate  genus  (93,  p.  525);  this  naturalist  backed  his  statement 
also  on  the  peculiar  shape  of  the  first  under  brachial  plate  and  the  widening  of 
the  first  lateral  brachial  plates.  I  therefore  am  simply  naming  the  genus  which 
the  learned  Danish  naturalist  proved  should  be  introduced,  and  yet  the  genus  I  am 
proposing  does  not  absolutely  correspond  to  that  which  Mortensen  conceived.  In 
fact,  as  stated  above,  I  consider  the  genus  Ophiomisidium  to  be  characterized 
essentially  by  the  shape  of  the  first  under  brachial  plate  and  by  the  widening 
of  the  first  lateral  brachial  plates,  and  I  introduce  only  incidentally  in  the 
diagnosis  the  presence  or  absence  of  genital  slits.  Lyman  had  asserted  that 
the  genital  slits  were  lacking  in  0.  flabellum  and  0.  pulchellum,  and  Mortensen 


OPHIURANS   OF  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  33 

admitted  that  peculiarity  which,  alone,  would  be  sufficient  to  justify  a  generic 
separation.  Now,  I  have  been  able  to  see  such  slits  existing  not  only  on  a  speci- 
men of  0.  pulchellum  gathered  by  the  Albatross  (station  2625),  but  also  in  the  new 
species  to  which  I  allude  above,  0.  spetiosum;  these  slits  are  exceedingly  small, 
short,  and  narrow,  but  easily  discernible,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  their 
presence.  The  question  now  is  whether  the  absence  of  genital  slits  in  0.  flabellum 
and  their  presence  in  the  other  two  species  prevent  one  from  placing  all  three  in 
the  same  genus;  I  do  not  think  so,  as  all  the  other  characters  of  their  structure 
which  I  have  observed  are  in  conformity. 

It  is  beyond  dispute  that,  owing  to  the  considerable  widening  of  the  first 
lateral  brachial  plate  which,  with  its  congener,  covers  the  whole  interradial  under 
space  in  0.  flabellum,  there  remains  no  vacant  space  for  the  genital  slits.  But 
O.fldbellum  is  a  very  small  species  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed 
3.3  mm.,  and  the  arms  also  are  only  3.3  mm.  long;  the  question  may  be  asked 
whether  Lyman's  type  is  not  a  young  specimen,  in  which  case  one  might  imagine 
that  the  intercalation  of  new  plates  would,  as  the  animal  grows  older,  allow  genital 
slits  to  be  formed.  Whichever  be  the  case,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  peculiarities 
displayed  in  our  three  Ophiurans  by  the  ventral  and  lateral  brachial  plates  are 
amply  sufficient  to  make  the  introduction  of  a  new  genus  necessary,  and  I  also 
think  that  the  three  species  which  I  propose  to  classify  in  this  genus  are  too 
closely  allied  for  one  of  them  to  be  separated  from  the  other  two,  at  least  not  until 
the  discovery  of  new  specimens  has  enabled  us,  by  an  anatomical  study  of  these 
forms,  to  get  some  information  concerning  the  state  of  the  genital  organs,  chiefly 
in  0.  flabellum. 

It  will  perhaps  not  be  useless  to  recall,  in  this  connection,  that  in  1904  I  intro- 
duced a  new  genus  of  Ophiurans  which  also  shows  a  considerable  development 
of  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate,  and  to  which  I  gave  the  name  Ophiomidas  (04, 
p.  26).  I  placed  in  this  genus  two  new  Ophiurans  gathered  by  the  Siboga  (0.  alatum 
and  0.  reductum),  as  well  as  a  third  species  described  in  1878  by  Lyman  and  pro- 
visionally classified  by  him,  with  other  species,  in  the  genus  Ophiozona  under  the 
name  of  0.  dubia  (78,  p.  224).  It  happens  that  in  0.  alatum  and  0.  dubium  the 
disk  is  very  small,  its  diameter  not  exceeding  3.5  mm.,  and  the  first  lateral  brachial 
plate  is  remarkably  widened;  in  0.  dubium  it  even  covers  on  each  side  half  the 
interradial  under  space  and  it  joins  its  congener  on  the  interradial  median  line; 
Lyman  did  not  see  in  that  species,  nor  have  I  seen  in  0.  alatum,  any  genital  slits. 
On  the  contrary,  in  0.  reductum,  which  is  larger  and  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  reaches  from  6  to  7  mm.,  the  genital  slits  are  visible  and  extend  up  to  the 
edge  of  the  disk;  and  yet  they  are  partly  hidden  by  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate, 
which  is  much  less  widened  than  in  the  other  two  species. 

One  of  the  two  chief  characters  on  which  the  genus  OpMomisidium  is  based,  is 
the  very  peculiar  structure  of  the  first  under  brachial  plate.  Instead  of  being 
rudimental  and  compressed  on  both  sides  between  the  adoral  plates,  and  being 
thus  different  from  the  succeeding  plates,  which  are  from  two  to  four  in  number, 
and  are  large  and  provided  on  each  side  with  a  large  tentacular  pore,  such  as  is 
most  constantly  observed  in  all  the  known  species  of  the  genus  OpMomusium,  that 
first  ventral  plate  here  takes  on  a  great  development,  for  its  size  is  somewhat  superior 


34  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

to  that  of  the  second  plate  and  it  immediately  acquires  such  characters  as  are  dis- 
played only  on  that  second  plate  in  the  same  genus.  It  shows  on  each  side  a  large 
pore  provided  with  a  scale,  and  as  this  pore  corresponds  to  an  ambulacral  tube, 
the  result  is  certainly  an  important  modification  in  the  aquiferous  system,  such  as 
Mortensen  had  already  pointed  out.  It  is  obvious  that  this  structure  can  not  be 
modified  by  age,  and  even  if  it  were  proved  that  the  genus  OpTiiomisidium  includes 
only  young  forms,  it  would  nevertheless  constitute  a  generic  character  of  the  utmost 
value. 

The  second  character  of  the  genus  Ophiomisidium,  that  is  to  say,  the  widening 
of  the  first  lateral  brachial  plates,  shows  to  a  variable  degree  in  the  three  species 
of  that  genus  which  are  actually  known.  It  is  especially  conspicuous  in  O.fldbellum, 
where  the  first  lateral  plate  is  considerably  widened  and  completely  covers  the  inter- 
radial  under  space  while  at  the  same  time  it  leans  on  the  median  line  against  the 
front  one  and  takes  the  place  of  the  corresponding  genital  plate;  the  mouth  shield 
is  thus  pushed  back  toward  the  mouth  and  remains  rudimental.  In  0.  pulchellum, 
the  first  lateral  brachial  plate,  though  very  large,  does  not  extend  so  much  over  the 
interradial  space,  but  the  latter  nevertheless  remains  very  narrow  and  is  bounded 
chiefly  on  each  side  by  the  genital  plate.  Lastly,  in  0.  spedosum,  which  I  describe 
below,  the  first  lateral  plate  is  less  widened,  and  on  the  whole  length  of  the  inter- 
radial  space,  from  the  end  of  the  mouth  shield  to  the  margin  of  the  disk,  there  is  a 
large  median  plate  which  separates  the  genital  plates  throughout  their  whole  length. 
In  the  last  two  species,  the  bursse  find,  at  the  lower  face  of  the  disk,  a  sufficient 
space  to  make  their  opening  outwardly,  which  does  not  seem  to  be  the  case  in 
O.fldbellum. 

Type  of  the  genus. — OpTiiomisidium  spedosum,  new  species. 

OPHIOMISIDIUM  SPECIOSUM,  new  species. 
Plate  3,  figs.  3-4. 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  30°  44'  N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.;  440 
fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2761  (type-locality).  Dec.  26,  1887.  Lat.  15°  39'  N.;  long. 
38°  32'  54"  W.;  818  fathoms;  pter.  oz.;  temp.  39°  F.  Four  specimens. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32291,  U.S.N.M. 

In  the  largest  specimen  from  station  2761  the  disk  is  5  mm.  in  diameter,  the 
arms  are  also  5  mm.  long;  the  other  specimens  are  somewhat  smaller,  and  the  disk 
ranges  from  3.5  to  4.5  mm.  in  diameter.  The  two  specimens  from  station  2415  are 
very  small,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranging  between  2  and  2.5  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  thinner  at  the  edges,  and  is  continued,  without  any  well- 
defined  line  of  demarcation,  by  the  arms;  the  upper  face  is  very  strongly  convex, 
while  the  under  face  is  plane. 

The  arrangement  of  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  the  same  as  in 
0.  pulcheTlum  Lyman.  The  central  region  is  occupied  by  six  large  primary  plates, 
all  being  about  the  same  size;  the  centro-dorsal  plate  is  pentagonal,  and  the  radial 
plates  have  a  more  or  less  hexagonal  outline.  Next  come,  in  each  interradial  space, 
two  successive  plates ;  the  first  is  very  large,  pentagonal,  longer  than  wide  with  an 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  35 

obtuse  proximal  angle,  its  lateral  borders  are  parallel  and  its  distal  side  is  straight; 
the  second  plate,  which  is  located  near  the  margin,  is  smaller,  transversely  widened, 
and  wider  than  long.  The  radial  shields  are  large,  longer  than  wide,  polygonal  and 
sometimes  distally  rounded;  proximally  they  touch  the  corresponding  primary  radial 
plate  and  they  are  in  contact  with  one  another  on  two-thirds  of  their  length;  distally 
they  are  separated  by  a  little  triangular  plate.  All  these  plates  are  slightly  convex, 
but  they  do  not  offer  the  slightest  trace  of  tuberosity  or  swelling,  such  as  is  observed 
in  0.  pulchettum;  their  surfaces  are  covered  only  with  fine  granulations,  which  are 
smaller  on  the  plates  of  the  primary  rosette  and  become  a  little  more  conspicuous 
on  the  plates  of  the  disk  margin,  where  they  are,  however,  less  marked  than  on 
the  arms. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  very  much  reduced  in  the  intcrradial  spaces,  owing 
to  the  considerable  widening  of  the  first  two  brachial  articles;  this  reduction  is, 
however,  less  marked  than  in  0.  pulchellum.  The  middle  of  each  of  these  spaces  is 
occupied  by  a  large  elongated  plate  succeeding  the  mouth  shield  and  contiguous  to 
it  along  its  proximal  border;  this  plate,  which  is  narrow  in  its  proximal  part,  grows 
wider  and  wider,  so  that  its  distal  border,  strongly  convex,  is  two  or  two  and  a  half 
times  wider  than  the  proximal  side;  the  lateral  borders  are  divergent  and  straight. 
The  distal  side  of  this  median  plate  extends  slightly  under  the  interradial  plate 
which  occupies  the  margin  of  the  disk  on  the  upper  side,  and  may  be  seen  when 
looking  at  the  Ophiuran  from  the  upper  side.  On  each  side  of  the  median  plate 
there  is  a  very  large  and  elongated  genital  plate.  The  remnant  of  the  under  face  is 
occupied  by  a  little  triangular  plate.  The  genital  slits  are  small  and  very  short, 
not  exceeding  the  base  of  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate,  but  they  are,  nevertheless, 
easily  recognized ;  they  are  slightly  fusiform. 

The  mouth  shields  are  distant  from  the  mouth,  owing  to  the  width  of  the  oral 
and  adoral  plates,  and  their  middles  lie  nearer  the  margin  than  the  center  of  the 
disk.  They  are  rather  small,  pentagonal,  about  as  long  as  wide,  with  a  fairly 
open  proximal  angle  limited  by  two  straight  sides;  the  two  succeeding  sides  are 
about  as  long  as  the  preceding  ones;  they  join  outwardly  with  a  very  short  and 
straight  distal  border.  The  adoral  plates  are  fairly  large,  about  twice  and  a  half 
longer  than  wide,  with  parallel  sides.  The  oral  plates  also  are  well  developed  and 
twice  longer  than  wide.  The  oral  papilla?  are  not  distinct  and  they  form  a  thin, 
uninterrupted  fringe  along  the  oral  plates. 

All  the  plates  of  the  under  face  of  the  disk  are  covered  with  fine  granulations, 
which  become  a  little  stronger  toward  the  margin  and  appear  still  more  so  on  the 
brachial  plates. 

The  arms  are  very  broad  at  their  bases,  but  they  always  remain  quite  distinct 
from  the  disk;  they  are  relatively  short  and  their  length  is  equal  to  the  diameter 
of  the  disk.  I  count  no  more  than  eight  brachial  articles  when  looking  at  the 
Ophiuran  from  its  upper  face,  and  nine  on  the  under  side.  The  first  upper  brachial 
plate  is  very  much  wider  than  long,  its  proximal  side  being  concave,  and  its  distal 
side  convex;  it  is  in  contact  with  the  triangular  plate  which  separates  the  distal 
parts  of  the  radial  shields.  The  following  plates,  which  very  soon  grow  extremely 
small,  are  triangular;  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  side;  they 


36  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

are  at  first  wider  than  long,  they  afterwards  become  as  wide  as  long.  They  extend 
up  to  the  ends  of  the  arms  and  are  always  very  widely  separated  through  the  lateral 
plates.  The  granules  which  are  to  be  seen  on  their  surfaces  are  very  fine  and  much 
smaller  than  on  the  lateral  plates;  there  is  no  indication  of  tubercles  such  as  those 
which  are  known  to  exist  on  0.  pulcheUum. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  large  and  sensibly  longer  than  wide.  It  is  nar- 
rowed in  its  proximal  half  by  the  corresponding  tentacular  pores,  while  it  widens 
distally;  ithas  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  which  is  more  or  less  rounded,  lateral  borders 
which  are  very  concave  and  a  distal  side  which  is  widened  and  convex.  The  following 
plates  grow  rapidly  smaller,  and  they  are  widely  separated  by  the  lateral  plates. 
The  form  of  the  second  plate  resembles  that  of  the  first,  but  it  is  narrowed  to  a 
greater  extent  in  its  proximal  half,  while  it  widens  more  in  its  distal  region.  This 
form  becomes  exaggerated  on  the  succeeding  plates,  the  proximal  parts  of  which 
finally  disappear  altogether,  when  the  plates  assume  the  shape  of  a  triangle  with  an 
obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  most  convex  distal  side.  These  plates,  although  much 
reduced,  extend  to  the  ends  of  the  arms. 

The  lateral  plates  acquire  a  very  great  development  chiefly  on  the  under  side 
where  the  first  two,  principally,  are  considerably  widened.  The  first  plate  is  short 
and  very  wide;  the  second,  almost  as  wide  as  the  preceding  one,  is  somewhat  longer; 
the  third  and  the  fourth,  still  narrower,  grow  longer,  and  the  length  rapidly  increases 
in  the  following  plates,  while  the  width  decreases  more  and  more,  so  that  the  plates 
are  finally  much  longer  than  wide.  The  first  lateral  plate  carries  two  fairly  strong 
spines,  short  and  flattened,  truncated  at  their  ends  and  with  some  roughness  on 
their  borders;  on  the  second  plate  the  spines,  amounting  to  three,  have  the  same 
shape  as  the  preceding  ones,  but  they  are  longer  and  stronger;  the  third  plate  bears 
two  or  three  spines,  and  the  succeeding  plates  have  only  two  spines,  which  rapidly 
become  very  small. 

The  surface  of  the  first  lateral  brachial  plates  is  strongly  granulous.  The 
granules,  larger  than  on  the  other  plates,  are  rounded  and  widely  separated;  they 
grow  finer  as  they  lie  nearer  the  arm  ends. 

The  tentacular  pores  amount  to  five  pairs  on  each  arm,  and  they  are  provided 
each  with  one  fairly  large,  rounded  scale. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  speciosum  is  closely  allied  to  0.  pulcheUum 
(Lyman),  from  which  it  differs,  however,  first  in  having  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk 
and  arms  completely  deprived  of  these  tuberosities  which  impart  to  the  upper  face 
of  0.  pulcheUum  such  a  characteristic  appearance,  and  also  in  having  the  inter- 
radial  underspaces  more  widened,  owing  to  a  lesser  development,  in  breadth,  of  the 
first  brachial  articles.  The  mouth  shield  is  succeeded  by  a  single  median  plate; 
this  plate,  much  elongated  and  pretty  wide,  extends  from  the  mouth  shield  to  the 
margin  of  the  disk  and  separates  the  two  genital  plates  on  their  whole  length, 
which  is  not  the  case  in  0.  pulcheUum,  which  may  offer  either  the  arrangement 
indicated  by  Lyman  or  the  one  described  as  0.  pulcheUum  from  station  2625. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  37 

OPHIOMISIDIUM  PULCHELLUM  (Wyville  Thomson). 

Ophiomusium  pulchellum  WYVILLE  THOMSON,  The  Voyage  of  the  Challenger,  vol.  2,  1877, 

p.  67,  figs.  18-19. 

Ophiomusium  pidchellum,  LYMAN  (78),  p.  118,  pi.  5,  figs.  144-145. 
Ophiomusium  pulchellum  LYMAN  (82),  p.  96,  pi.  3,  figs.  1-3. 
Ophiomusium  pulchellum  LUDWIQ  (09),  p.  2. 
Ophiomusium  pukhellum  KCEHLEB  (07),  p.  266. 

Albatross  station  2625.  Oct.  21,  1885.  Lat.  32°  35'  N.;  long.  77°  30'  W.; 
247  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  4  mm.  and  the  length  of  the  arms,  when  measured 
from  their  insertion  on  the  disk,  is  5  mm. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  offers  the  plate  arrangement  so  characteristic  of 
0.  pulchellum  which  has  been  described  and  figured  by  Lyman;  but  on  the  under 
face  of  the  disk,  in  the  interradial  spaces,  I  observe  a  slightly  different  arrangement 
from  the  one  indicated  by  that  author.  Lyman  points  out  that,  following  the 
mouth  shield,  the  two  genital  plates  are  contiguous  on  a  large  part  of  their  length, 
and  they  are  separated  distally  only  by  a  median  plate  which  occupies  the  margin 
of  the  disk.  On  the  specimen  from  the  Albatross  the  mouth  shields  have  their 
proximal  angle  more  obtuse  and  the  distal  edge  more  rounded  and  convex.  Each 
of  them  is  followed  by  a  small,  short,  and  rounded  median  plate  which  separates 
the  genital  plates  along  a  certain  part  of  their  interradial  edge.  Thanks  to  the 
intercalation  of  that  plate,  which  Lyman  failed  to  mention,  the  two  genital  plates 
remain  contiguous  only  on  a  rather  short  space,  since  they  are  again  distally 
separated  by  the  odd  marginal  plate,  the  only  one  which  Lyman  does  mention  on 
the  median  interradial  line.  I  had  already  noticed,  in  the  samples  gathered  by  the 
Travailleur  and  the  Talisman,  that  this  median  plate  was  more  elongated  than  in 
Lyman's  type  (07  a,  p.  266).  I  may  add  that,  in  the  individual  from  the  Albatross, 
I  have  been  able  to  identify  the  genital  slits;  these  are  extremely  short  and  carried 
back  toward  the  proximal  end  of  the  genital  plates,  but  they  are  nevertheless 
plainly  recognizable.  These  slits  had  not  been  perceived  by  Lyman,  who  thought 
they  were  lacking,  and  their  discovery  is  all  the  more  interesting  owing  to  the 
fact  that  they  also  exist  in  0,  speciosum. 

OPHIOCTEN  HASTATUM  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Kcehler  (09),  p.  165. 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  30°  44'  N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.; 
440  fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2429.  June  13,  1885.  Lat.  42°  55'  30"  N.;  long.  50°  51'  W.; 
471  fathoms;  gy.  m.;  temp.  38.7°  F.  One  small  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2542.  July  7,  1885.  Lat.  40°  00'  15"  K;  long.  70°  42' 
20"  W. ;  129  fathoms;  s.  brk.  sh. ;  temp.  47.2°  F.  Two  small  specimens. 

Albatross  stations  2582-83.  Sept.  18,  1885.  Lat.  39°  50'  N.;  long.  71°  43'  W.; 
131-137  fathoms;  gn.  m. ;  temp.  47.2°  F.  Many  specimens  mixed  with  numerous 
Ophioglypha  sarsii. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  3.5  and  10  mm.,  but  is  generally  about 
6  or  7  mm. 


38  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Family  AMPHIUKID^E. 

OPHIOPHOLIS  ACULEATA  (Ltnnieus). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Koehler  (00),  p.  167. 

Grieg  (10),  p.  4. 

H.  L.  Clark  (11),  p.  128. 

Stissbach  und  Breckner  (11),  p.  249. 

Albatross  station  2027.  May  25,  1883.  Lat.  39°  58'  25"  N.;  long.  70°  37' W.; 
198  fathoms;  bu.  m.  and  s.;  temp.  43°  F.  Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2055.  Aug.  30,  1883.  Lat.  42°  32'  N.;  long.  68°  17'  W.; 
99.5  fathoms;  bu.  m.,  s.,  and  crs.  g.  One  small  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2063.  Aug.  31,  1883.  Lat.  42°  23'  N.;  long.  66°  23'  W.; 
141  fathoms;  s.  and  crs.  g.;  temp.  46°  F.  Ten  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2067.  Sept.  1,  1883.  Lat.  42°  15'  25"  N.;  long.  65°  48' 
40"  W.;  122  fathoms;  s.  and  g.;  temp.  46°  F.  Nine  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2422.  June  3,  1885.  Lat.  37°  08'  30"  N.;  long.  74°  33' 
30"  W.;  85  fathoms;  crs.  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  brk.  sh.  Several  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  1503.  July  22,  1890.  Six  miles  south  of  Saybrook  Light, 
Connecticut;  16.66  fathoms;  m.  sh.;  temp.  67°  F.  Three  specimens. 

Speedwell  station  234.  Sept.  24,  1878.  Off  Gloucester,  Massachusetts;  43 
fathoms;  sft.  br.  m.  Two  little  specimens. 

Grampus  station  646.  Aug.  2,  1894.  Lat.  50°  07'  00"  N.;  long.  64°  03' 
30"  W.  Four  specimens. 

Grampus  station  5015.     Numerous  specimens. 

Davis  Strait,  1879.     N.  P.  Scudder  (No.  90).     Eighteen  specimens. 

East  coast  of  North  America.     Three  specimens. 

OPHIOSTIGMA  ISACANTHUM  (Say). 

See  for  bibliography: 
Koehler  (13),  p.  363. 

Key  West.     Eight  specimens. 

Key  Largo.    Nine  specimens. 

No  Name  Key.     One  isolated  disk. 

Banks  near  Indian  Key.     One  isolated  disk. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7293.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Lat.  24°  42'  30"  N.;  long.  81°  55' 
52"  W.;  1\  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  20°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7419.  Jan.  22,  1903.  Five-eighths  mile  N.  J  E.  of  Hog 
Key;  7  feet;  rky.  One  specimen. 

In  most  specimens,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  3  and  5  mm. 

I  made  an  elaborate  study  of  0.  isacanfhum  in  the  above-mentioned  memoir, 
to  which  I  would  respectfully  refer  the  reader. 


OPHIUEANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  39 

HEMIPHOLIS  ELONGATA  (Say). 

Ophiura  elongate  SAY,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  5,  1825,  p.  146. 

Ophiolepis  elongata  MULLER  and  TEOSCHEL  (42),  p.  95. 

Ophiolepis  elongata  STIMPSON  (52),  p.  225. 

Ophiolepis  uncinata  AYRES  (52),  p.  250. 

Amphiura  elongata  LUTKEN  (59),  p.  115,  pi.  3,  fig.  1. 

Uemipholis  cordifera  LYMAN  (65),  p.  137,  pi.  1,  figs.  1-3. 

Hemipholis  cordifera  LJTJNGMAN  (66),  p.  322. 

Uemipholis  cordifera  LYMAN  (82),  p.  158. 

Hemipholis  elongata  IVES  (89),  p.  177. 

Hemipholis  cordifera  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  298. 

One  mile  inside  May  Kiver,  South  Carolina.     One  specimen. 

St.  Augustine,  Florida.     Some  dry  specimens. 

Trinidad.     Two  specimens. 

Eio  Janeiro.     Three  specimens. 

I  have  designated  this  species  by  the  name  of  H.  elongata  instead  of  H.  cordifera, 
under  which  it  is  usually  known,  especially  since  the  publication  of  Lyman's  work, 
first  because  the  name  elongata  had  been  applied  to  it  by  Say  in  1825,  and  again 
because  the  term  "cordifera"  has  produced  some  confusion,  which  I  think  is  due 
chiefly  to  Lyman  and  has  never  yet  been  pointed  out.  In  fact,  Lyman,  who,  in 
1865,  gave  an  excellent  description  of  the  species  with  which  we  are  dealing,  thought 
that  it  was  the  same  as  had  been  called  by  Bosc,  in  1 830,  Asterias  cordifera.  Now,  the 
latter  is  an  Amphiura  of  the  Amphiodia  section,  in  which  the  under  face  of  the  disk 
is  provided  with  scales;  Liitken  gave  that  synonymy  in  1859,  when  he  published 
a  good  description  and  some  figures  of  the  said  Amphiodia  which  he  called  AmpJiiura 
cordifera  (Bosc)  in  his  "Additamenta "  (59,  p.  115);  also  in  I860,1  when  he  called  it 
AmpJiiura  riisei.  In  1859,  in  the  same  volume  of  the  "Additamenta,"  he  pub- 
lished also  a  good  description  and  some  drawings  of  Amphiura  elongata,  (Say). 
The  two  species  described  by  Liitken  were  perfectly  distinct,  and  the  descriptions, 
as  well  as  the  figures  published  by  him,  were  excellent.  There  would  have  been,  con- 
sequently, no  difficulty  due  to  synonymy  concerning  Hemipholis  elongata  had  not 
Lyman,  in  1865,  adopting  the  generic  name  of  HemipJiolis  suggested  by  Agassiz, 
described  AmpJiiura  elongata  under  the  name  of  H.  cordifera,  thus  considering  this 
form  to  be  synonymous  with  Asterias  cordifera  Bosc.  Later,  in  1882,  he  published 
in  the  Reports  of  the  ChaUenger  (82,  p.  158)  a  synonymic  list  for  his  Hemipholis 
cordifera  which  contained  the  same  errors.  One  can  hardly  account  for  Lyman's 
considering  as  synonymous  two  forms  so  clearly  distinct  as  those  which  Liitken 
had  so  well  described  and  figured  under  the  names  of  Amphiura  elongata  and  A. 
cordifera. 

Consequently,  for  the  Hemipholis  distinguished  by  Say  in  1825  the  name  of 
elongata,  which  he  had  applied  to  it,  must  be  kept. 

1  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  7,  p.  258. 
6061°— Bull.  84—14 4 


40  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

There  is  now  a  second  question  of  denomination  to  be  discussed,  namely,  that 
referring  to  the  Amphiodia  which  Liitken  successively  designated  as  cordifera 
and  nisei.  I  have  had  in  hand  Liitken's  type  with  the  label  in  this  naturalist's 
own  handwriting,  and  this  label  reads  exactly:  "Amphipholis. — Amphiura  Riisei 
Liitken=A  cordifera  Liitken."  It  seems  therefore  that  the  name  of  nisei  was 
preferred  by  him,  and  considering  also  that  the  name  cordifera  might  lead  to  con- 
fusion, I  feel  rather  inclined  to  adopt  the  former,  for,  in  my  opinion,  the  rule  of 
priority  must  not  be  applied  with  such  strictness  as  to  procure  inconveniences  or 
facilitate  errors.  Besides,  I  beg  to  point  out  that  the  term  cordifera  has  been 
employed  only  by  Ljungman  (71,  p.  647),  who  classified  this  species  in  the  genus 
AmpJiipholis,  but  the  very  few  authors  who  have  written  about  it  since,  such  as 
Ludwig  in  1882  and  H.  L.  Clark  in  1901,  have  designated  it  under  the  name  of 
nisei.  The  same  denomination  was  adopted  also  by  Lyman  in  1875  (75,  p.  128) 
and  in  1882  (82,  pp.  125  and  146). 

OPHIACTIS  ASPERULA  (Phillppl). 

See  for  bibliography: 
Kcehler  (08),  p.  80. 

Albatross  station  2768.  Jan.  14,  1888.  Lat.  42°  24'  S.;  long.  61°  38'  30"  W.; 
43  fathoms;  dk.  s.  bk.  s.  Ten  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2770.  Jan.  16,  1888.  Lat.  48°  37'  S.;  long.  65°  46'  W.; 
58  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2773.  Jan.  17,  1888.  Lat.  52°  23'  S.;  long.  68°  11'  W.; 
10  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2775.  Jan.  18,  1888.  Lat.  52°  22'  30"  S.;  long.  69°  22'  W.; 
29.5  fathoms;  s.  st.  Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2777.  Jan.  19,  1888.  Lat.  52°  38'  S.;  long.  70°  10'  30"  W.; 
19.75  fathoms;  g.  Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2778.  Jan.  23,  1888.  Lat.  53°  01'  S.;  long.  70°  42'  15"  W.; 
61  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp. ;  temp.  49.9°  F.  Seven  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2779.  Jan.  23,  1888.  Lat.  53°  06'  S.;  long.  70°  40'  30"  W.; 
77.5  fathoms;  gn.  oz. ;  temp.  46.9°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Coast  of  Patagonia.     Two  dry  specimens. 

OPHIACTIS  DISPAR  (Verrill). 

Albatross  station  2146.  Apr.  2,  1884.  Lat.  9°  32'  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W.; 
34  fathoms;  brk.  sh. ;  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2369  (?).  Feb.  7,  1885.  Lat,  29°  16'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  32' 
W. ;  26  fathoms;  crs.  gy.  s.  brk.  sh.  Several  specimens. 

OPHIACTIS  DUPLICATA  (Lyman). 

See  for  bibliography : 
Kcehler  (00),  p.  171. 

Albatross  station  2117.  Jan.  17,  1884.  Lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30" 
W.;  683  fathoms;  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F.  Two  specimens. 


OPHIURANS   OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  41 

Albatross  station  2750.  Nov.  27,  1887.  Lat.  18°  30'  N.;  long.  63°  31'  W.; 
496  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.;  temp.  44.5°  F.  Seven  specimens. 

The  specimens  from  station  2750  have  their  first  upper  brachial  plate  divided 
into  two  almost  equal  halves,  according  to  the  drawing  published  by  Lyman  in  1865 
(65,  pi.  5,  fig.  78).  In  those  of  station  2117,  this  plate  is  single  and  its  disposition  is 
imilar  to  that  depicted  by  Lyman  in  the  Reports  of  the  Challenger  (82,  pi.  17,  fig.  10). 

OPHIACTIS   MULLERI   Lutken. 

See  for  bibliography : 
Lyman  (82),  p.  115. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  311. 

Albatross  station  2146.  Apr.  2,  1884.  Lat.  9°  32'  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W.; 
34  fathoms;  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  stations  2369-2374.  Feb.  7,  1885.  Lat.  29°  18'  to  29°  11'  N.; 
long.  85°  32'  to  85°  29'  W.;  25-27  fathoms.  A  few  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2406.  Mar.  15,  1885.  Lat.  28°  46'  00"  N.;  long.  84°  49'  W.; 
26  fathoms;  crs.  s.  co.  One  specimen. 

In  the  sample  from  station  2406,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  3  mm. ;  the  others 
are  smaller  and  their  diameters  do  not  exceed  2  mm.  Most  have  six  arms,  but 
some,  however,  have  only  five. 

OPHIACTIS  SAVIGNYI  (MUller  and  Troscbel). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Kcehler  (05),  p.  26. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  311. 
Kcehler  (13),  p.  355. 

Albatross  station  2374.  Feb.  5,  1885.  Lat.  29°  11'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  29'  W.; 
26  fathoms;  s.  g.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2409.  Mar.  18,  1885.  Lat.  27°  04'  X. ;  long.  83°  21'  15"  W.; 
26  fathoms;  crs.  gy.  s.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7293.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Lat.  24°  42'  30"  N.;  long.  81°  55' 
52"  W.;  7J  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  20°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  HawJc  station  7402.  Jan.  7,  1903.  Pigeon  Key  Lake;  9  feet;  s.  gs. 
Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7405.  Jan.  7,  1903.  Pigeon  Key  Lake;  10  feet;  rky.  One 
specimen. 

Key  West.     Dec.  2,  1903.    Main  Ship  Channel.     One  specimen. 

Dry  Tortugas,  1884.     Several  specimens. 

Spanish  Wells,  Eleuthera  Island,  Bahamas.     One  specimen. 

St.  Thomas,  1884.     Several  specimens. 

Pernambuco,  1875.     One  specimen. 

Abrothos  Islands.     Dec.  12,  1887.     Several  specimens. 

No  label.     One  specimen. 

All  the  specimens  are  provided  with  six  arms,  except  that  of  station  2409, 
which  has  seven. 


42  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

AMPHILEPIS  NORVEGICA  (Ljungman). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Kcehler  (09),  p.  181. 

Sussbach  and  Breckner  (11),  p.  251. 

Albatross  station  2043.  July  30,  1883.  Lat.  39°  49'  N. ;  long.  68°  20'  30"  W. ; 
1,467  fathoms;  glob.  oz. ;  temp.  38.5°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross,  1883.     Off  Cape  Hatteras.     Depth  not  mentioned.    Two  specimens. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between. 6  and  9.5  mm.  The  examples  are 
rather  incomplete,  especially  those  from  station  2043,  in  which  all  the  arms  are 
broken  from  their  very  bases. 

The  depth  of  1,467  fathoms  is  rather  considerable,  but  a  still  greater  one  (1,608 
fathoms)  has  been  noted  by  Verrill  (85,  p.  549). 

OPHIOPHRAGMUS  WUNDERMANI  (Lyman). 
Plate  8,  figa.  1-2. 

Amphiura  wundermani  LYMAN  (61),  p.  169. 
Ophiophragmus  wundermani  LYMAN  (65),  p.  132. 
Amphiura  wundermani  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  648. 
Ophiophragmus  wundermani  LYMAN  (82),  p.  159. 

Trinidad.    Jan.  30-Feb.  2,  1884.    A  few  examples. 

The  specimens  are  quite  in  conformity  with  Lyman's  descriptions.  I  notice 
only  that  the  marginal  scales  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  generally  less  erect 
and  less  distinct  than  in  the  other  species  of  the  same  genus. 

0.  wundermani  has  never  been  figured.  I  beg  to  present  here  two  illustrations 
of  one  of  the  specimens  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  (pi.  8,  figs.  1, 2). 

This  species  had  not  before  been  reported  except  on  the  coasts  of  Florida. 

OPHIOCNIDA  FILOGRANEA  Lyman. 

Ophiocnida  filogranea  LYMAN  (75),  p.  20,  figs.  88-89. 
Ophioenida  filogranea  LYMAN  (82)  pp.  153  and  155. 
Ophioenida  filogranea  VERRILL  (99a),  p.  317. 

Cedar  Keys,  Florida.     Six  specimens. 

Sarasota  Bay,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Puntarasa,  Florida.     Feb.,  1884.     One  specimen. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  Florida.     Mar.,  1887.     One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  4.5  and  6  mm. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  second  group  of  Ophioenida  of  Verrill,  in  which 
the  disk  scales  are  partly  bare,  partly  provided  with  granules  or  very  short  spinules, 
or  both,  and  in  which  are  included  0.  filogranea,  loveni  (Ljungman)  and  liltkeni 
(Ljungman). 

OPHIOCNIDA  LOVENI  (Ljungman). 

PlateS,  figs.  7,8. 

Ophiophragmus  loveni  LJUNGMAN  (66a),  p.  165. 
Ophiocnida  loveni  LYMAN  (75),  p.  21. 
Ophiocnida  loveni  LYMAN  (82),  pp.  153  and  155. 
Ophiocnida  loveni  VERRILL  (99o),  p.  317. 

Ljungman  who  first  described  this  species  had  included  it  in  the  genus  Ophio- 
phragmus. Lyman  made  of  it  an  Ophiocnida,  which  is  more  correct,  and  connects 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITE0  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  43 

it  with  O.filogranea  (75,  p.  21),  from  which  he  distinguishes  it  chiefly  by  the  shape 
of  the  oral  papillae.  Ljungman's  description  is  fairly  complete,  but  it  will  not  be 
useless  to  insist  on  the  differences  which  separate  the  two  species,  since  O.filogranea 
is  found  in  the  collections  gathered  by  the  Albatross. 

Ljungman's  type  is  preserved  in  the  Stockholm  Museum  and  I  have  been  able 
to  study  it,  thanks  to  the  kindness  of  Professor  The'el.  It  is  represented  only  by  a 
single  specimen  from  Rio  de  Janeiro ;  the  disk  is  6  mm.  in  diameter  and  the  arms  are 
from  30  to  32  mm.  long;  they  are  consequently  much  shorter  than  in  O.filogranea. 

The  upper  face  is  covered  with  fairly  large  plates  which  are  unequal  and 
polygonal,  without  the  slightest  indication  of  primary  plates.  The  radial  shields 
are  triangular,  one  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide  and  not  twice  so,  as  stated 
by  Ljungman;  they  are  contiguous  only  on  half  their  length  and  proximally 
remain  separated  by  a  fairly  wide  triangular  space,  which  is  beset  by  a  few  plates. 
The  spines  do  not  appear  until  on  the  margin  of  the  disk,  as  is  also  the  case  with 
0.  filogranea,  but  they  extend  over  the  whole  under  face,  whilst  in  the  latter  species, 
they  cover  only  a  peripheric  triangular  area  which  is  more  or  less  reduced.  The 
mouth  shields  are  about  as  long  as  wide  and  even  a  little  wider  than  long;  they  are 
lozenge-shaped  with  a  truncated  distal  angle.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  thick, 
and  wider  outwardly  than  inwardly.  The  three  oral  papillae  are  flattened  and  they 
all  come  up  to  the  same  height,  but  the  external  papilla  is  wider  than  the  others. 
These  various  characters  of  the  mouthpieces  clearly  separate  0.  loveni  from  O.filo- 
granea. Finally,  the  upper  brachial  plates  are  less  wide  in  the  former  than  in  the 
latter  species  and  their  shape  is  rather  triangular  with  an  obtuse  and  rounded 
proximal  angle;  the  under  plates  are  plainly  pentagonal  with  an  obtuse  proximal 
angle  instead  of  being  rectangular  as  in  O.filogranea. 

OPHIOCNIDA  SCABRTUSCULA  (Llitken). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (89a),  p.  317. 

Key  West,  Florida.     1885.     Eight  specimens. 
Diameter  of  disk  included  between  4  and  6  mm. 

AMPHILIMNA  OLIVACEA  (Lyman). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (99a),  p.  318. 

Albatross  station  2646.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  47'  N.;  long.  80°  05'  W.; 
85  fathoms;  gy.  s.  for.  Twelve  specimens. 

The  arms  which  are  very  long,  are  broken  in  pieces.  The  diameter  of  the 
disk  generally  ranges  between  5  and  10  mm.,  and  in  two  specimens  it  does  not 
exceed  3  mm. 

A.  olivacea  was  formerly  classified  in  the  genus  OpMocnida  from  which  it  was 
removed  in  1899  by  Verrill  who  made  it  the  type  of  his  new  genus  Amphilimna. 

This  species  has  been  met  with  at  several  places  off  the  eastern  coast  of  the 
United  States;  it  extends  from  Marthas  Vineyard  as  far  down  as  the  coasts  of 
Florida  and  appears  also  in  the  West  Indies.  It  lives  between  40  and  192  fathoms. 


44  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIONEREIS  RETICULATA  (Say). 

See  for  bibliography : 

Lyman  (82),  p.  162. 

Lyman  (83),  p.  253. 

Ives  (89),  p.  177. 

Ltitken  and  Mortensen  (09),  p.  162,  pi.  13,  fig.  10. 

H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  249. 

H.  L.  Clark  (Ola),  p.  340. 

Koehler  (07),  p.  315. 

KoeMer  (07a),  p.  274. 

Koehler  (13),  p.  360. 

Albatross  station  2138.  Feb.  29,  1884.  Lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  W.; 
23  fathoms;  co.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2758.  Dec.  16,  1887.  Lat.  6°  59'  30"  S.;  long.  34°  47'  W.; 
20  fathoms;  brk.  sh.;  temp.  79°  F.  Several  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7209.  Dec.  9,  1901.  North  Key.  Lat.  28°  52'  45"  N.; 
long.  83°  07'  W.;  5f  fathoms;  rky.;  temp.  16.1°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fisti  Hawk  station  7257.  Jan.  28,  1902.  Highland.  Lat.  27°  55'  30"  N.; 
long.  83°  11'  30"  W.;  13  fathoms;  hrd.  and  c.;  temp.  16.4°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7429.  Jan.  27,  1902.  Hawk  Channel;  14  feet;  rky.  One 
specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7467.  Feb.  19,  1902.  Grecian  Shoals;  2f  fathoms.  One 
specimen. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Several  specimens. 

Indian  Key.     Eight  specimens. 

Tortugas  Reef.     One  dry  specimen. 

Dry  Tortugas.     One  specimen. 

Green  Cay,  Bahamas.     One  specimen. 

Hungry  Bay,  Bermudas.     Four  specimens. 

Abrolhos  Islands.     Three  specimens. 

OPHIONEREIS  SQDAMULOSA  Koehler,  new  name. 
Ophionereis  squamata  KCEHLER  (13),  p.  560,  pi.  21,  figs.  4-6. 

Albatross  station  2758.  Dec.  16,  1887.  Lat.  6°  59'  30"  S.;  long.  34°  47'  W.; 
20  fathoms;  brk.  sh.;  temp.  79°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Diameter  of  the  disk,  2.5  to  3  mm. 

I  had  an  opportunity  of  noting  these  two  specimens  when  describing  the  species 
in  the  above-mentioned  memoir,  from  an  example  which  had  been  caught  in  the 
West  Indies  by  Messrs.  Kiikenthal  and  Hartmeyer. 

After  having  described  this  Ophiuran  in  1913,  I  noticed  that  the  name  Ophio- 
nereis squamata  had  been  applied  by  Ljungman,  hi  1 866,  to  the  Ophionereis  which  had 
been  described  in  1860  by  Lyman  under  the  name  of  0.  porrecta.  Although  the  first 
of  these  words  has  disappeared  from  science,  owing  to  its  having  fallen  into 
synonymy,  I  propose,  in  order  to  avoid  all  chance  of  equivocation,  to  replace  the 
name  of  0.  squamata  by  that  of  0.  squamulosa. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  45 

OPHIOPSILA  RIISEI  Liitken. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (99),  p.  23. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  246. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  328. 
Keehler  (07),  p.  315. 

Albatross  station  2649.  Apr.  12,  1886.  Lat.  23°  34'  N.;  long.  76°  33'  W.; 
36  fathoms;  co.  s.;  temp.  74.2°  F.  A  single  arm. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7151.  Nov.  7,  1901.  Deadman's  Bay.  Lat.  29°  43'  40" 
N.;  long.  83°  49'  45"  W.;  5J  fathoms;  c.;  temp.  20.5°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7467.  Feb.  19,  1903.  Grecian  Shoals,  Florida;  2J  fathoms; 
barry  and  s.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7482.  Mar.  7,  1903.  Biscayne  Bay  Key,  Florida;  If 
fathoms;  barry.  One  specimen. 

Fish  HawTc  station  7484.  Mar.  7,  1903.  Biscayne  Bay  Key,  Florida;  2 
fathoms;  s.  grs.  One  specimen. 

FisTi  Hawk  station  7493.  Mar.  10,  1903.  Card  Sound,  Florida;  1§  fathoms; 
barry.  One  specimen. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Three  specimens. 

Florida.     Two  dry  specimens. 

OPHIOPSILA  MACULATA  (Verrill). 

Amphipsila  maculata  VEHRILL  (99),  p.  55. 

Albatross  station  2138.  Feb.  29,  1884.  Lat,  17°  44'  05"  N. ;  long.  75°  39'  W. ; 
23  fathoms;  co.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2167.  May  1,  1884.  Lat,  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30" 
W.;  201  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

The  two  samples  are  not  in  good  condition. 

AMPHIURA  FLEXUOSA  LJungman 
Plate  4,  figs.  1-2. 

Amphiura  flexuosa  LJUNGMAN  (66),  p.  319. 
Amphiura  flexuosa  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  643. 
Amphiura  flexuosa  LTMAN  (76),  p.  17. 
Amphiura  Jlexuosa  LYMAN  (82),  pp.  124  and  144. 
Amphiura  Jlexuosa  H.  L.  CLARK  (01),  p.  247. 

A,  Jlexuosa  was  described  by  Ljungman  from  a  single  specimen  which  came 
from  the  Brazilian  coast,  and  which  is  very  likely  littoral.  The  characters  of  this 
species  were  stated  again  by  the  same  writer  in  the  table  of  Amphiuridse  pub- 
lished by  him  in  1871,  where  he  classified  it  among  the  species  with  bare  under  face 
of  disk.  Notwithstanding  certain  characters  which  have  been  plainly,  though 
very  briefly,  indicated  by  Ljungman,  the  species  does  not  seem  to  have  been  easily 
recognized  after  this  writer.  Lyman,  who  had  first  referred  to  that  species  in  1875, 
an  Amphiura  found  in  the  waters  of  Barbados  at  100  fathoms  depth,  separates  it 
under  the  name  of  A.  palmeri  in  the  synoptical  table  of  the  species  of  Amphiurse 
of  the  CTiaUenger.  According  to  Lyman,  this  latter  species  is  characterized 
chiefly  by  the  presence  of  plates,  little  apparent,  on  the  under  face  of  the  disk, 
and  by  the  shape  of  the  second  and  third  under  spines  having  each  a  hook-shaped 


46  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

extremity.  H.  L.  Clark  has  reported  A.  flexuosa  at  Porto  Rico  in  a  depth  ranging 
between  162  and  171  fathoms,  but  he  points  out  that  the  second  under  spine  of  his 
specimen  has  its  extremity  bent.  We  will  see  further  that  Ljungman's  type  does 
not  offer  this  character. 

I  have  had  in  hand  a  certain  number  of  AmphiuridaB  of  the  West  Indies, 
either  from  the  Albatross  Expeditions  or  from  Messrs.  Kukenthal  and  Hartmeyer's 
voyage,  some  of  which  have  the  under  face  of  the  disk  bare,  while  the  others  have 
it  covered  with  scales;  in  some  of  them  also  the  spines  are  variably  bihamuled, 
and  for  certain  specimens,  a  comparison  with  A.flexuosa  was  indispensable.  Before 
anything  else,  I  thought  it  necessary  to  determine  accurately  the  characters  of 
this  species  and  to  study  its  type  as  minutely  as  possible;  thanks  to  Professor 
The'ePs  kindness  I  was  able  to  secure  the  loan  of  this  type,  and  I  think  it  useful 
to  give  here  a  description  with  some  illustrations.  Unfortunately,  the  specimen  is 
not  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation  and  the  disk  is  incomplete,  but  the  characters 
can  nevertheless  be  perfectly  well  discerned. 

Ljungman  says  that  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  about  7  mm.,  but  it  seems  to  me 
to  scarcely  reach  that  figure;  the  longest  arm  is  preserved  to  a  length  of  over  45  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  very  deeply  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The 
upper  face  is  covered  with  fairly  large  imbricated  plates  which  are  subequal,  and 
become  smaller  in  the  middle  of  the  interradial  spaces  and  a  little  larger  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  radial  shields.  The  latter  are  triangular,  very  long  and  narrow, 
with  a  narrow  basis  and  a  very  acute  proximal  angle;  they  are  fairly  divergent, 
contiguous  distally  on  about  a  third  of  their  length  and  separated  proximally  by 
several  rows  of  plates;  as  indicated  by  Ljungman,  their  length  is  equal  to  half  the 
radius  of  the  disk. 

The  upper  plates  of  the  disk  extend  over  to  the  under  face  and  they  form 
around  that  face  a  narrow  peripheric  border  which  is  very  sharply  limited  inwardly, 
but  all  the  rest  of  the  Tinder  face  is  absolutely  devoid  of  plates;  it  displays  only  a 
thin  and  transparent  tegument,  slightly  plaited  and  dark-colored.  The  genital  plates 
are  elongated  and  narrow;  the  genital  slits  are  very  conspicuous  and  rather  wide. 

The  mouth  shields,  almost  as  long  as  wide,  are  rather  small  and  their  shape 
may  be  compared  to  a  triangle  with  a  strongly  convex  proximal  basis,  excavated 
lateral  borders  which  join,  by  rounded  angles,  a  straight  and  narrow  distal  side 
which  represents  the  truncated  apex  of  the  triangle.  It  might  also  be  said  that 
these  shields  have  a  pentagonal  shape  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal 
angle,  limited  by  convex  sides,  slightly  excavated  lateral  edges,  and  a  small  distal 
edge.  The  adoral  plates  are  triangular,  with  an  almost  straight  distal  side,  and 
two  other  deeply  excavated  sides;  these  plates  are  limited  to  the  sides  of  the  mouth 
shield,  and  their  rounded  internal  angles  are  widely  separated  on  the  interradial 
median  line;  distally,  they  become  wider  and  form  a  narrow  blade  which  separates 
the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  high 
and  rather  narrow.  The  external  oral  papilla  is  conical,  spiniform,  fairly  strong, 
and  ends  in  an  obtuse  point;  it  is  obliquely  erect;  the  internal  papilla  is  thick  and 
oval ;  between  these  two  papillse  there  is,  on  a  higher  level,  an  intermediate  papilla 
which  is  directed  horizontally  and  is  of  conical  shape,  but  it  is  thinner  and  more 
pointed  than  the  external  one. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  47 

The  upper  brackial  plates  are  not  very  large;  they  are  as  a  whole  rounded  or 
oval,  and  they  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  distinct  sides ;  they  offer  a  narrow  proximal 
side  which  is  slightly  excavated  at  the  beginning  of  the  arms  and  a  strongly  convex 
distal  side.  The  first  eight  or  ten  plates  are  rather  small,  almost  as  long  as  wide; 
they  become  progressively  larger  and  at  the  same  time  wider  than  long. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  with  a  widened  proximal 
side,  a  narrow  distal  side,  and  diverging  lateral  sides;  it  is  a  little  wider  than  long. 
The  succeeding  plates  are  middle-sized  and  rather  narrow;  they  are  quadrangular, 
a  little  longer  than  wide,  with  rounded  angles,  a  little  more  widened  in  their  proximal 
region;  the  proximal  side  is  actually  divided,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  basis, 
into  one  fairly  wide  median  side  and  two  little  oblique  lateral  sides.  All  these  plates 
are  contiguous. 

The  lateral  brachial  plates  carry  six  spines  each  as  indicated  by  Ljungman. 
The  first  ventral  spine  is  about  as  long  as  the  article;  it  is  fairly  thick,  cylindrical, 
with  a  rounded  point.  The  following  one  is  a  little  larger;  it  is  fairly  wide  at  its 
basis,  but  it  rapidly  grows  thinner  and  its  point  is  sharper  than  that  of  the  foregoing 
one.  Afterwards,  the  length  of  the  spines  decreases  very  slowly  down  to  the 
last  dorsal  one  which  is  lightly  flattened  but  sharp,  a  shape  which  was  already 
beginning  to  appear  in  the  preceding  spine.  The  end  of  the  lateral  spines  is  simply 
pointed  and  absolutely  straight;  it  is  neither  truncated  nor  bent  sideways  into  a 
little  hook,  neither  is  it  provided  with  spinules;  their  surface  is  perfectly  smooth 
on  their  whole  length.  The  exact  shape  of  the  brachial  spines  of  A.  flexuosa  has 
been  correctly  observed  by  Ljungman  and  in  the  table  of  the  species  of  Amphiuridae 
published  by  him  in  1871,  he  sets  A.  semiermis  and  flexuosa  which  have  "spinse 
brachiales  acuminatse,  non  complanatae,  teretes"  in  opposition  to  A.  latispina 
and  kinbergi  which  have  "spinse  brachiales  obtusse,  plus  minus  complanatae, 
latiusculas." 

The  tentacular  brachial  pores,  rounded,  are  very  large  while  the  tentacular 
scales,  amounting  to  two,  are  extremely  small ;  these  scales  are  rounded  and  arranged 
oblique  to  one  another;  the  external  scale,  which  is  inserted  on  the  lateral  plate, 
is  a  little  larger  than  the  other  and  tends  to  assume  an  oval  shape.  These  scales 
do  not  really  take  their  definite  characters  until  after  the  first  two  or  three  brachial 
articles  on  which  they  may  either  be  lacking  or  limited  to  one  only. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  whitish  on  the  upper  face  and  brownish 
on  the  under  face. 

Connections  and  differences. — The  species  of  the  genus  AmpMura  (e.  lat.)  are, 
generally,  separated  from  one  another  by  very  obvious  and  easily  distinguishable 
characters ;  if  it  has  sometimes  been  found  difficult  to  determine  them,  it  has  been 
due  more  to  insufficient  descriptions  and  to  the  lack  of  drawings  than  to  the 
existence  of  intermediate  forms.  If  we  abide  by  the  characters  which  we  have 
just  observed  in  Ljungman's  type,  which  is  evidently  the  only  one  which  can  be 
taken  as  a  standard,  we  shall  say  that  A.  flexuosa  is  distinguished  by  the  fol- 
lowing chief  characters: 

1.  The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  bare,  the  upper  plates  pass  over  somewhat 
to  that  face  in  the  shape  of  a  marginal  and  rather  narrow  border,  but  the  said  face 
may  be  considered  as  remaining  bare ;  a  like  border  is  often  observed  in  other  species 


48  BULLETIK  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

with  bare  under  face  of  the  disk  and  it  is  undoubtedly  due  to  a  contraction  of  the 
tissues  of  the  animal  when  it  was  put  into  alcohol. 

2.  The  tentacular  scales  amount  to  two  and  are  all  very  small. 

3.  The  brachial  spines  amount  to  six;  they  are  pointed  and  absolutely  deprived 
of  a  terminal  hook. 

4.  The  radial  shields  are  very  much  elongated.    The  mouth  shields  display 
a  peculiar  shape  with  a  convex  proximal  side  and  the  external  oral  papilla  isspini- 
form. 

5.  Lastly,  the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates  are  narrow  and  the  latter  are 
longer  than  wide. 

Any  Amphiura  which  does  not  possess  the  above  characters  can  not  be  called 
A.  flexuosa. 

When  reporting  AmpMura  flexuosa  from  Porto  Kico,  H.  L.  Clark  indicated  that 
the  second  spine  of  his  example  was  bent;  if  we  adhere  strictly  to  the  above-mentioned 
characters  we  may  suppose  that  this  was  not  Ljungman's  species.  As  the  specimen 
comes  from  a  considerable  depth  (162-171  fathoms),  it  is,  perhaps,  an  A.  palmeri. 

As  regards  the  latter  species,  the  examination  which  I  was  able  to  make  of 
A.  flexuosa  confirms  my  opinion  that  the  distinction  laid  down  by  Lyman  between 
this  species  and  A.  palmeri  is  perfectly  justified.  The  information  given  by  Lyman 
about  A.  palmeri  is,  unfortunately,  too  short;  however,  the  shape  of  the  spines 
following  the  first  ventral  which  offer  a  small,  bent,  terminal  hook  is  of  itself  sufficient 
to  separate  the  two  species.  One  may  see  also  by  Lyman's  drawings  that  the  mouth 
shields  have  a  different  shape.  As  to  the  shape  of  the  external  oral  papilla,  it  does 
not  seem  to  me  to  have  been  clearly  indicated  by  Lyman;  this  writer,  in  fact,  states 
that  it  can  scarcely  be  called  "spiniform,"  while  in  his  drawing  he  represents  it  as 
being  quite  clearly  widened  and  squamiform. 

Owing  to  these  facts  and  the  want  of  a  sufficient  description,  it  is  very  difficult 
to  form  an  accurate  idea  of  what  A.  palmeri  may  be.  In  1907  (07  a,  p.  279)  I 
referred  to  this  species  some  Amphiurse  which  came  from  the  expeditions  of  the 
TravaiUeur  and  the  Talisman,  in  which  the  external  oral  papilla  was  very  thick, 
conical,  and  erect,  but  not  squamiform;  the  under  face  of  the  disk  was  bare,  but 
the  brachial  spines  generally  amounted  to  more  than  six,  and  the  second  and 
third  ones  most  generally  carried  at  their  ends  two  opposite  hooks,  which,  besides, 
were  often  unequal,  instead  of  the  single  one  indicated  by  Lyman.  I  am 
inclined  to  consider  these  specimens  as  belonging  to  another  species  and  to  join 
them  with  the  AmpJiiura  which  I  describe  below  under  the  name  of  A.  kinbergiensis. 
I  shall  deal  with  that  question  again  when  studying  this  latter  species. 

AMPHItTRA  LATISPINA  Ljungman. 
Plate  4,  figs.  5-6. 

Amphiura  latispina  LJUNGMAN  (66),  p.  320. 
Amphiura  latispina  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  643. 

This  species  is  known  only  from  a  single  specimen  from  the  mouth  of  the 
La  Plata  River.  It  is  interesting  from  several  (points  of  view,  and  among  others, 
because  it  is  very  near  A.  "kinbergi,  which  I  believe  I  have  found  again  in  the 
collections  of  the  Albatross.  Unfortunately,  the  latter  species,  which  was  also 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  49 

introduced  by  Ljungman,  was  never  described  by  him  and  we  know  it  only  by  the 
very  short  comparison  which  he  made  between  the  said  species  and  A.  latispina. 
These  two  species  belong,  together  with  A.flexuosa  and  A.  semiermis,  to  the  group 
wlu'ch  Ljungman  had  separated  from  the  other  Amphiuridae  under  the  name  of 
Hemilepis,  owing  to  the  lack  of  plates  on  the  under  part  of  the  disk.  It  seems 
useful  to  me  to  describe  with  some  detail  A.  latispina,  so  as  to  possess  the  elements 
of  a  comparison  with  the  species  which  I  describe  below  under  the  name  of  A.  Tcin- 
bergiensis. 

In  Ljungman's  type  the  disk  is  about  7  mm.  in  diameter,  measured  between 
two  nonconsecutive  angles  of  the  disk,  and  one  of  the  arms  is  preserved  to  a  length 
of  nearly  40  mm. 

The  disk  is  very  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The  upper  face 
is  not  uniformly  and  completely  covered  with  scales,  for  there  is  in  the  middle  of 
each  interradial  space  one  triangular  region  which  remains  bare.  The  plates  appear 
first  in  the  central  region  where  they  are  imbricated,  small  and  equal,  and  they 
continue  in  the  direction  of  the  radii,  so  as  to  surround  each  pair  of  radial  shields 
with  a  certain  number  of  rows ;  these  plates  grow  larger  and  larger  as  they  get  nearer 
to  the  radial  shields.  As  a  rule,  the  interradial  spaces  are  bare,  as  I  have  just 
stated,  but  in  two  of  them  I  observe  four  or  five  little  rounded  plates  which  are 
transparent  and  not  in  contact.  The  appearance  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  of 
this  Amphiura  is  consequently  rather  peculiar.  The  radial  shields  are  pretty  large, 
elongated,  narrow,  four  or  five  times  longer  than  wide,  and  wider  distally  than 
proximally;  they  join  distally  on  one-third  of  their  length,  and,  proximally,  they 
go  progressively  apart  from  each  other  without,  however,  becoming  very  divergent. 
The  very  narrow  interval  which  separates  them  is  also  quite  bare.  The  length  of 
these  shields  is  almost  equal  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  bare;  however,  in  one  of 
these  spaces  I  notice  a  few  rounded  plates,  which  are  isolated,  very  thin,  and  identical 
with  those  which  I  have  reported  above  in  the  interradial  spaces  of  the  upper  face. 
The  genital  plates  are  narrow  and  elongated  and  the  genital  slits  are  quite  apparent. 

The  mouthpieces  are  disposed  as  in  A.flexuosa,  and  the  mouth  shields,  especially, 
have  exactly  the  same  shape  as  in  that  species.  They  are  triangular,  with  a  very 
convex  proximal  side,  concave  lateral  sides,  and  a  truncated  distal  apex,  which 
forms  a  small  rounded  edge;  they  are  as  long  as  wide  or  slightly  longer  than  wide. 
The  adoral  plates  are  triangular,  with  more  or  less  concave  sides,  and  they  are  not 
contiguous  on  the  interradial  median  line;  but  still  they  are  more  developed  out- 
wardly than  in  A.flexuosa  and  come  very  near  the  median  line,  so  that  they  compress 
the  first  under  brachial  plate  rather  strongly  between  them.  The  external  oral 
papilla  is  strong,  conical,  and  elongated,  perhaps  a  little  thicker  and  proportionately 
somewhat  shorter  than  in  A.flexuosa. 

The  first  upper  brachial  plates  have  also  almost  the  same  shape  as  in  A.flexuosa. 
They  are  oval  and  rather  small,  owing  to  the  overgrowth  of  the  lateral  plates ;  the 
lateral  margins  are  very  convex,  and  the  proximal  side,  less  convex,  is  often  broken 
into  two  distinct  edges  joined  by  a  very  obtuse  angle.  They  are  a  little  wider  than 
long  and  they  all  remain  broadly  in  contact. 


50  BULLETIN   84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  very  small  and  extremely  narrow,  chiefly  in  its 
distal  part,  where  it  is  pressed  between  the  external  lobes  of  the  adoral  plates; 
proximally  it  becomes  wider  and  ends  in  a  very  convex  margin.  The  following 
plates  are,  as  in  A.flexuosa,  almost  quadrangular  and  wider  proximally;  the  proximal 
side  is  also  bent  into  three  unequal  sides,  so  that  the  plates  finally  display  a  hexag- 
onal shape.  They  are  as  wide  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  wide;  however,  they 
are  proportionately  a  little  less  elongated  than  in  A.  flexuosa. 

The  lateral  plates  are  little  protruding,  but  they  cover  a  rather  important  part 
of  the  upper  face  of  the  arms;  they  first  carry  six  spines  but  this  figure  afterwards 
diminishes  to  five;  these  spines  are  subequal  and  more  or  less  flattened.  The  first 
ventral  spine,  the  length  of  which  somewhat  exceeds  that  of  the  article,  is  very 
much  flattened  with  a  rounded  point.  The  second  one  is  a  little  shorter  and  rather 
cylindrical;  on  the  first  articles  the  spine  simply  ends  in  a  point,  but  from  the 
seventh  or  eighth  article  upward  it  shows  a  hyaline  terminal  hook  which  rapidly 
takes  on  a  very  great  development;  this  bent  hook  is  analogous  to  the  one  which 
is  known  in  A.  complanata.  However,  the  angle  formed  by  the  hook  with  the  spine 
is  less  marked  than  in  this  latter  species.  Ljungman  says  nothing  of  the  hook  in 
his  original  description,  but  in  the  table  of  the  species  of  Amphiuridse,  published 
by  him  in  1871,  he  indicates  it  as  follows:  "Spina  brachialis  ad  infimam  proxima 
falciformis  in  apice  acuta."  The  other  spines  are  more  flattened  and  they  tend  to 
assume  a  lanceolate  shape;  their  width  very  slightly  decreases  down  to  the  last 
one,  which  is  short  and  very  much  widened. 

There  are  two  tentacular  scales,  very  small,  rounded,  and  subequal;  the  proxi- 
mal scale  inserted  on  the  lateral  plate  is,  however,  a  little  larger  than  the  other;  it  is 
disposed  obliquely  to  the  latter.  These  scales  are  scarcely  visible,  and  they  may  even 
be  completely  absent  on  the  first  three  or  four  brachial  articles,  but  they  always 
appear  afterwards  in  a  regular  manner  and  I  can  not  account  for  Ljungman's 
saying  that  they  are  lacking. 

By  the  above  description,  it  will  be  seen  that  A.  latispina  shows  great  analogies 
with  A.  Jlexuosa,  but  it  differs  clearly  from  it  by  the  shape  of  the  brachial  spines 
and  by  the  large  bent  hyaline  hook  which  terminates  the  second  ventral  spine.  As 
to  the  peculiar  disposition  of  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk,  and  the  absence  of  these 
plates  on  the  interradial  spaces,  which  somewhat  recall  the  genus  OpJiionepJithys,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  compare  several  specimens  in  order  to  know  if  this  disposition 
be  accidental  in  the  only  known  specimen  or  if  it  does  really  characterize  the  species. 
The  former  hypothesis  seems  to  me  the  most  likely  one.  H.  L.  Clark  pointed  out 
in  A.  aery staia  from  California  and  Japan  the  same  disposition  of  the  plates  in  some 
specimens  (11,  p.  146,  fig.  58  a),  whereas  in  others  (fig.  58  17)  the  plates  cover  the 
whole  upper  face  of  the  disk. 

AMPHIDR  A  R  ATKBUNI,  new  species. 

Plate  18,  figs.  5  and  7. 
Amphiura  flexuosa  H.  L.  CLARK  (not  Lyman)  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.  for  1900,  vol.  2,  1901,  p.  247. 

Fish  Hawk  station  6066.     Jan.  20,  1899.     Mayaguez  Harbor,  Porto  Rico;  16 
to  17  fathoms;  m.  s.;  temp.  23°  C.     One  specimen. 
Type.—C&t.  No.  21295,  U.S.N.M. 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  51 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7  mm.;  the  arms  are  broken  off  near  the  base. 

This  Ophiura  was  labeled  Amphiura  flexuosa  by  H.  L.  Clark,  but  it  is  undoubt- 
edly incorrect;  in  fact,  the  individual  differs  from  A.  flexuosa  which  I  have 
described  above  to  such  an  extent  that  it  is  impossible  to  refer  it  to  that  species; 
besides,  it  comes  nearer  A.  latispina,  but  also  differs  from  it,  and  I  consider  it  to 
represent  a  new  species. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The  upper  face 
is  covered  with  middle-size  plates,  which  are  fairly  uniform  and  regular,  imbri- 
cated, with  no  indication  of  primary  plates.  They  only  become  a  little  smaller 
toward  the  outline  in  the  middle  of  the  interradial  spaces.  The  radial  shields  are 
narrow  and  rather  elongated,  three  or  three-and-a-half  times  longer  than  wide, 
with  a  very  pointed  proximal  angle;  they  are  hardly  divergent  and  separated  on 
their  whole  length  by  a  set  of  plates;  their  length  is  inferior  to  half  the  radius  of 
the  disk.  The  upper  plates  stop  in  a  very  sharp  manner  at  the  periphery  of  the 
disk,  when  they  reach  the  edge  of  the  under  face ;  this  face  remains  bare  or  provided 
only  with  a  few  very  thin  scales,  which  are  insulated  or  united  into  small  groups, 
but  by  no  means  form  a  regular  covering.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  fairly  large,  elongated,  much  longer  than  broad,  and 
lozenge-shaped,  with  a  truncated  and  rounded  distal  angle.  The  adoral  plates 
are  triangular,  hardly  in  contact  by  their  internal  angle  on  the  median  line.  The 
oral  plates  are  short  and  thick.  The  external  mouth  papilla  is  erect,  somewhat 
spiniform  although  short,  and  slightly  flattened  with  a  blunt  point;  the  internal 
papilla  is  conical,  rather  thick,  and  of  middling  size.  Another  papilla,  which  is 
almost  identical  with  the  external,  one,  but  somewhat  thicker  at  its  basis,  is  found 
between  the  two  preceding  ones  on  a  higher  level. 

The  arms  are  elongated  and  fairly  thin.  The  upper  brachial  plates  are  very 
large,  much  broader  than  long  and  cover  a  great  part  of  the  upper  face  of  the  arms. 
The  first  two  or  three  are  quadrangular,  with  a  narrow  proximal  edge,  a  very  wide 
and  strongly  convex  distal  edge,  and  diverging  sides.  The  following  plates  take 
the  shape  of  a  biconvex  lens,  with  the  two  anterior  and  posterior  edges  united  by 
rounded  angles. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  trapezoidal,  almost  as  broad  as  long,  with  a 
narrow  and  slightly  convex*  distal  edge.  The  following  ones  are  pentagonal,  a  little 
wider  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle  and  a  distal  edge 
which  is  slightly  excavated  hi  its  middle.  They  are  all  contiguous. 

The  lateral  plates,  little  protruding,  carry  five  spines  each.  The  first  ventral 
spine  is  conical  with  a  blunt  point,  and  its  total  length  is  equal  or  slightly  superior 
to  that  of  the  article.  The  second  spine,  which  is  a  little  larger,  first  has  the  same 
shape  as  the  preceding  one,  then,  beyond  the  disk,  its  extremity  gets  elongated 
and  developed  into  a  hyaline  hook,  which  is  bent  and  strongly  marked.  The 
third  spine,  which  is  shorter  than  the  second  and  as  long  as  the  first,  also  tends  to 
form  a  hook  at  its  end,  but  this  hook  is  less  developed  and  less  bent  than  the  fore- 
going one.  The  fourth  spine  is  still  shorter,  and  the  fifth,  which  is  but  little 
developed,  hardly  reaches  half  the  article;  the  last  two  spines  are  cylindrical  and 
not  very  thick. 

There  are  two  tentacular  scales  rather  short,  subequal  and  at  a  right  angle. 


52  BTJLLETIK  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Connections  and  differences. — A.  rathbuni  belongs  to  the  group  of  Amphiura 
s.  str.  in  which  the  under  face  of  the  disk  is  deprived  of  a  regular  covering  of  plates 
(Hemilepis)  and  which  possesses  two  tentacular  scales.  The  shape  of  the  second 
ventral  spine  prevents  its  being  mistaken  for  A.flexuosa,  from  which  it  also  differs 
by  its  mouth  shields  being  lozenge-shaped,  and  by  its  upper  and  under  brachial 
plates  being  broader.  The  shape  of  the  second  spine  recalls  that  of  A.  latispina, 
but  in  this  latter  species  the  last  two  dorsal  spines  are  large,  very  much  widened 
and  flattened,  while  they  are  here  slender  and  cylindrical;  the  mouth  shields,  as 
well  as  the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates,  are  also  differently  shaped. 

A.  rathbuni  differs  still  more  from  the  other  species  of  the  same  group. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  new  species  to  Dr.  Eichard  Eathbun. 

AMPHIURA  KINBERGIENSIS,  new  species. 
Plate  4,  figs.  3-4;  plate  5,  figs.  1-2. 

t Amphiura  kinbergi  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  643. 
Amphiura  palmeri  K^HLER  (07a),  p.  279. 

Fisti  Hawk  station  7512.  Mar.  25,  1903.  3f  miles  southeast  by  east  of  Fowey 
Rocks  Light,  Florida;  170  fathoms;  sft.  Four  specimens. 

Type— Cat.  No.  32292,  TJ.S.N.M. 

I  am  almost  certain  that  the  Amphiura  which  I  am  going  to  describe  is  identical 
with  the  one  named  A.  Tciribergi  by  Ljungman  in  1871,  and  which  he  says  comes  from 
the  southern  region  of  Brazil,  without  mentioning  any  depth.  Unfortunately, 
Ljungman  has  given  no  description  of  that  species;  he  only  mentions  it  in  the  table 
of  the  species  of  Amphiuridae  of  the  Atlantic,  and  he  classifies  it,  with  A.  latispina, 
among  the  Amphiurse  which  have  the  under  face  of  their  disks  bare,  and  which 
possess  two  tentacular  scales.  Both  species  are  characterized  by  him  as  having 
"spinae  brachiales  obtusae  plus  minus  complanatae  latiusculae,"  and  Ljungman  says 
only  of  A.  kinbergi:  "Spinae  brachiales  ad  infimam  proxima  recta,  in  apice  truncate, 
aculeolis  minutissimis  lateralibus  instructa  (quasi  securiformis),"  the  two  sentences 
constituting  all  the  description  of  A.  "kinbergi;  the  number  of  spines  is  not  men- 
tioned, but  it  is  certainly  near  that  of  A.  latispina. 

Such  is  the  only  information  we  have  concerning  Amphiura  kinbergi,  which 
must  not  be  mistaken  for  the  Amphipholis  Tdribergi,  which  was  also  described  by 
Ljungman,  and  which,  by  the  way,  ought  to  be  united  with  A.  squamata.  I  had 
asked  Professor  The'el  to  lend  me  Amphiura  kinbergi  of  the  Stockholm  Museum, 
but  what  I  received  was  the  AmpJiipholis  "kinbergi.  On  my  request,  Professor  The'el 
was  so  good  as  to  renew  his  search  among  such  of  Ljungman's  species  as  are  kept 
at  the  Stockholm  Museum,  but  he  could  not  find  Amphiura  kinbergi,  which, 
according  to  what  he  wrote  me,  no  longer  exists  in  the  museum.  One  may, 
therefore,  consider  the  type  of  this  species  as  lost.  On  the  other  hand, 
although  the  particulars  given  by  Ljungman  as  regards  the  shape  of  the  spines, 
the  absence  of  plates  on  the  under  face  of  the  disk,  the  presence  of  two  tentacular 
scales,  and  the  very  close  affinities  with  A.  latispina  allow  to  a  certain  extent  some 
deductions  to  be  made,  it  is  obvious  that,  for  want  of  a  complete  description,  an 
actual  comparison  is  now  impossible,  and  one  can  not  apply  with  certainty  to  an 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  53 

Amphiura  the  name  of  A.  Jcinbergi.  This  term  must  therefore  become  a  nomen 
nudum.  However,  in  order  to  recall  its  very  great  likeness  to  A.  Mnbergi,  which 
is  beyond  dispute,  I  propose  that  the  name  of  A.  Tdnbergiensis  should  be  given  to 
the  species  which  is  here  described. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  from  4.5  to  5  mm.;  the  arms  are  very  long, 
exceeding  70  mm. 

The  specimens  are  not  in  a  very  good  state  of  preservation;  every  one  of  them 
has  several  of  its  arms  broken  and  the  disks  also  are  somewhat  deformed ;  however, 
the  examples  have  quite  discernible  characters,  and  they  may  perfectly  well  be 
described  and  even  photographed. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  more  or  less  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The 
upper  face  is  covered  with  small,  unequal,  imbricated  plates  which  are  smaller  in  the 
central  region  as  well  as  in  the  interradial  spaces  and  on  the  margin  of  the  disk 
and  which  become  larger  near  the  radial  shields;  there  is  not  the  slightest  indication 
of  primary  plates.  The  radial  shields  are  elongated  and  triangular  and  their  shape 
is  slightly  variable;  sometimes  they  are  a  little  more  elongated,  sometimes,  on  the 
contrary,  they  are  a  little  widened.  They  display  a  straight  and  narrow  radial 
side,  a  very  convex  interradial  side,  and  they  are  about  three  times  longer  than  wide. 
They  are  distally  contiguous  and  separated  on  their  whole  length  by  more  or  less 
wide  spaces,  occupied  by  several  rows  of  plates. 

The  under  face  is  absolutely  bare  and  its  color  is  always  dark.  The  genital 
slits  are  fairly  wide. 

The  mouth  shields,  middle-sized,  are  always  longer  than  wide.  They  are  oval  or 
lozenge-shaped,  with  a  rather  open  and  rounded  proximal  angle,  limited  by  two 
convex  sides;  the  two  posterior  sides  are  about  equal  in  length  to  the  foregoing 
ones  and  they  meet  in  a  very  obtuse  angle  which  is  sometimes  truncated  so  as  to 
form  a  little  rounded  distal  side;  the  very  obtuse  lateral  angles  are  more  or  less 
rounded,  and  consequently  the  shields  are  now  oval,  now  lozenge-shaped.  The 
rather  large  adoral  plates  are  triangular;  the  proximal  side  and  the  interradial 
side  are  more  or  less  excavated,  the  third  side  is  smaller  and  straight.  These  plates 
lie  near  together  and  generally  contiguous  on  the  interradial  median  line  at  a  very 
much  rounded  angle;  they  become  wider  outwardly  and  may  even  supply  a  narrow 
blade  which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The 
oral  plates  are  fairly  elongated.  The  external  oral  papilla  is  strong,  thick,  conical, 
and  erect,  with  a  more  or  less  blunt  point:  the  internal  papilla  is  wide  and  thick; 
an  intermediate  papilla  is  located  on  a  somewhat  higher  level;  it  is  thin,  conical, 
and  pointed. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  not  very  large;  they  are,  however,  wider  than 
long  and  rather  oval-shaped,  with  a  very  convex  distal  side  and  plainly  rounded 
lateral  sides;  they  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  middle-sized,  trapezoidal,  and  somewhat 
wider  than  long,  with  a  wide  and  convex  proximal  side,  and  a  narrower  distal  side 
toward  which  converge  the  lateral  sides,  which  are  slightly  excavated  by  the  adoral 
plates.  The  next  plates  have  a  general  pentagonal  shape,  with  a  very  obtuse 
proximal  angle  which  is  truncated,  rounded,  and  more  or  less  indistinct;  the 


54  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

lateral  sides,  which  are  almost  straight,  meet  at  rounded  angles.  They  are  about 
as  long  as  wide. 

The  lateral  plates,  fairly  protruding,  bear  seven  and  sometimes  even  eight 
spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms.  The  first  under  spine  is  strong,  thick,  and  conical 
with  a  blunt  point;  it  is  at  least  as  long  as  the  article  and  sometimes  even  a  little 
longer,  and  then  the  length  of  the  spines  decreases  by  degrees  down  to  the  last 
dorsal  one.  From  the  first  ventral  spine  upward,  all  are  flattened,  especially  from 
the  third  or  fourth  one  upward,  and  the  last  ones  take  a  somewhat  lanceolate  shape. 
The  spines  are  located  chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the  arms,  and  when  looking 
at  the  animal  from  the  upper  face,  one  perceives  at  least  four  spines  on  each  side; 
an  arrangement  which  accounts  for  the  upper  brachial  plates  being  comparatively 
narrow.  The  surface  of  the  first  ventral  spine  is  rough  and  the  rugosities  become 
coarser  near  the  point,  which  is  rounded.  The  second  spine  always  has  a  truncated 
end;  it  displays  all  along  its  edges  very  small  denticulations  which  are  more  developed 
at  the  end  where  they  form  a  fairly  regular  little  row;  the  last  denticulation,  which 
occupies  the  distal  angle,  is  more  developed  than  the  others  and  constitutes  a  little 
transverse,  hyaline  hook,  which  is  triangular,  but  always  very  short.  Sometimes, 
a  like  formation,  which  always  remains  less  important,  appears  at  the  proximal 
angle,  so  that  the  spine  has  a  tendency  to  become  bihamuled;  it  will  also  be  seen 
that  the  small  lateral  denticulations  of  the  spine  are  often  more  developed  on  the 
distal  side  than  on  the  proximal  side.  The  next  two  spines,  that  is  to  say,  the 
third  and  fourth  ones,  display  a  structure  similar  to  the  second  one,  but  the  distal 
hook  alone  is  developed  and  the  lateral  denticulations  do  not  appear  except  on  the 
distal  side  of  the  spine.  Finally,  the  other  spines  simply  remain  rough  at  their 
end,  which  is  rounded. 

The  tentacular  scales,  two  in  number,  are  at  a  right  angle  and  middle-sized ; 
the  external  scale  is  rounded  and  it  is  a  little  larger  than  the  internal  one,  which  is 
elongated  and  less  wide. 

By  comparing,  as  I  have  been  able  to  do,  the  four  specimens  gathered  by 
the  Fish  Hawk  with  those  of  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman,  to  which  I  had  given 
in  1907  the  name  of  A.  palmeri,  I  have  been  convinced  that  the  latter  belong 
certainly  to  the  same  species  as  the  former  and  that  they  also  ought  to  be  called 
A.  Tcinbergiensis.  In  fact,  the  under  face  of  the  disk  is  completely  bare,  and  the 
other  characters  offer  a  striking  likeness  to  those  I  have  just  pointed  out  in  A.  Tcin- 
bergiensis. I  reproduce  here  two  photographs  of  one  of  these  examples,  which 
will  sufficiently  illustrate  that  likeness  (pi.  4,  fig.  4,  and  pi.  5,  fig.  2).  The  only 
difference  I  can  note  regards  the  radial  shields  which  are  comparatively  a  little 
shorter  in  the  examples  of  the  Talisman,  but  we  have  seen  that  the  shape  of  these 
shields  varies  in  the  American  examples;  the  lateral  teeth  of  the  spine  appear  chiefly 
near  the  end.  These  specimens  of  the  Talisman  were  dredged  at  a  depth  of  290 
fathoms. 

Connections  and  differences. — A.  Tfinbergiensis  is  extremely  near  A.  latispina 
Ljungman,  from  which  it  differs  chiefly  by  the  presence,  on  the  lateral  spines,  of 
denticulations  which  develop  principally  at  the  end  of  the  spines  and  which  replace 
the  large  bent  hook  which  terminates  the  second  ventral  spine  of  A.  latispina. 
The  under  brachial  plates  are  more  elongated  in  the  latter,  the  shape  of  the  mouth 


OPHIUBANS  OF  UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  55 

shields  and  perhaps  also  the  arrangement  of  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk,  separate 
A.  latispina  from  A.  Jcinbergiensis. 

A.  kinbergiensis  is  also  near  A.  flexuosa  Ljungman,  but  the  latter  has  brachial 
spines  which  are  fewer  and  pointed,  and  the  mouth  shields  have  a  very  different 
shape;  there  can  be  no  confusion  of  the  two  species. 

What  differences  can  be  pointed  out  between  A.  Icinbergiensis  and  A.  palmeri? 
The  two  species  are  certainly  very  much  alike,  and  their  affinities  are  so  great  that  I 
confused  them  in  1907,  which  confusion  was  not  without  excuse,  owing  to  the  very 
vague  information  we  possess  regarding  the  characters  of  A.  palmeri  and  to  the 
absence  of  specimens  making  a  comparison  possible.  Now  that  I  have  studied  the 
type  of  A.  flexuosa,  a  species  so  near  A.  palmeri  that  Lyman  at  first  confused  these 
two  forms,  and  have  been  able  to  compare  A.  Icinbergiensis  with  A.  latispina,  the 
characters  of  the  former  appear  much  clearer  to  me;  unfortunately,  these  com- 
parisons are  incomplete,  since  I  have  been  unable  to  study  the  type  of  A.  palmeri, 
which  I  know  only  by  the  drawings  and  by  a  few  remarks  of  Lyman.  But  it  seems 
to  me  impossible  to  unite  with  an  Amphiura  having  seven  and  sometimes  eight 
brachial  spines,  a  form  with  five  spines  only,  these  figures  occurring  on  such  specimens 
as  have  about  the  same  size;  and  Lyman  had  some  examples  of  A.  palmeri  in 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reached  even  6.5  mm.  Moreover,  the  under  face  of 
A.  palmeri  offers  some  rudimental  plates  which  are  completely  lacking  in  A.  Icin- 
bergiensis; lastly,  the  shape  of  the  second  and  third  brachial  spines  of  my  species  is 
not  at  all  as  described  and  figured  by  Lyman  in  A.  palmeri.  As  regards  the 
external  oral  papilla,  its  shape  is  very  different  in  the  two  species,  if  we  follow  the 
scheme  which  Lyman  published  in  1875  (75,  pi.  5,  fig.  68);  the  indications  of  the 
text  are  much  less  precise,  since  the  writer  states  only  that  this  papilla  can  scarcely 
be  called  "spiniform,"  as  I  stated  in  1907.  Under  these  conditions,  I  thought  it 
necessary  to  separate  the  two  species. 

AMPHIURA  PALMERI  Lyman. 
Plate  18,  figs.  1  and  3. 

Albatross,  1884.     Key  West,  Florida.     Two  specimens. 

I  was  very  glad  to  find  among  the  lot  of  Ophiurse  which  were  sent  to  me  hi 
1913,  one  bottle  labeled  Amphiura  palmeri,  which  was  determined  by  Lyman. 
These  two  samples  are  quite  in  conformity  with  this  author's  descriptions,  and  by 
studying  them  I  have  been  able  to  solve  a  few  questions  which  still  remained 
doubtful  and  to  which  I  have  called  attention  above,  such  as,  among  other  things, 
the  characters  of  the  under  face  of  the  disk,  the  shape  of  the  external  mouth  papilla, 
and  the  brachial  spines. 

In  the  best  preserved  individual,  the  photograph  of  which  is  reproduced  on 
plate  18,  figures  1  and  3,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm.  and  the  length  of  the 
arms  exceeds  40  mm.  As  may  be  seen  on  the  photograph,  the  under  face  of  the 
disk  is  beset  all  over  with  plates  which  form  a  perfectly  uninterrupted  covering, 
succeeding  without  any  lack  of  continuity  the  plates  of  the  upper  face.  The 
under  plates  are  smaller  than  the  latter,  but  they  are  nevertheless  very  easy  to 
distinguish. 

6061°— Bull.  84—14—5 


56  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

As  for  the  external  mouth  papilla,  it  is  flattened,  a  little  elongated,  and  erect ; 
it  is  somewhat  narrower  at  its  basis  than  at  its  end,  which  forms  a  rounded  edge. 
Thus  are  explained  the  contradictions  apparently  existing  between  Lyman's 
descriptions  and  his  drawings. 

Lastly,  the  brachial  spines  amount  to  six  on  the  first  article  and  five  afterwards. 
The  two  spines  which  succeed  the  first  ventral  one  terminate  each  in  a  little  hyaline 
point,  which  is  conical  and  sharp,  is  at  a  right  angle  with  the  'spine,  and  directed 
toward  the  end  of  the  arm;  the  fourth  spine  still  shows  a  like  arrangement,  but 
often  less  strongly  marked.  The  spines  are  consequently  not  bihamuled,  the 
terminal  hook  being  developed  on  one  side  only;  on  the  other  side  the  spines  show 
only  a  few  rugosities.  Under  the  terminal  hook  there  may  also  be  observed  one 
or  two  small  denticulations,  but  these  are  very  weak.  The  last  dorsal  spine  may 
show  also  a  little  terminal  point,  which  is  not  so  strong  as  on  the  preceding  spine 
and  is  sometimes  directed  in  the  axis  of  the  spine  and  sometimes  forms  a  certain 
angle  with  it.  The  first  ventral  spine  is  cylindrical;  the  others  are  more  or  less 
flattened;  chiefly  so  is  the  last  dorsal  one. 

The  mouth  shields  show  a  form  slightly  different  from  that  figured  by  Lyman 
in  1875.  In  the  scheme  published  by  him  (75,  pi.  5,  fig.  68)  he  ascribes  to  these 
shields  an  almost  circular  periphery,  while  on  fig.  35,  plate  3,  the  shield  is  oval. 
This  latter  form  is  nearer  to  the  one  I  observe  on  the  two  specimens  which  I  have 
in  hand,  the  mouth  shields  of  which  are  longer  than  wide  and  a  little  narrower  in 
their  distal  half,  which  terminates  in  a  little  truncated  edge.  That  form  recalls  the 
one  I  have  observed  and  noted  above  in  A.  kinbergiensis. 

In  the  same  bottle  there  was  also  a  very  small  individual,  the  disk  of  which  is 
only  2.5  mm.  in  diameter;  the  arms  are  all  broken  at  their  beginning.  I  mention 
this  specimen  because  its  primary  plates  are  still  visible  on  the  upper  face  and  the 
plates  of  the  under  face  are  even  more  distinct  than  on  the  two  larger  specimens, 
although  of  no  greater  size.  Moreover,  the  mouth  shields  have  an  almost  regular 
oval  shape  and  their  form  very  much  recalls  that  which  Lyman  represented  in  1875 
(pi.  3,  fig.  35). 

The  characters  of  A.  palmeri  are  thus  now  defined  and  this  species  must  take 
place  in  the  section  of  Amphiura  s.  str.,  in  which  the  under  face  of  the  disk  is 
provided  with  a  regular  and  uninterrupted  covering  of  plates. 

AMPHKTRA  FIBULATA,  new  species. 
Plate  7,  figs.  3-5. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7295.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lat.24°38' 40"  N.; 
long.  81°  56'  26"  W.;  5|  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  19.5°  C.  A  single  specimen. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32293,  U.S.N.M. 

The  disk  is  8  mm.  in  diameter;  the  arms  are  incomplete,  but  some  of  them  are 
preserved  to  a  length  of  70  to  75  mm.;  and  they  must  have  been  much  longer. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  upper  face  is  covered  with  imbricated  plates,  rather 
uniform,  somewhat  smaller,  however,  in  the  central  region  and  in  the  middle  of  the 
interradial  spaces;  they  become  a  little  larger  near  the  radial  shields;  on  the  con- 
trary, near  the  margin  of  the  disk  and  in  the  interradial  spaces  they  rapidly  become 


OPHIUBANS   OP   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  57 

smaller.  There  is  not  the  slightest  indication  of  primary  plates.  The  radial  shields 
are  large,  rather  elongated,  three  times  longer  than  wide,  preserving  about  the  same 
width  in  their  whole  length,  and  their  distal  and  proximal  ends  are  rounded.  The 
shields  of  the  same  pair  are  not  much  divergent;  distally  they  are  close  to  each  other 
or  in  contact,  and  they  are  separated  proximally  at  first  by  one  or  two  successive 
elongated  plates  and  then  by  some  smaller  plates. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small,  rounded  plates,  rather  loosely 
put  together,  and  transparent,  under  which  may  be  seen  the  underlying  tissues 
which  are  of  a  dark  color.  These  plates  do  not  form  a  very  hard  covering  and  they 
differ  from  the  upper  plates,  with  which  they  have  no  continuity  at  the  margin  of 
the  disk;  but  still,  they  completely  cover  the  under  face  and  extend  up  to  the 
mouth  shields. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  notably  longer  than  wide,  their  shapes 
being  almost  lanceolate,  but  their  proximal  angle  is  strongly  obtuse  and  rounded 
and  even  sometimes  semicircular;  the  lateral  angles  also  are  very  much  rounded 
and  are  succeeded  by  two  slightly  excavated  and  convergent  lateral  edges,  which 
meet  at  angles  which  are  also  rounded,  and  a  small  distal  side,  transverse  and  almost 
straight.  The  adoral  plates  are  somewhat  small,  triangular,  with  the  three  sides 
concave;  the  oral  margin  especially  is  excavated  by  the  tentacular  oral  pore  which 
is  very  large;  these  plates  are  hardly  contiguous  on  the  median  interradial  line  by 
their  internal  ends  which  are  rounded.  The  middle-sized  oral  plates  are  higher 
than  wide;  they  are  terminated  by  a  large,  rounded,  and  obtuse  papilla.  The 
external  oral  papilla  located  at  the  meeting  point  of  the  oral  and  adoral  plates  is  little 
developed,  conical,  with  a  rounded  end,  and  is  obliquely  erect.  On  a  higher  level  is 
seen,  as  usual,  a  small  papilla  equal  in  size  to  the  foregoing,  but  thinner  and  more 
pointed. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  small,  almost  circular  at  the  base  of  the  arms, 
with  a  proximal  edge  slightly  excavated.  They  afterwards  become  oval  in  shape, 
transversely,  and  a  little  wider  than  long,  with  the  distal  side  more  convex  than  the 
proximal  one.  They  are  all  in  contact.  On  the  upper  median  line  extends  a  very 
light  yellowish  stripe,  which  can  hardly  be  distinguished  on  the  specimen  in  alcohol. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  small,  narrowed  in  its  distal  part,  which  is 
compressed  between  the  ends  of  the  adjacent  adoral  plates  and  widened  proximally. 
The  other  plates  remain  rather  small.  The  second  one  is  quadrangular,  somewhat 
longer  than  wide,  with  its  proximal  margin  widened  and  slightly  notched,  while  the 
distal  edge  is  smaller  and  rounded.  The  succeeding  plates  are  quadrangular,  with 
straight  edges  and  rounded  corners;  they  are  hardly  longer  than  wide  and  are  all  in 
contact. 

The  side  plates,  little  protruding,  extend  fairly  over  the  upper  face  of  the  arms. 
Each  of  them  carries  seven  spines,  the  length  of  which  slightly  decreases  from  the 
first  ventral  one,  which  is  equal  to  the  article,  down  to  the  last  dorsal.  The  first  is 
cylindrical,  rather  thick,  and  has  a  very  rough  surface;  its  rounded  end  bears  very 
fine  denticulations  which  are  more  or  less  conspicuous.  The  other  spines  are 
flattened  and  their  surfaces  are  always  very  rough.  The  second  ventral  spine  is 
generally  bihamuled;  however,  the  two  hooks  which  are  at  its  extremity,  and  one 


58 


BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


of  which  prolongs  the  other,  are  very  often  unequal,  the  distal  hook  being  more 
strongly  marked;  under  these  hooks  the  roughness  of  the  surface  of  the  spine  often 
grows  into  minute  teeth,  which  are  very  distinct,  there  being  one  or  two  on  each 
side.  The  third  spine  and  also  the  following  one  present  about  the  same  shape; 
however  there  is  a  decreasing  tendency  in  the  size  of  the  terminal  hooks.  The  two 
succeeding  spines  still  offer  at  their  ends  two  or  three  small  denticulations,  but  these 
are  very  fine  and  do  not  incurve  sideways.  The  last  dorsal  spine,  smaller  than  the 
others,  is  almost  cylindrical,  and  its  rounded  end  may  still  show  a  very  fine  spinule. 
The  tentacular  pores  are  very  short,  and  the  ambulacral  tubes  are  large.  As  a 
general  rule,  there  is  but  one  tentacular  scale;  it  is  very  small,  flattened,  slightly 
elongated,  and  rounded  at  its  end,  which  is  rough;  it  issues  from  the  lateral  plate. 
On  the  first  pores  a  second  scale  is  often  found,  smaller,  rounded,  issuing  from  the 
under  plate.  This  second  scale  is  always  lacking  on  the  first  brachial  pore,  and  is 
not  even  constantly  present  on  the  succeeding  pores.  In  the  following  table  I  give 
the  number  of  tentacular  scales  which  I  observed  on  the  first  articles  of  each  arm 
on  each  side: 


Arm  No. 

Second 
article. 

Third 
article. 

Fourth 
article. 

Fifth 
article. 

Sixth 
article. 

I 

2  1 

1  2 

2  2 

2  1 

1 

II  . 

2-1 

2-2 

2-1 

1  1 

1 

III... 

1-1 

1-2 

1-2 

1-1 

-1 

IV. 

1-1 

2-2 

2-1 

1  i 

2 

V 

I  i 

2  2 

1  2 

2  2 

1 

Connections  and  differences. — A.fibulata  belongs  to  the  section  of  the  Amphiurx 
s.  str.,  and  must  be  classified  under  such  Amphiurse  as  have  tentacular  pores  offering 
but  a  single  scale;  but  it  is  distinct  from  all  the  species  of  the  same  group  by  the 
size  of  the  tentacular  pores,  which  contrasts  with  the  reduction  of  the  tentacular 
scale;  by  a  second  scale  occasionally  existing  on  the  pores  included  between  the 
second  and  the  sixth  pair;  by  the  smallest  of  the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates; 
by  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  brachial  spines  wliich  are  often  bihamuled  or 
which  offer  at  least  at  their  ends  a  little  transverse  hook;  and,  lastly,  by  the  slight 
development  of  the  external  oral  papilla. 

There  is  no  possibility  of  A.fibulata  having  any  affinity  either  with  A.flexuosa 
Ljungman,  owing  to  the  presence  of  plates  on  the  under  face  of  the  disk  and  to  the 
shape  of  the  brachial  spines;  or  with  A.  palmeri  Lyman,  the  spines  of  which  are 
not  bihamuled;  moreover,  the  mouth  shields  and  the  external  oral  papilla  of  the 
latter  are  of  a  different  shape. 

Owing  to  the  presence  of  two  tentacular  scales  on  the  first  pores,  although 
their  pxesence  be  occasional,  one  might  perhaps  look  for  some  affinity  of  A.fibulata 
with  such  species  as  have  the  under  face  of  the  disk  covered  with  scales  and  which 
possess  two  tentacular  scales  on  a  more  or  less  extended  part  of  the  length  of  the 
arms.  Under  such  conditions,  the  species  to  which  A.  fibulata  would  be  more 
closely  allied  is  A.  bihamula  H.  L.  Clark,  owing  to  the  nature  of  the  spines,  but  it 
differs  from  the  latter  species  through  the  plates  of  the  under  face  of  the  disk  not 
being  closely  joined,  but  on  the  contrary  remaining  wider  and  looser  than  on  the 
upper  face;  it  also  differs  from  it  through  the  radial  shields  being  shorter  and  wider, 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  59 

through  the  upper  braclu'al  plates  being  narrower,  and,  lastly,  through  the  slight 
development  of  the  tentacular  scale,  which  is  always  single  beyond  the  first  five  or 
six  brachial  articles,  while  it  remains  double,  in  A.  Inhamula,  on  two-thirds  of  the 
length  of  the  arms. 

I  have  described  recently,  under  the  name  of  A.  Tcukenfhali  (13,  p.  386),  an 
Amphiura,  the  under  face  of  the  disk  of  which  is  covered  with  fine  and  regular 
scaling,  extending  uninterruptedly  until  it  joins  the  upper  plates,  an  arrangement 
very  different  from  the  one  observed  in  A.fibulata.  In  this  new  species,  the  brachial 
spines,  which  come  after  the  first  ventral  one,  bear  at  their  ends  a  well-developed 
distal  hook,  and  sometimes  also  a  little  proximal  hook,  wliich  give  to  some  of  the 
specimens  a  bihamuled  appearance,  though  never  so  clear  as  that  of  A.fibulata  or 
of  A.  Inhamula;  besides,  the  two  tentacular  scales  are  most  regularly  continued  on 
the  longest  part  of  the  arms.  In  short,  the  two  species  are  altogether  different 
from  eacli  other. 

I  have  found  in  the  collections  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  a  small 
A.  Tcukenihali,  which  I  mention  below. 

AMPHIURA   KUKENTHALI   Kcchlcr. 

Amphiura  kukenihali  KCEHLER  (13),  p.  396,  pi.  20,  figs.  1-4. 

Key  West,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

The  specimen  is  of  very  small  size  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed 
4.5  mm.,  but  it  entirely  agrees  with  the  larger  specimens  from  the  West  Indies, 
from  which  I  have  just  described  the  species.  It  was  associated  with  other  Ophi- 
urans:  Amphiura  abdita,  Amphiura  stimpsoni,  Ophionereis  reticulata,  and  Ophio- 
stigma  isacanthum. 

AMPHIVRA  COMPLANATA  Ljungman. 

Plate  5,  figs.  3-6. 

Amphiura  complanata  LJUNGMAN  (66),  p.  319. 
Amphiura  complanata  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  642. 

Albatross  station  2762.  December  30,  1887.  Lat.  23°  08'  S. ;  long.  41  °  34'  W. ; 
59  fathoms;  bu.  m.;  temp.  57.1°  F.  Several  specimens. 

A  very  short  description  of  tliis  species,  which,  however,  is  sufficient  to  recognize 
it,  has  been  published  by  Ljungman.  I  wanted,  nevertheless,  to  compare  my 
specimens  with  the  type  which  is  preserved  in  the  Stockholm  Museum,  and  which 
has  been  most  obligingly  communicated  to  me  by  Professor  The"el.  Ljungman's 
description  being  very  short,  I  think  it  useful  to  describe  the  species  with  a  few 
more  details  from  the  specimens  gathered  by  the  Albatross. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  generally  varies  from  7  to  8  mm.,  and  it  can  reach 
10  and  11  mm.  In  some  examples,  the  disk  of  which  is  10  mm.  wide,  the  length  of 
the  arms  is  from  75  to  80  mm. 

The  disk  is  flattened,  rather  thick,  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces, 
and  it  also  shows  some  sharp  notches  above  the  insertion  of  the  arms.  The  upper 
face  is  covered  with  numerous,  small,  unequal,  and  imbricated  plates  which  are 
smaller  at  the  center  and  toward  the  margin  in  the  interradial  spaces,  and,  on  the 
contrary,  larger  near  the  radial  shields.  On  the  samples  of  small  or  middling  size, 
may  be  seen  a  rosette  of  six  primary  plates ;  the  centro-dorsal  one  is  rounded  and 


60  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

separated  by  several  rows  of  small  plates  from  the  primary  radial  ones,  which  are 
smaller  than  the  former.  The  plates  grow  larger  toward  the  radial  shields,  as 
well  without  as  within  these  shields,  and  they  separate  the  two  shields  of  each 
pair  by  several  rows.  The  radial  shields  are  elongated,  with  a  straight  radial  side 
and  a  convex  interradial  side;  they  offer  a  narrow  distal  side  and  a  rather  sharp 
proximal  angle.  Their  length  is  inferior  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk  and  they  are 
about  three  times  longer  than  wide.  These  shields  are  hardly  contiguous  distally 
and  they  afterwards  separate  divergently;  it  even  happens  sometimes,  with  the 
largest  specimens,  that  the  shields  remain  distally  separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  very  minute  plates  of  the  margin  of  the  disk  extend  uninterruptedly  over 
to  the  under  face,  where  they  remain  small,  very  thick,  and  strongly  imbricated ; 
they  are,  even,  sometimes  more  or  less  erect.  The  genital  slits  are  fairly  wide. 

The  mouth  shields  are  elongated,  longer  than  wide.  They  are  often  lozenge- 
shaped,  with  a  truncated  distal  angle,  and  the  widest  part  is  more  distant  from  the 
proximal  angle  than  from  the  distal  side.  It  may  also  happen  that  the  shields 
offer  a  chief  triangular  part,  almost  as  long  as  wide,  and  that  the  distal  edge  then 
presents  in  its  middle  a  more  or  less  protruding  rounded  lobe.  The  adoral  plates 
are  triangular,  very  thin  inwardly,  and  hardly  contiguous  on  the  interradial  median 
line;  they  are  very  strongly  widened  outwardly  with  more  or  less  concave  sides. 
The  oral  plates  are  small.  The  external  oral  papilla  is  conical,  spiniform,  with  an 
obtuse  end  which  is  obliquely  erect;  the  internal  papilla  is  thick,  conical,  and  has 
its  end  more  or  less  truncated.  A  third  intermediary  papilla,  which  is  thinner 
than  the  preceding  ones,  conical  and  pointed,  is  seen  on  a  slightly  higher  level. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  large,  much  wider  than  long,  with  a  rounded 
proximal  side,  a  wide  and  very  convex  distal  side  which  is  slightly  protruding 
in  its  middle;  the  lateral  sides  are  narrow.  The  proximal  and  lateral  edges  often 
are  not  very  distinct  from  each  other;  the  plate  then  takes  an  almost  biconvex 
shape  with  a  rounded  distal  side  showing  in  its  middle  a  more  protruding  part. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  with  a  rounded  and  narrow 
distal  side,  a  widened  proximal  side,  and  divergent  lateral  sides.  The  succeeding 
ones  are  pentagonal,  rather  small,  with  a  very  small  proximal  angle,  slightly  exca- 
vated lateral  sides  and  a  straight  or  slightly  excavated  distal  side.  These  plates  are 
a  little  wider  than  long;  they  are  all  contiguous. 

The  lateral  plates  bear  each  six  and  even  seven  spines  at  the  basis  of  the  arms. 
The  first  ventral  spine  is  cylindrical,  swollen  at  its  basis,  with  a  rounded  end  which 
slightly  exceeds  the  article.  The  length  of  the  other  spines  rapidly  decreases 
down  to  the  last  dorsal.  The  second  spine,  at  least  as  much  developed  as  the  first, 
begins,  at  a  small  distance  from  the  disk,  to  show  at  its  end  a  bent  and  hyaline  hook 
which  becomes  very  strong  and  joins  the  spine  by  a  rather  well-marked  but  broadly 
rounded  angle.  The  other  spines  are  cylindrical  with  rounded  ends,  except  the 
last  dorsal  one,  which  is  rather  strongly  flattened.  The  very  peculiar  character  of 
the  second  ventral  spine  was  not  pointed  out  by  Ljungman  in  his  first  description, 
but  in  the  table  of  Amphiuridro,  which  he  published  in  1871,  he  says,  "proxima  ad 
infimam  geniculata . ' ' 

The  tentacular  scales,  mounting  to  two,  are  small,  subequal,  and  lying  at  a 
right  angle  to  each  other. 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  61 

Ljungman's  type  was  gathered  by  Kinberg,  at  lat.  22°  30'  S.  and  long.  40° 
55'  W.;  as  there  is  no  indication  of  the  depth,  the  example  most  likely  came  from  a 
littoral  station;  we  see  that  this  station  is  very  near  the  one  where  the  Albatross 
found  the  species.  I  do  not  think  that  A.  complanata  has  been  met  with  elsewhere 
since  the  time  when  Ljungman  described  it. 

AMPHIURA  OTTERI  Ljungman. 
Plate  8,  figs.  5-9. 

Amphiura  otteri  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  631. 
Amphiura  otteri  LYMAN  (78),  p.  32. 
Amphiura  otteri  LYMAN  (82),  p.  128. 
Amphiura  otteri  LYMAN  (83),  p.  252. 
Amphiura  otteri  VEURILL  (85),  p.  548. 
Amphiura  otteri  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  302. 

Albatross  station  2003.  Off  Cape  Hatteras;  641  fathoms.  Three  small  speci- 
mens the  diameter  of  the  disks  of  which  ranges  between  6  and  7  mm.;  the  arms 
are  about  50  to  60  mm.  long,  but  they  are  generally  incomplete;  the  disks  are, 
however,  in  good  condition. 

Albatross  station  2838.  May  5, 1888.  Off  Lower  California,  lat.  28°  12'00"  N., 
long.  115°  09'  00"  W.;  44  fathoms;  gn.  m.  Two  specimens.  In  one  of  them 
the  disk  is  12  mm.  in  diameter  and  the  arms  are  broken  off  near  the  basis.  The 
second  sample  is  in  a  better  state,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10  mm.,  the  arms  are 
preserved  to  about  90  mm.;  besides,  there  are  in  the  jar  some  arm  pieces  which 
are  170  mm.  long. 

Fish  Hawk  station  898.  Off  mouth  of  Chesapeake  Bay;  300  fathoms;  mud; 
temp.  44°  F.  Two  specimens.  The  diameter  of  the  more  or  less  damaged  disks 
ranges  between  9  and  10  mm.;  and  the  arms  are  preserved  to  lengths  varying  between 
15  and  50  mm. 

Speedwell  station  186.  August  31,  1878.  Eastern  point  of  Gloucester  Harbor; 
about  110  fathoms;  muddy.  One  dry  specimen  from  which  the  upper  face  has  been 
taken  away;  the  arms  are  broken  about  20  mm.  from  their  basis. 

If  we  look  over  the  bibliography  of  A.  otteri  we  will  ascertain  that  we  do  not 
possess  very  complete  information  concerning  this  species.  Ljungman's  description 
is,  as  usual,  rather  concise  and  very  short;  Verrill  added  some  remarks  in  1885. 
Lyman,  who  had  several  specimens  of  this  same  species  at  his  disposal  and  who  was 
able  to  compare  it  with  Ljungman's  type,  added  nothing  to  our  knowledge.  In  his 
synoptical  table  of  Amphiurse  published  in  the  Reports  of  the  Challenger  (82,  p.  123) 
this  author  classifies  A.  otteri  among  the  species  of  Amphiurse,  s.  str.,  in  which 
both  faces  of  the  disk  are  covered  with  plates  and  which  at  the  same  time  possess 
two  tentacular  scales  and  elongated  arms;  he  characterizes  it  by  the  presence  of 
six  spines,  the  most  inferior  of  which  is  the  longest,  and  one  of  which  is  bent.  I 
should  like  to  have  given  in  1907  more  complete  information  about  this  species 
when  reviewing  the  ophiurans  of  the  Paris  Museum,  which  owns  a  specimen  of  A. 
otteri  from  the  dredgings  of  the  BlaJce,  but  owing  to  the  poor  state  of  the  under 
face,  which  had  been  damaged  by  foreign  bodies,  I  was  unable  to  completely  recog- 
nize the  characters  of  this  specimen,  and  could  do  no  more  than  represent  its  upper 
face.  (07,  pi.  11,  fig.  19.) 


62  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  material  which  is  now  in  my  possession  has  enabled  me  to  make  a  more 
detailed  study  of  A.  otteri,  and  I  am  able  to  add  a  few  complementary  facts  to  the 
characters  already  known  for  this  species.  I  am  satisfied  that  my  determinations 
are  correct,  for  I  have  been  able  to  compare  the  specimens  of  the  United  States 
National  Museum  with  the  two  types  of  Ljungman,  which  were  most  kindly  com- 
municated to  me  by  Professor  The"  el. 

The  characters  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  sufficiently  well  known.  I  have 
given  a  drawing  of  that  face,  which,  no  doubt,  is  schematic,  and  I  reproduce  here 
photographs  of  one  of  Ljungman's  types,  neither  of  which  is,  unfortunately,  in 
a  perfect  state  of  preservation  (pi.  8,  figs.  5  and  6).  The  radial  shields  of  this  are 
elongated  and  fairly  thin,  but  in  the  large  specimens  of  the  Albatross,  as  in  those 
from  station  2838,  they  are  much  wider.  The  under  face  is  covered  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces  with  plates  which,  in  the  larger  specimens,  are  extremely  thick  and 
strongly  imbricated,  so  much  so  that  they  are  more  or  less  obliquely  erect. 

In  Ljungman's  type,  a  photograph  of  which  I  give  on  plate  8,  fig.  6,  the 
mouth  shields  are  noticeable  through  the  presence,  on  the  middle  of  then:  distal  side, 
of  a  very  well-shaped,  wide,  and  rounded  lobe,  which  strongly  protrudes  in  the 
interradial  space.  Ljungman  had  simply  said  about  it:  " scuta  oralia  quadrangula 
marginibus  adoralibus  convexis  marginibusque  aboralibus  excavatis."  In  short, 
these  shields  are  a  little  longer  than  wide  and  their  chief  triangular  part  is  followed 
by  a  wide  and  protruding  distal  lobe.  I  do  not  find  exactly  that  shape  in  the 
specimens  which  were  sent  to  me  by  the  National  Museum,  or,  at  least,  I  find 
some  variations  which  I  think  should  be  noted.  In  the  best  preserved  specimen, 
from  station  898  (Chesapeake  Bay)  and  which  I  have  represented  in  plate  8,  fig.  7, 
there  is  also  a  very  large  distal  lobe,  and  therefore  the  shields  are  a  little  longer  than 
wide,  almost  lozenge-shaped,  with  a  rather  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  strongly 
rounded  distal  angle.  In  the  other  specimens  the  distal  lobe  is  confused  with 
the  rest  of  the  shield;  the  latter  consequently  shows  an  ovoid  form  and  is  longi- 
tudinally elongated,  with  rounded  proximal  and  distal  angles;  sometimes  the  latter 
angle  is  somewhat  truncated  so  as  to  form  a  little  distal  edge.  However,  on  the 
smaller  specimen  from  station  2838  (diameter  of  the  disk,  10  mm.),  the  mouth  shields 
again  display  a  chief  portion  which  is  triangular  and  a  distal  lobe  which  is  wide  and 
distinct.  The  shape  of  the  mouth  shields  observed  on  Ljungman's  type  does  not 
seem  to  me  to  be  maintained  in  a  very  constant  manner,  and  the  distal  part  may  be 
more  or  less  confused  with  the  rest  of  the  shield,  instead  of  forming  a  distinct  lobe. 

The  shape  of  the  external  oral  papilla  has  been  correctly  indicated  by  the 
authors  and  it  is  always  found  with  the  same  characters :  strong,  conical,  elongated, 
and  obliquely  erect. 

The  arms  are  extremely  long  and  rather  flattened.  The  upper  brachial  plates 
are  very  large  and  triangular.  On  Ljungman's  type  they  display  a  very  obtuse 
proximal  angle  and  a  strongly  convex,  sinuous  distal  side,  which  forms  in  its  middle 
a  rounded  and  more  or  less  conspicuous  swelling  (pi.  8,  fig.  9).  It  is  perhaps  not 
quite  accurate  to  say  that  these  plates  are  "late  quadrangula  angulis  rotundatis 
marginibus  aboralibus  excavatis,  adoralibus  convexis."  A  rather  neighboring  shape 
is  observed  on  the  two  specimens  from  station  898,  but  the  distal  edge  is  simply 
convex  without  the  little  median  swelling,  the  proximal  angle  is  strongly  obtuse, 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  63 

and  one  may  distinguish  very  short  lateral  sides.  These  sides  become  more  con- 
spicuous on  the  larger  specimen  from  station  2838,  while  the  proximal  angle  opening 
up  to  180°  is  replaced  by  a  distinct  side;  the  lateral  margins  are  divergent  and  the 
distal  side,  very  wide  and  rounded,  is  sometimes  simply  convex,  sometimes  provided 
with  a  little  median  lobe.  In  a  general  way,  the  upper  brachial  plates  are  small 
and  narrow  at  the  beginning  of  the  arms,  and  then  they  progressively  become  wider 
and  wider. 

The  shape  of  the  under  brachial  plates  has  been  correctly  indicated  by  Ljung- 
man;  they  are  pentagonal,  with  a  truncated  proximal  angle,  and  they  are  somewhat 
longer  than  wide  (pi.  8,  fig.  8).  I  find  again  the  same  shape  on  all  my  specimens, 
but  on  the  smaller  example  from  station  2838  I  notice  that  the  proximal  angle  is 
more  truncated  and  forms  a  little  proximal  side,  whereas,  on  the  larger  sample  from 
the  same  station,  this  angle  becomes  so  much  truncated  that  there  is  a  distinct 
proximal  side,  and  the  plates  then  take  a  rectangular  shape,  which  they  preserve 
on  the  whole  length  of  the  arms. 

Ljungman  states  that  the  spines  amount  to  six  or  seven  at  the  basis  of  the  arms, 
and  Vcrrill  says  that  this  number  may  amount  to  eight  on  the  largest  specimens. 
In  most  cases  I  have  observed  seven.  The  first  spine  is  conical,  thick  at  the  basis, 
with  a  rounded  point,  and  its  length  exceeds  that  of  the  article.  The  second  one  is 
almost  as  long,  and  afterwards  the  length  decreases  with  the  following  ones  down  to 
the  last  dorsal,  which  is  smaller  than  the  article;  the  last  dorsal  spines  are  also 
somewhat  flattened.  The  second  ventral  spine  is  very  slightly  incurved,  and  it 
most  often  carries  at  its  end  a  few  exceedingly  fine  spinules.  Generally  one  of 
these  spinules,  located  at  the  distal  angle  of  the  spine  end,  is  more  developed  than 
the  others,  and  then  it  constitutes  a  very  small  lateral  hook,  which,  however,  always 
remains  very  short;  a  like  structure  may  also  bo  observed  on  the  two  following 
spines.  This  hook  is  more  or  less  apparent  according  to  the  specimens.  I  observe 
it  chiefly  on  the  two  specimens  from  station  898  and  on  the  three  specimens  from 
station  2003. 

A.  otteri  has  been  reported  by  Ljungman  off  the  Portuguese  coasts  (lat.  38°  7' 
N.;  long.  9°  18'  W.;  550  fathoms).  The  Blake  has  found  it  again  in  the  Caribbean 
Sea  between  175  and  576  fathoms ;  the  Challenger  has  dredged  it  between  900  and 
1 ,250  fathoms,  and,  according  to  Verrill,  this  species  reaches,  at  Marthas  Vineyard, 
as  far  down  as  1,608  fathoms. 

AMPHITJRA  GRANDISQUAMA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Koehler  (09),  p.  177. 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  85°  30'  44"  N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.; 
440  fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2625.  Oct.  21,  1885.  Lat.  32°  35'  N.;  long.  77°  30'  W.; 
247  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  Nine  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2753.  Dec.  4,  1887.  Lat.  13°  34'  N.;  long.  61°  03'  W.; 
281  fathoms;  bk.  s.;  temp.  48°  F.  One  specimen. 


64  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

AMPHIURA  STIMPSONI  Ltttken. 
Plate  7,  figs.  1-2. 

Amphiura  stimpsoni  LUTKEN  (59),  p.  116. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  LJUNGMAN  (66),  p.  320. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  LJUNOMAN  (71),  pp.  631-634. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  LYMAN  (75),  p.  4,  pi.  5,  fig.  66. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  LYMAN  (82),  pp.  124-143. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  LYMAN  (83),  p.  252. 
Amphiura  gtimpsoni  MARKTANNER  (87),  p.  299. 
Amphiura  stimpsoni  H.  L.  CLARK  (01),  p.  247. 

Key  West.     Six  specimens. 

In  one  of  these  specimens  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  about  4  mm. ;  the  others 
are  smaller,  the  diameter  of  their  disks  being  comprised  between  3.5  and  2  mm. 

I  have  been  able  to  compare  with  these  two  specimens  the  two  examples  in  the 
Copenhagen  Museum  which  were  used  as  types  by  Liitken  and  which  were  most 
kindly  communicated  to  me  by  Doctor  Mortensen ;  I  have  ascertained  their  agree- 
ment, excepting  very  slight  differences  in  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields.  In 
Liitken's  two  specimens,  the  mouth  shields  are  almost  triangular,  as  long  as  wide, 
with  a  fairly  sharp  proximal  angle  and  a  very  convex  distal  side.  In  my  own 
specimens,  I  sometimes  observe  the  same  shape,  but  most  often  the  proximal  angle 
is  obtuse  and  rounded,  as  is  the  case  with  the  sample  photographically  reproduced 
in  pi.  7.  These  shields  always  remain  as  long  as  wide,  or  sometimes  they  are  very 
slightly  wider  than  long.  The  brachial  spines  amounting  to  five,  are  rough,  as 
stated  by  Lutken,  and  I  find  that  the  small  rugosities  have  even  a  tendency  to 
develop  a  little  at  the  end  of  the  spines,  and  more  so  on  the  second  ventral  one. 

Among  the  authors  who,  after  Lutken,  have  given  some  indications  regarding 
A.  stimpsoni,  I  can  quote  only  Lyman  and  Marktanner,  but  the  information  given 
by  these  two  writers  is  not  in  accordance  with  Liitken's  description.  Lyman 
published  (in  1875)  a  scheme  of  the  under  face  on  which  the  mouth  shields  are  repre- 
sented with  a  very  elongated  oval  shape;  moreover,  Marktanner  writes  that  the 
two  dorsal  spines  have  a  little  aboral  hook  and  that  the  mouth  shields  are  cordiform, 
a  little  longer  than  wide.  Now,  these  characters,  it  is  evident,  do  not  agree  with 
those  observed  by  me,  not  only  on  my  own  specimens,  but  on  Liitken's  two  examples, 
and,  in  particular,  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields  as  represented  by  Lyman,  is 
altogether  incorrect;  I  am  in  doubt  whether  the  two  above-named  writers  dealt 
with  the  same  species. 

Liitken  suggested  that  A.  stimpsoni  was  a  younger  form;  this  is  quite  possible, 
but  I  do  not  see  to  which  of  the  known  AmpJiiurse  of  the  West  Indies  it  might 
correspond.  I  have  compared  my  examples  with  very  young  A.  kukenfhali,  gathered 
at  St.  Thomas  by  Messrs.  Kukenthal  and  Hartmeyer,  and  I  find  that  the  latter 
possess  two  tentacular  scales,  wider  upper  brachial  plates,  stronger  mouth  shields, 
and  their  second  ventral  spine  at  least  already  bears  its  characteristic  hook; 
moreover,  the  mouth  shields  have  a  different  shape,  for  they  are  elongated  and 
pyriform.  Evidently  A.  stimpsoni  does  not  represent  a  younger  form  of  A. 
Tcukenthali. 

One  might  also  compare  A.  stimpsoni  with  the  Amphiura  which  I  have  described 
above  under  the  name  of  A.  fibulata,  taking  as  a  basis  the  fact  that  the  latter  has 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  65 

two  tentacular  scales  only  on  a  few  of  its  first  brachial  articles,  but  the  scales  dis- 
played on  the  under  face  of  the  disk  of  A.  fibulata  are  ill-shaped  and  different 
from  those  of  the  upper  face,  its  spines  are  plainly  bihamuled  and  the  mouth  shields 
are  elongated ;  there  is  not  the  slightest  connection  between  the  two  species. 

A.  stimpsoni  has  been  reported  by  Liitken  and  by  Ljungman  at  various  littoral 
stations  of  the  West  Indies.  H.  L.  Clark  has  noted  it  at  Porto  Rico,  and,  according 
to  Lyman,  the  Blake  collected  it  at  Barbados  at  a  depth  of  69  fathoms. 

AMPHItTRA  MAGELLANICA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Koehler  (08),  p.  79. 

Albatross  station  2770.  Jan.  16,  1888.  Lat.  48°  37'  S.;  long.  65°  46'  W.;  58 
fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp. 

Four  specimens  with  fragments  of  the  arms.  All  of  them  are  of  rather  small 
size,  and,  in  the  largest  of  them,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. 

AMPHIURA  DIDUCTA,  new  species. 

Plate  7,  figs.  6-7. 

Albatross  1885,  off  Havana.     No  depth  mentioned.     One  specimen. 

Type— Cat.  No.  32294,  U.S.N.M. 

The  disk  is  a  little  over  5  mm.  in  diameter;  the  arms  are  all  incomplete;  the 
largest  is  preserved  up  to  a  length  of  17  mm. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  and  pretty  deeply  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces. 
The  upper  face  is  depressed  centrally  as  well  as  in  the  middle  of  the  interradial 
spaces.  It  is  covered  with  small  imbricated  plates,  subequal,  and  growing  a  little 
larger  only  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial  shields ;  there  is  not  the  slightest  indication  of 
primary  plates.  The  radial  shields  are  well  developed  and  elongated,  three  and  a 
half  times  longer  than  wide,  with  an  almost  straight  internal  side  and  a  convex 
external  side;  they  are  in  contact  distally  at  their  distal  angles  and  a  little  divergent 
proximally.  The  two  shields  of  each  pan-  are  separated  by  a  chief  range  of  elongated 
plates  which  are  succeeded  by  two  other  ranges  of  narrower  plates.  Their  length  is 
equal  to  about  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  under  face  is  completely  bare.     The  genital  slits  are  fairly  wide. 

The  mouth  shields,  of  middle  size,  are  lozenge-shaped,  as  long  as  wide  or  a  little 
longer  than  wide,  with  a  fairly  opened  proximal  angle  limited  by  two  straight  sides, 
two  lateral  sides  and  a  distal  margin  which  is  rounded  or  a  little  truncated.  The 
adoral  plates  are  triangular,  broadly  widened  without,  narrowed,  and  in  contact 
within.  The  oral  plates  are  small  and  short.  The  two  oral  papillae  on  each  side 
have  almost  the  same  shape;  the  external  one,  thick,  short,  and  conical,  obliquely 
erect;  the  internal  one,  a  little  more  obtuse.  Between  these  two  papillae  there  is  on 
a  higher  level  another  papilla  which  is  thinner,  conical,  and  pointed. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  small  and  narrow,  somewhat  longer  than  wide 
at  the  basis  of  the  arms,  with  a  narrow  proximal  margin,  a  strongly  convex  distal 
margin,  and  lateral  borders,  divergent  and  rounded.  These  plates  afterwards 
become  almost  as  long  as  wide;  they  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  very  small,  strongly  narrowed  in  its  distal 
region  between  the  extremities  of  the  adjacent  adoral  plates  which  lie  very  close 


66  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

together,  and  it  becomes  a  little  wider  proximally.  The  succeeding  plates  are  at 
first  quadrangular  with  well-rounded  angles,  and  a  little  longer  than  wide;  they 
then  become  pentagonal,  with  a  truncated  proximal  angle,  although  they  still  remain 
somewhat  longer  than  wide. 

The  lateral  brachial  plates,  fairly  wide,  each  bear  seven  spines  and  sometimes 
eight  at  the  basis  of  the  arms.  These  spines  are  short,  nearly  equal  and  their 
length  is  next  to  that  of  the  article;  however,  the  dorsal  spines  grow  slightly  shorter 
down  to  the  last  ones.  They  are  slightly  flattened  and  their  surface  is  rough.  The 
lateral  spines,  and  above  all  the  second  under  spine,  are  often  provided  near  the 
rounded  end,  with  two  very  small  diverging  denticulations  which  give  them  a 
bihamuled  appearance,  but  this  structure  is  always  little  developed;  sometimes 
the  small  denticulations  appear  on  one  side  only. 

The  single  tentacular  scale  is  thin  but  fairly  long,  conical,  with  an  obtuse  point; 
its  length  does  not  reach  half  the  corresponding  under  brachial  plate. 

Connections  and  differences. — A.  diducta  belongs  to  the  group  of  the  AmpTiiurse, 
s.  str.,  which  possess  but  one  tentacular  scale  and  have  the  under  face  of  their  disks 
bare.  It  differs  from  the  forms  of  that  group  which,  by  the  way,  are  few,  in  having 
numerous  brachial  spines,  large  and  elongated  radial  shields  and  also  a  fairly  long 
tentacular  scale;  I  see  no  species  to  which  it  might  be  allied. 

AMPHIPHOLIS  (-AMPH1URA)  SQUAMATA  (Delle  Chiaje). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Koehler  (OS),  p.  179. 

Sussbach  and  Breckner  (11),  p.  253. 

Koehler  (13),  p.  356. 

Albatross  station  2645.    Apr.  9,  1886.     Lat.  25°  46'  30"  N.;  long.  80°  02'  W.; 
157  fathoms;  gn.  s.;  temp.  43.4°  F.     One  little  specimen. 
Key  West,  Florida.     One  little  specimen. 

AMPHIPHOLIS  (-AMPHIURA)  TENUISPINA  Ljuogman. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Kcehler  (98),  p.  53,  pi.  6,  figs.  22-23. 

Albatross  station  2619.  Oct.  20,  1885.  Lat.  33°  38'  N.;  long.  77°  36'  W.; 
15  fathoms;  crs.  yl.  s.  brk.  sp.  rot.  co.  One  specimen. 

The  sample,  which  is  of  very  small  size,  is  identical  with  the  one  which  Verrill 
represented  (85,  pL  20,  fig.  53). 

AMPHIPHOLIS  (-AMPHIT7RA)  GRACILLIMA  (Stimpson). 

Amphiura  gracillima  LYMAN  (65),  p.  116. 
Amphiura  gracillima  LYMAN  (75),  pi.  5,  fig.  70. 
Amphiura  gracillima  LYMAN  (82),  p.  146. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7109.  Mar.  29,  1901.  Tampa  Bay,  Florida;  6$  fathoms; 
mud;  temp.  20.5°  C.  Two  specimens. 

In  both  specimens  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  has  been  torn  away,  but  the 
characters  of  the  mouth  pieces  and  of  the  arms  allow,  however,  the  determination  of 
the  species  with  all  the  certainty  which  one  might  wish  for. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  67 

The  arms,  very  slender,  are  extremely  long  and  their  length  may  even  exceed 
10  centimeters.     I  observe  but  three  brachial  spines  even  at  the  basis  of  the  arms. 
A.  gracittima  has  been  met  with  on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina. 

AMPHIODIA  OAMPHIURA)  ERECTA,  new  species. 

Plate  6,  figs.  4-7. 

Allalross  station  2136.  Feb.  29,  1884.  Off  Cape  Hatteras.  Lat.  17°  43'  40' 
N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W.;  52  fathoms;  co.  brk.  sh.  Two  specimens. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32295,  U.S.N.M. 

In  the  larger  specimen  the  disk  is  somewhat  oval  and  its  diameter  ranges 
between  6  and  7  mm.  The  arms  are  twisted  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  measure 
exactly  their  length;  two  of  them  are  entire  and  they  could  not  have  exceeded  about 
35  mm.  The  second  specimen  is  much  smaller  and  the  diameter  of  its  disk  does 
not  exceed  3  mm.,  but  the  arms  are  comparatively  longer  and  their  length  ranges 
between  35  and  40  mm.  I  will  describe  this  species  from  the  larger  specimen. 

The  disk  is  rounded  and  not  at  all  notched  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The  upper 
face  is  covered  with  middle-sized  plates,  which  are  fairly  thick,  a  little  unequal,  little 
imbricated,  and  become  somewhat  larger  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  radial  shields; 
there  is  not  the  slightest  indication  of  primary  plates.  At  the  margin  of  the  disk 
certain  plates  carry  a  short,  wide,  and  flattened  spine  with  a  rounded  end;  these 
spines  vary  in  number,  but  are  always  few,  six  or  eight  in  each  interradius,  and  they 
do  not  form  an  interrupted  row;  most  generally  they  are  not  observed  until  about 
the  middle  of  the  interradial  spaces,  but  in  one  of  these  spaces  they  extend  to  near 
the  radial  shields.  Some  of  these  spines,  shorter  than  the  others,  even  seem  to  be 
a  direct  extension  of  the  plate  which  stands  erect ;  it  then  becomes  difficult  to  tell 
whether  we  have  to  deal  here  with  a  spine  in  the  proper  sense  of  the  word  or  with  a 
small  plate  which  stands  erect.  It  is  not  so  with  the  smaller  specimen,  where  the 
spines  are  more  numerous  and  lying  closer,  and  generally  form  a  more  regular  row; 
they  are  comparatively  longer  and  more  developed  and  consequently  more  distinct 
than  in  the  larger  specimen.  The  radial  shields  are  small  and  contiguous  over  most 
of  their  length  along  their  radial  edge,  which  is  straight,  while  the  interradial  side  is 
strongly  convex;  they  are  separated  proximally  on  the  fourth  or  third  part  of  their 
total  length  by  a  very  narrow  space.  These  shields  are  about  three  times  longer 
than  wide,  their  length  being  equal  to  about  one-third  of  the  disk  radius. 

The  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  extend  without  interruption  on  the  under 
face  which  they  cover  entirely,  and  where  they  appear  imbricated,  rounded,  and 
subequal.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields,  much  elongated,  are  at  least  twice  longer  than  wide;  they 
are  lozenge-shaped,  or  more  exactly  suggest  the  shape  of  a  boot  sole,  and  their 
widest  part  is  somewhat  nearer  the  distal  than  the  proximal  end.  They  offer  a 
very  rounded  and  wide  proximal  angle,  two  antero-lateral  sides  which  join  by  obtuse 
and  more  or  less  protruding  angles,  the  two  posterior  edges  which  are  excavated; 
the  latter  are  united  by  an  angle,  which  is  also  quite  rounded  and  wide  and  in 
general  truncated  so  as  to  represent  a  short  distal  side.  The  adoral  plates,  located 
almost  entirely  on  the  sides  of  the  mouth  shields,  have  the  shape  of  an  elongated 
and  narrow  triangle,  with  the  three  sides  more  or  less  excavated;  these  plates  are 


68  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

extremely  narrowed  inwardly,  and  they  are  not  contiguous  on  the  interradial  median 
line;  they  grow  wider  outwardly,  but  nevertheless  remain  widely  separated  from  the 
opposite  plate  by  the  first  under  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  small  and 
triangular.  The  oral  papillas  amount  to  three  on  each  side;  they  are  rather  obtuse 
and  have  about  the  same  shape;  the  middle  one  is,  however,  a  little  smaller  than 
the  other  two,  the  external  one  is  a  little  widened  and  triangular,  the  internal  one 
is  more  elongated  but  not  very  thick;  these  three  papillae  are  contiguous  and  they 
form  a  regular  row.  In  the  smaller  specimen  they  are  uniform,  rather  short,  and 
flattened. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  extremely  large  and  very  much  widened,  almost 
three  times  wider  than  long;  they  are  quadrangular,  with  a  slightly  rounded  proximal 
side,  an  almost  straight  or  even  slightly  depressed  distal  side,  and  short  lateral  sides, 
which  join  the  two  other  sides  by  rounded  angles.  They  are  all  widely  contiguous. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  fairly  large,  transversely  widened,  trapezoidal, 
with  a  narrow  proximal  side,  a  wider  distal  side  and  lateral  sides  which  are  divergent 
and  excavated.  The  succeeding  plates  are  very  large,  pentagonal,  much  wider  than 
long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle,  slightly  divergent  lateral  sides 
joining  by  rounded  angles  the  distal  side,  which  is  wide  and  generally  a  little  notched 
in  the  middle;  the  proximal  angle  may  even  completely  disappear  on  the  first  plates, 
which  then  become  quadrangular.  All  these  plates  are  contiguous. 

The  lateral  plates,  little  protruding,  each  bear  three  subequal  spines  which  are 
equal  to  the  article;  they  are  wide,  flattened,  with  a  plainly  rounded  end.  - 

The  tentacular  scales  lie  at  a  right  angle;  they  are  equal  and  semicircular. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  whitish.  One  can  detect,  on  the  upper 
face  of  the  arms  in  the  larger  specimen,  a  median  longitudinal  line  of  a  very  light 
brown,  and  here  and  there  some  slightly  darker  annulations,  each  of  which  covers 
two  articles. 

Connections  and  differences. — Owing  to  the  arrangement  of  the  oral  papillae, 
which  are  three  in  number  and  subequal,  this  Amphiura  pertains 'to  the  section 
Amphiodia  of  .Verrill.  It  can  not  be  mistaken  for  A.  liiikeni  (Ljungman),  which 
bears,  on  the  margin  of  the  disk,  some  conical,  elongated,  and  sharp-pointed  spines, 
and  has  its  disk  covered  with  very  fine  plates;  the  radial  shields  and  the  two  tentac- 
ular scales  are  more  developed  in  this  species  than  in  A.  erecta,  and  the  arms  are 
extremely  long.  Further  on  I  shall  deal  with  A.  liiikeni,  which  also  must  be  classified 
in  the  section  Amphiodia. 

A.  erecta  closely  resembles  A.  nisei  Liitken,  to  which  is  it  akin  by  the  shape  of 
the  mouth  shields  and  by  the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates  being  very  wide;  but 
the  former  differs  from  the  latter  by  some  short,  obtuse,  and  flattened  spines  standing 
at  the  margin  of  the  disk,  as  well  as  by  the  radial  shields,  and  also  the  upper  plates 
of  the  disk  being  smaller,  the  adoral  plates  being  narrower  and  more  elongated,  and 
the  brachial  spines  being  a  little  longer. 

As  I  wanted,  nevertheless,  to  compare  my  species  more  thoroughly  with  A.  riisei, 
I  have  been  temporarily  entrusted,  thanks  to  the  kindness  of  Mortensen,  with  the 
specimen  which  was  first  described  by  Liitken  under  the  name  of  A.  cordifera, 
and  to  which  he  gave,  afterwards,  the  name  of  A.  riisei.  I  can  add  a  few 
remarks  to  Liitken's  description.  The  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  of 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  69 

A.  nisei  are  very  large  and  they  have  been  exactly  figured  by  Liitken,  but  I  observe 
that,  on  the  margin  of  the  disk,  the  plates  which  are  succeeded  by  those  of  the 
under  face  have  a  tendency  to  stick  up  as  they  do  in  the  genus  OpTiiophragmus, 
and  some  of  them  even  elongate  to  some  extent,  an  arrangement  which  tends  to 
form  a  transition  toward  that  which  we  see  in  A.  erecta,  where  there  are  actual 
spines;  I  even  find  in  the  A.  riisei  specimen,  at  about  the  middle  of  one  of  the 
interradii,  two  very  distinct  little  spines  which  are  visible  only  from  the  Ophiuran's 
under  face.  The  mouth  shields  are  a  little  narrower  and  more  elongated  than  is 
shown  in  Liitken's  drawing,  where  the  adoral  plates  are  short  and  fairly  thick; 
a  shape  which  is  consequently  altogether  different  from  the  one  we  see  in  A.  erecta. 
The  first  brachial  under  plate  is  broadly  widened,  and  wider  than  in  A.  erecta,  a  shape 
which  corresponds  to  the  shortness  of  the  adoral  plates. 

Lxitken  has  not  mentioned  the  special  character  displayed  on  his  specimen 
by  the  second  brachial  spine  of  the  first  eight  or  nine  articles,  that  is  to  say,  up  to 
or  a  little  beyond  the  margin  of  the  disk ;  each  of  these  conical  spines  bear  at  their 
obtuse  end  a  crown  of  very  short  little  spinules,  which  are  conical  and  with  rounded 
points ;  this  crown  progressively  disappears  and  is  no  more  visible  beyond  the  disk. 
I  give  here  a  photograph  of  the  under  face  of  the  specimen  from  the  Copenhagen 
Museum  (pi.  6,  fig.  3). 

A.  atra  (Stimpson)  is  also  very  near  A.  erecta;  it  differs  from  it,  as  does  A.  riisei, 
in  having  wider  mouth  shields,  smaller  brachial  spines,  separated  under  brachial 
plates,  wider  adoral  plates,  and  no  spines  on  the  disk.1 

AMPHIODIA  (=AMPHIURA)  LttTKENI  (Ljungman). 

Plate  6,  figs.  1-2. 
Amphipholis  lutkeni  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  631. 

When  describing,  above,  AmpJiiura  erecta,  I  referred  to  A.  lutkeni  because 
it  also  has  spines  at  the  margin  of  the  disk.  We  know  that  A.  lutkeni  has  been 
described  by  Ljungman  from  a  single  specimen  found  at  Tortola,  at  a  depth  of 
10  fathoms.  Having  had  the  opportunity  to  examine  Ljungman's  original  specimen, 
which  was  most  kindly  lent  me  by  Professor  Th6el,  I  can  add  a  few  additional  facts 
to  Ljungman's  description,  and  I  also  reproduce  two  illustrations  representing 
the  upper  and  under  faces  of  this  species,  which  does  not  appear  to  have  been  either 
seen  or  mentioned  since  1871. 

The  disk  is  6  mm.  in  diameter.  The  arms  are  extremely  long;  their  length 
can  not  be  exactly  measured  because  they  are  more  or  less  twisted,  but  they  certainly 
exceed  80  mm. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  slightly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces ;  its  outline 
is  somewhat  irregular  in  the  single  specimen  which  I  have  in  hand.  The  upper  face 
is  covered  with  small,  subequal,  thin,  and  imbricated  plates,  among  which  no 
primary  plates  can  be  distinguished;  they  become  a  little  stronger  near  the  radial 
shields  and  near  the  margin  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces.  On  this  same 
margin  are  seen  a  certain  number  of  fairly  strong,  elongated,  conical,  and  pointed 
spines  which  are  sometimes  bent;  there  are  also  about  10  such  spines  in  each  inter- 

i  While  this  memoir  was  passing  through  the  press  I  received  from  the  United  States  National  Museum  three  specimens  of 
A .  riiiei  in  a  rather  bad  state;  the  words  on  the  label  were  almost  erased  and  I  am  unable  to  indicate  their  origin. 


70  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

radius.  The  radial  shields  are  narrow,  elongated,  almost  four  times  longer  than 
wide,  with  a  convex  internal  side  and  a  sharply  pointed  proximal  apex.  Their 
length  is  inferior  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk;  distally,  they  are  contiguous  on 
about  one-third  of  their  length,  and,  proximally,  they  are  separated  by  a  few  rows 
of  plates,  but  they  are  not  very  divergent. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  all  over  with  very  thin,  imbricated,  and 
equal  plates,  which  uninterruptedly  succeed  those  of  the  upper  face.  The  genital 
slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  lozenge-shaped  and  longer  than  wide,  with  four  equal 
sides  and  rounded  angles,  especially  the  lateral  angles,  which  are  very  obtuse.  The 
adoral  plates,  of  middling  size,  are  triangular,  with  three  more  or  less  concave  sides ; 
they  are  widened  outwardly,  and  one  can  see  a  thin  blade  which  separates  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  low.  The  oral 
papillae,  amounting  to  three,  are  subequal,  short,  rather  thick  with  a  blunt  point; 
the  internal  papilla,  however,  is  a  little  more  elongated  than  the  other  two. 

One  can  scarcely  distinguish  on  the  middle  of  the  upper  face  of  the  arms 
the  dark  longitudinal  line  indicated  by  Ljungman.  The  dorsal  plates  are  large 
and  extremely  wide,  at  least  three  times  wider  than  long,  with  an  almost  straight 
proximal  side,  a  wider  distal  side,  which  is  sometimes  a  little  depressed  in  its  middle, 
and  strongly  rounded  lateral  sides  joining  the  two  other  sides  by  angles  which 
are  also  rounded.  These  plates  are  sometimes  split  into  two  lateral  halves  by  a 
furrow  near  their  middle,  and  sometimes  the  number  of  pieces  is  even  larger,  owing 
to  there  being  two  or  three  irregular  furrows.  All  these  plates  are  contiguous. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  fairly  long,  triangular,  with  a  truncated  proximal 
angle  and  a  strongly  convex  distal  side.  The  succeeding  ones  are  pentagonal, 
much  wider  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle,  and  straight 
sides  which  meet  by  rounded  angles. 

The  lateral  plates  are  little  protruding.  They  carry  three  fairly  wide,  flattened 
slightly  lanceolate  spines,  the  point  of  which  is  obtuse  and  rough ;  these  spines  are 
about  the  same  length  and  they  equal  the  article. 

The  tentacular  scales,  two  in  number,  are  subequal  and  rather  large;  the  exter- 
nal scale,  supported  by  the  lateral  brachial  plate,  is  rounded ;  the  internal  one,  which 
is  inserted  on  the  ventral  plate,  is  more  elongated. 

A,  lufkeni  has  been  classified  by  Ljungman  in  the  genus  Amphipholis  which, 
according  to  him,  included  such  species  as  have  three  oral  papillae  on  each  side,  the 
external  papilla  being  either  wider  or  narrower  than  the  other  two.  As,  in 
A.  lufkeni,  the  three  papillae  are  subequal,  this  species  must  be  placed  in  the  section 
Amphiodia  of  Verrill. 

AMPHIODIA  (=AMPHIURA)  PtTLCHELLA  (Lyman). 

Amphiura  pulchella  LYMAN  (69),  p.  337. 
Amphiura  pulchella  LJUNOMAN  (71),  p.  648. 
Amphiura  pulchella  LYMAN  (75),  pi.  5,  fig.  75. 
Amphlura  pulchella  LYMAN  (82),  pp.  125  and  147. 
Amphiodia  pulchella  H.  L.  CLARK  (01),  p.  248. 

Albatross  station  2765.  Jan.  12,  1885.  Lat.  36°  43'  S.;  long.  56°  23'  W.; 
10.5  fathoms;  s.  brk.  sh.  Five  specimens. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  71 

Albatross',  Port  Castries,  Santa  Lucia.     One  specimen. 

Dry  Tortugas,  Florida.     Seven  specimens. 

The  description  which  Lyman  gave  in  1869,  as  well  as  the  scheme  of  the  mouth 
pieces  published  by  him  in  1875,  is  quite  sufficient  to  make  known  this  species 
which  belongs  to  Verrill's  Amphiodia  section,  and  is  easily  identified  by  the  under 
face  of  the  disk  being  covered  with  scales  which  succeed  those  of  the  upper  face, 
and  by  the  single  tentacular  scale.  All  my  examples  are  in  accordance  with  that 
description,  except  that  I  do  not  always  find  the  primary  plates  to  be  distinct, 
even  on  small  specimens. 

A.  pulchetta  has  been  met  with  on  the  coasts  of  Florida  between  18  and  39 
fathoms.  H.  L.  Clark  has  noted  it  also  at  Porto  Rico,  while  it  has  been  taken 
at  Santa  Lucia  by  the  Albatross  as  well  as  at  Dry  Tortugas. 

I  was  greatly  surprised  to  find  this  species  in  a  tube  bearing  the  label  of  station 
2765,  that  is  to  say  of  a  locality  lying  much  farther  south  of  the  localities  just 
mentioned,  but  there  can  be  no  mistake  as  to  the  determination  as  the  specimens 
altogether  agree  with  the  others.  If  there  has  been  no  mistake  in  the  labelling 
A.  pulchetta  extends,  consequently,  from  Florida  in  the  northern  hemisphere  to 
36°  south  latitude. 

AMPHIOPLUS  (=AMPHIURA)  ABDITA  (Verrill). 

Amphiura  abdita  VERRILL,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  vol.  2,  1871,  p.  132. 

Amphiwa  abdita  LYMAN  (75),  pi.  5,  fig.  82. 

Amphiura  abdita  KOSHLER  (07),  p.  306,  pi.  11,  figs.  24-25. 

Amphiura  macilenta  VERRILL,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  vol.  23,  1882,  pp.  142  and  408. 

Albatross  station  2146.  Apr.  2,  1884.  Lat.  9°  32'  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W.; 
34  fathoms;  brk.  sh.  One  small  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2242.  Sept  26,  1884.  Lat.  40°  15'  30"  N. ;  long.  70°  27'  W. ; 
58  fathoms;  gn.  m. ;  temp.  51.4°  F.  Many  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2317.  Jan.  15,  1885.  Lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46' 
45"  W.;  75  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  75°  F.  One  specimen. 

Grampus,  June,  1892.     One  specimen. 

West  coast  of  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Four  specimens. 

No  Name  Key,  Florida.     Several  specimens. 

Cedar  Keys,  Florida.     Three  specimens. 

The  specimen  from  station  2317,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  does  not 
reach  4  mm.,  is  noticeable  for  its  radial  shields  which  are  very  small,  rounded,  or 
triangular,  with  rounded  angles,  about  as  long  as  wide;  otherwise  as  in  abdita. 

Verrill  considered  it  likely  that  A.  macilenta,  formerly  described  by  him  as  a 
distinct  species,  was  the  young  of  A.  abdita.  After  having  examined  two  speci- 
mens determined  by  Verrill  as  A.  macilenta,  I  agree  with  his  conclusion. 

AMPHIOPLUS  (-AMPHIURA)  CUNEATA  (Lyman). 

Amphiura  cuneata  LYMAN  (82). 

Albatross  station  2401.     Mar.  14,  1885.     Lat.  28°  38'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  52'  30" 
W.;  142  fathoms;  gn.  m.  brk.  sh.     One  specimen. 
6061°— Bull.  84—14 6 


72  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Family  OPHIOMYCETID^}. 

OPHIOMYCES  MIRABILIS  Lyman. 

Plate  3,  fig.  6. 

Ophiomyces  mirabilis  LYMAN  (69),  p.  342. 
Ophiomyces  mirabilis  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  652. 
Ophiomyces  mirabilis  LYMAN  (82),  p.  242. 
Ophiomyces  mirabilis  LYMAN  (83),  p.  270. 
Ophiomyces  mirabilis  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  316. 

Albatross  station  2644.  Apr.  3,  1886.  Lat.  25°  40'  N.;  long.  80°  00'  W.;  193 
fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  43.4°  F.  Two  specimens. 

EisTi  Hawk  station  7286.  Feb.  19,  1902.  Lat.  24°  18'  N.;  long.  81°  47' 
45"  W.;  133  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  53.5°  F.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7296.  Feb.  26,  1902.  Lat.  24°  21'  25"  N.;  long.  81°  47' 
45"  W.;  122  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  54°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Lyman  gave  a  very  good  description  of  0.  mirabilis  but  he  did  not  illustrate  it. 
The  example  from  station  2644  is  of  rather  large  size  but  the  upper  face  is  entirely 
missing;  I  was  able  to  bring  the  arms  down  to  the  same  level  and  to  take  a  photo- 
graph of  the  under  face  which  I  reproduce  here  (pi.  3,  fig.  6). 

Family  OPHIACANTHID^. 

The  collection  of  Ophiurans  which  was  sent  me  by  the  United  States  National 
Museum  included  a  fairly  large  number  of  Ophiacanthidse,  some  of  which  are  new, 
while  the  others  belong  to  species  already  known.  Owing  to  the  special  difficulties 
which  are  experienced  when  making  determinations  in  that  family,  I  devoted 
myself  not  only  to  describing  the  former,  but  also,  and  with  special  attention,  to 
the  study  of  the  known  forms  regarding  which  our  knowledge  is  incomplete.  Several 
species  of  the  Ophiacanthidse  of  the  American  coasts  were  named  long  ago  by 
Verrill,  but  most  of  them  were  described  by  him  in  such  a  summary  way  that 
specialists  agree  that  it  is  impossible  to  identify  these  species,  the  more  so  as  they 
have  not  been  illustrated.  I  have  found  in  the  collection  of  the  National  Museum 
a  few  of  these  species,  and  I  have  been  able  to  obtain  the  cotypes  of  some  others, 
but  unfortunately  I  have  been  unable  to  borrow  all  the  species  which  I  should  like 
to  have  studied.  I  have  also  examined  with  great  benefit  a  few  specimens  deter- 
mined by  Liitken  or  by  Ljungman  which  were  most  kindly  lent  me  either  by  Pro- 
fessor The'el,  of  Stockholm,  or  by  my  friend  Doctor  Mortensen,  of  Copenhagen. 
Thanks  to  these  various  specimens,  I  have  been  able  either  to  ascertain  some  doubt- 
ful determinations  or  to  establish  some  comparisons,  or  again  to  complete,  with  full 
knowledge  of  the  question,  some  insufficient  descriptions.  My  researches  would  have 
been  more  complete  had  I  been  able  to  examine  a  few  Atlantic  forms  such  as 
Ojjhiacantha  cuspidata  Lyman,  segesta  Lyman,  and  varispina  Verrill,  the  affinities 
of  which  I  consider  as  being  somewhat  doubtful. 

Before  beginning  with  the  description  of  the  Ophiacanthidse,  I  must  admit 
that  I  feel  somewhat  puzzled,  aa  will  be  understood  by  those  who  have  studied  the 
Ophiurans.  The  classification  of  the  Ophiacanthidaa  now  represents  an  actual  chaos, 
and  the  very  limits  of  that  family  can  not  be  indicated  in  a  sufficiently  precise 


OPHIUKANS  OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  73 

manner.  We  should  be  very  thankful  to  Verrill  for  trying  to  establish  a  primary 
classification  of  these  forms  and  to  make  in  the  genus  OpTiiacantha  some  eliminations 
which  were  necessary,  owing  to  the  steadily  increasing  number  of  the  species  attrib- 
uted to  the  said  genus.  Unfortunately,  the  sections  established  by  Verrill  are  most 
unequal;  if  some  may  be  preserved,  as  having  the  value  of  genera,  others  hardly 
correspond  to  subgenera,  or  they  are  even  very  disputable  and  useless.  That  is 
why  Hubert  Lyman  Clark,  when  he  studied,  in  1911,  the  North  Pacific  ophiurans  in 
the  collection  of  the  National  Museum,  was  impelled  to  write:  "I  am  therefore 
reluctantly  compelled  to  ignore  VerrilTs  genera  for  the  present  and  use  OpTiiacantha 
in  a  very  wide  sense." 

In  fact,  Verrill  did  use,  as  a  basis  for  the  sections  introduced  by  him,  some 
characters  which,  at  first  sight,  seem  to  have  great  value,  but  which  practically  offer 
a  very  disturbing  lack  of  constancy  and  accuracy.  More  especially  the  respective 
size  and  the  mode  of  arrangement  of  the  oral  or  dental  papillae,  the  shape  of  the 
adoral  plates,  and  the  presence  or  absence  of  a  distal  lobe,  which  enables  the  said 
adoral  plates  to  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate,  the 
state  of  the  spines  which  form  at  the  basis  of  the  arms  and  on  each  side  some  rows 
which  dorsally  are  more  or  less  approximate,  the  lesser  or  greater  visibility  of  the 
upper  plate  of  the  disk,  are,  in  fact,  characters  which  essentially  alter  with  age, 
and  are  sometimes  found  to  vary  in  some  specimens  of  the  same  size.  I  have 
already  had  occasion  several  times  to  call  attention  to  their  inconstancy,  and  I 
shall  do  so  again  farther  on,  when  describing  such  species  as  Ophiacanfha  anomala, 
0.  lidentata,  OpTiiomitrella  americana,  etc.  But,  on  the  contrary,  I  am  of  the 
opinion  that  the  characters  of  the  shape  and  armature  of  the  tentacular  pores,  either 
oral  or  brachial,  which  may  vary  considerably  in  shape  and  be  either  deprived 
of  or  provided  with  scales  having  quite  peculiar  shapes  and  disposition,  the 
presence  of  genuine  granules  which  extend  up  to  the  oral  plates,  the  flattening  and 
widening  of  the  brachial  spines,  etc.,  represent  much  more  valuable  structures; 
consequently  some  of  the  genera  established  by  Verrill,  such  as  OpTiiopora,  OpTiio- 
limna,  OpTiiopristis,  seem  to  me  to  be  perfectly  justified.  I  have  myself  based 
on  some  characters  of  the  same  sort  such  genera  as  OpTiiotrema,  OpJiiomedea,  and 
Ophioleda.  Verrill  had  also  a  very  fortunate  inspiration  when  he  introduced  some 
sections  (OpTiiacanfheUa,  OpTiientrema)  for  certain  forms,  as  OpTiiacantha  troschdi, 
tuberculosa,  scolopendrica,  etc.,  or  when  he  separated  from  the  genus  Ophiomitra  the 
genus  Ophioplinthaca.  But  how  difficult  it  becomes  to  establish  the  limits  of  such 
genera  as  Ophiotreta,  OpTiiectodia,  Ophientodia,  Ophioscalus,  etc.  What  is  more,  it 
is  just  as  difficult  to  establish  a  limit  between  the  genus  OpTiiomitrdla,  created  by 
Verrill,  and  the  genus  OpTiiacantha,  in  the  restricted  meaning  he  gives  to  the  latter 
after  having  removed  from  it  a  whole  series  of  forms,  as  it  used  to  be  to  establish  a 
limit  between  the  genera  Ophiacanfha  and  Ophiomitra,  when  these  two  were  taken 
in  a  much  wider  meaning.  In  fact,  when  one  carefully  examines  several  species 
which  seem  to  be  attributive  to  the  genus  OpTiiacantha,  one  can  not  help  acknowledg- 
ing, the  presence,  in  most  cases,  on  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  of  very  distinct  plates, 
if  the  teguments  are  somewhat  thin,  and  especially  if  the  specimen  is  dry.  Is  it 
right,  then,  because  these  plates  are  small,  to  classify  this  example  as  an  OpTiiacantha, 


74  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

or,  in  case  they  are  larger,  as  an  Ophiomitrellaf  And  which  size  will  be  taken  as  a 
standard  for  marking  the  limit  ?  I  mention  this  case  because  it  seems  to  me  to  be 
one  of  the  most  delicate,  and  because  the  difficulty  caused  by  it  often  arises  with 
the  Ophiacanthidse;  should  the  characters  given  by  Verrill  to  the  genus  Ophiomitrdla 
be  very  rigorously  applied,  most  of  the  Ophiacanthse  would  finally  pass  over  to  that 
genus. 

Therefore,  I  repeat  that  some  of  the  genera  proposed  by  Verrill  are  absolutely 
justified  and  very  easy  of  application,  and  consequently  are  worthy  of  being 
preserved;  but  I  must  own  that  in  most  cases  the  generic  determination  of  the 
Ophiacanthidse  is  extremely  difficult.  Without  adopting  the  exclusive  use  of  the 
expression  Ophiacantha  for  all  the  cases,  as  has  been  done  by  H.  L.  Clark,  I  shall 
often  adhere  to  that  expression,  putting  between  brackets  the  name  of  the  section 
proposed  by  Verrill,  in  order  to  give  some  restriction  to  the  rather  extended  meaning 
of  the  first  name. 

OPHIACANTHA  ACDLEATA  Verrill. 

Plate  11,  figs.  1-2. 

Ophiacantha  aculeate.  VERRILL  (85),  p.  547. 
Ophiacantha  aculeata  VERRILL  (09),  p.  36. 
Ophiacantha  aculeata  VERRILL  (99a),  pp.  323  and  335. 

Albatross  station  2105.  Nov.  6,  1883.  Lat.  37°  50'  N.;  long.  73°  03'  50"  W.; 
1,395  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  41°  F.  Seven  specimens. 

I  have  been  able  to  confirm  my  identification  by  comparison  with  a  specimen 
determined  by  Verrill  and  coming  from  station  2725  Gat.  36°  34'  N.;  long.  73° 
48'  W.;  1,374  fathoms),  and  which  was  lent  me  by  the  National  Museum.  I  beg 
to  point  out,  on  this  subject,  that  0.  aculeata  was  described  by  Verrill  in  1885  from 
some  specimens  from  stations  2034  (depth  1,346  fathoms)  and  2105.  The  speci- 
mens which  were  sent  me  without  a  name  come  from  the  latter  station. 

In  VerrilTs  cotype  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  12.5  mm.  Five  out  of  seven 
specimens  which  I  have  studied  have  analogous  dimensions,  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  ranging  between  12  and  14  mm.;  two  others  are  a  little  larger  and  their 
diameter  reaches,  respectively,  15  and  17  mm.  The  arms,  which  are  generally 
incomplete,  may  be  very  long;  in  the  specimen  with  the  disk  15  mm.  wide,  one  of 
the  arms,  which  is  entire,  exceeds  90  mm.,  and  Verrill  states  the  length  of  the  arms 
to  be  110  mm. 

VerrilTs  description  is  rather  short  and  does  not  mention  certain  characters, 
such  as  the  shape  of  the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates,  etc.;  and  as  it  is  not 
accompanied  by  any  drawings,  I  feel  sure  that  it  would  not  permit  of  identifying 
the  species  with  certainty.  I  therefore  think  it  best  to  describe  the  latter  in  a  more 
complete  manner  and  to  reproduce  at  the  same  time  a  few  photographs  of  the  most 
characteristic  specimens. 

The  outline  of  the  disk  is  rounded.  The  convex  upper  face  is  covered  with 
rather  short  stumps  two  or  three  times  longer  than  wide,  the  surface  of  which  is 
rough  or  even  displays  fine  rugosities,  and  the  end  of  which  bears  a  few  short  and 
diverging  spinules.  These  stumps,  which  are  thick-set,  all  reach  the  same  height; 
they  are  scattered  uniformly  over  the  surface  of  the  disk  and  they  completely  hide 
the  outline  of  the  underlying  plates;  they  also  cover  up  the  radial  shields  which  are 


OPHIUBANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  75 

invisible.  Verrill  has  pointed  out  that  these  stumps  were  "smaller,  longer,  and 
more  slender  than  in  0.  lidentata,"  with  which  he  connects  0.  aculeate. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk,  in  the  interradial  spaces,  is  covered  with  stumps 
which  are  analogous  to  those  of  the  upper  face  but  shorter,  a  little  thicker,  less 
dense,  and  allowing  the  outlines  of  the  plates  to  be  seen;  they  extend  as  far  as 
the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are  elongated  and  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  small  and  much  wider  than  long,  triangular  or 
lozenge-shaped,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  limited  by  two  straight  sides  which 
meet,  by  a  rounded  angle,  the  distal  side,  which  is  more  or  less  convex;  the  latter 
is  usually  parted  into  two  sides,  united  by  a  rounded  and  protruding  angle. 
According  to  the  more  or  less  protruding  character  of  this  angle,  the  shield  is  either 
triangular  or  lozenge-shaped.  The  adoral  plates  are  elongated,  narrow,  three  or 
four  times  longer  than  wide,  with  [almost  parallel  edges;  they  send  outwardly  a 
rather  narrow  blade  which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral 
brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  fairly  large,  high,  and  triangular.  The  oral 
papillae,  as  a  rule,  are  three  on  each  side ;  the  external  one  is  flattened  and  very 
much  widened,  chiefly  at  its  base,  but  it  often  has  an  end  which  is  thinner  and 
terminates  in  an  obtuse  point.  Such  is,  at  least,  the  arrangement  which  I  observe 
on  the  example  from  station  2725  and  which  I  also  find  on  one  of  the  specimens  from 
station  2105,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  reaches  14  mm.  On  the  others  the 
arrangement  of  the  oral  papillae  remains  regular  at  least  on  certain  sides  of  the 
oral  angles,  but  it  is  more  or  less  altered  on  other  sides.  Verrill  has  pointed 
out  that  "sometimes  an  additional  smaller  one  [oral  papilla]  stands  out  of  line, 
behind  those  in  the  regular  row."  On  the  specimen  from  which  I  made  my  descrip- 
tion (pi.  11,  fig.  2),  one  of  the  oral  plates  carries  a  supplemental  papilla,  so  that 
there  are  four  in  all  on  that  side,  the  external  one  always  keeping  the  usual  widened 
form,  and  the  other  three  being  conical  and  equal ;  on  another  side  I  notice  a  little 
papilla  which  lies  near  the  second  normal  one ;  the  other  eight  sides  present  the  usual 
arrangement.  On  two  other  examples  there  is  on  two  sides  a  little  supplemental 
papilla  located  between  the  most  external  and  the  preceding  one.  Finally,  in  others, 
one  may  find,  instead  of  a  single  and  odd  dental  papilla,  two  or  three  larger  or  smaller 
papillae  which,  moreover,  remain  irregular  in  shape  and  number  in  the  same  speci- 
men. In  the  largest  specimen  two  dental  papillae  are  generally  to  be  noticed, 
except  on  one  of  the  jaws,  and  besides,  sometimes  there  is  a  supplemental  oral 
papilla  on  the  sides,  and  therefore  here  is  another  example  worth  pointing  out  of 
the  variations  which  the  oral  and  dental  papillae  of  the  Ophiacanthidae  may  offer. 
I  beg  to  call  attention  to  these  differences  owing  to  the  importance  given  by  Verrill, 
when  he  classified  the  Ophiacanthidae,  to  the  arrangement  of  these  papillae ;  in  fact 
if  we  strictly  observed  the  diagnoses  of  the  genera  or  subgenera  which  he  established, 
certain  specimens  from  station  2105  ought  to  be  classified  in  the  genus  Ophiacantha, 
s.  str.,  others  in  the  genus  Ophientodia,  and  a  few  might  be  placed  indifferently 
in  one  genus  or  the  other,  according  to  which  mouth  angle  one  considers. 

The  arms  are  long,  fairly  wide,  and  not  at  all  monilifonn,  although  the  lateral 
brachial  plates  are  fairly  protruding;  they  gradually  get  narrower  up  to  their  ends 
and  the  articles  are  short.  The  upper  brachial  plates  are  fairly  large,  triangular, 
with  an  acute  proximal  angle,  and  a  wide  and  convex  distal  side ;  they  are  wider  than 


76  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

long.  In  the  large  specimens  they  are  contiguous  on  the  first  brachial  article,  then 
are  separated  by  an  interval  which  is  never  very  long  except  in  the  terminal  part 
of  the  arms.  On  the  specimens  the  disk  of  which  ranges  from  12  to  14  mm.  in 
width,  these  plates  may  already  be  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arms  by  a  narrow 
interval. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate,  which  is  rather  small,  is  triangular  with  a  con- 
vex distal  side  on  the  small  specimens,  and  pentagonal  on  the  larger  ones;  it  has 
in  the  latter  case  two  distal  sides  which  meet  in  an  obtuse  angle,  two  straight  lateral 
sides,  and  a  rounded  proximal  side.  The  second  plate  is  very  large,  triangular, 
almost  twice  wider  than  long,  or  even  wider  still;  in  the  larger  specimens  the 
proximal  angle  is  more  or  less  opened,  the  distal  side  is  very  wide  and  convex;  this 
second  plate  is  already  separated  from  the  first  one  by  the  lateral  plates.  The 
succeeding  plates  are  pentagonal  with  a  most  obtuse  proximal  angle,  straight  lateral 
sides,  and  a  very  convex  distal  side;  they  very  rapidly  grow  narrower  though 
remaining  somewhat  wider  than  long  and  the  interspace  between  them  becomes 
longer  and  longer.  At  a  distance  of  2  centimeters  from  the  base  of  the  arms  this 
space  is  equal  to  the  length  of  the  said  plates  but  exceeds  it  in  the  second  half  of 
the  arms. 

The  lateral  brachial  plates  are  fairly  protruding  and  each  of  them  bears  eight 
spines  on  the  largest  samples.  These  are  elongated,  rather  thin,  pointed,  and  their 
length  increases  from  the  first  ventral  one,  which  is  longer  than  the  article,  to  the 
penultimate  dorsal  one,  which  reaches  two  and  a  half  articles,  the  last  one  being 
often  rather  smaller  than  the  foregoing  one.  The  surface  of  these  spines  may  offer 
rugosities  and  even  conical  denticulations,  always  fairly  short,  which  appear  chiefly 
on  the  ventral  and  lateral  spines  and  almost  completely  disappear  on  the  dorsal 
ones,  the  surface  of  which  has  simply  a  rough  appearance  when  seen  through  the 
microscope.  The  two  lateral  rows  of  spines  always  remain  separated  from  each 
other  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  I  do  not  notice  that  they  are,  as  Verrill  says, 
"forming  an  almost  continuous  band  above."  The  spines  become  a  little  shorter 
and  fewer  toward  the  end  of  the  arms,  but  the  length  of  the  dorsal  ones  remains 
always  almost  equal  to  two  articles. 

The  tentacular  scale  is  not  very  large,  but  it  is  a  little  widened  at  the  base  of 
the  arms ;  it  is  conical  and  rather  pointed  on  the  smaller  examples  while  it  becomes 
obtuse  at  the  end  on  the  larger  ones,  and  it  is  often  slightly  bent;  it  becomes  a 
little  thinner  at  a  certain  distance  from  the  disk.  Its  surface  is  rough  and  there 
are  even  to  be  seen  at  its  end  a  few  small  spinules  on  the  smallest  specimens. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  yellowish  and  the  upper  face  of  the  disk 
is  sometimes  a  little  darker.  Verrill  says  that  the  color  of  the  live  animal  is  light 
orange  or  buff. 

Therefore,  to  sum  up,  0.  aculeata  shows  the  following  main  features :  The  size 
is  large,  since  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  17  mm.  in  the  largest  known 
specimens;  the  said  disk  is  rounded,  not  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces,  and 
it  is  covered  by  small  stumps  which  are  fairly  elongated  and  spinulous.  The  oral 
papillae  number  three  on  each  side,  the  external  one  being  always  widened  with 
the  possible  intercalation  of  a  supplemental  papilla;  the  number  of  tooth  papillae 
ranges  from  one  to  three.  The  upper  brachial  plates  are  large,  triangular,  fairly 


OPHIUBANS   OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  77 

approximated  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  the  under  brachial  plates  are  pentagonal, 
middle-sized,  always  a  little  wider  than  long.  The  brachial  spines,  amounting  to 
seven  or  eight,  are  hardly  echinulated,  rather  thin,  elongated,  and  the  length  of  the 
dorsal  ones  equals  at  least  two  and  a  half  articles.  The  tentacular  scale  is  middle- 
sized  with  a  rather  obtuse  point  in  the  largest  specimens. 

I  shall  refer  again  to  0.  aculeata  a  little  further  on  when  studying  0.  fraterna 
and  0.  meridionalis. 

OPHIACANTHA  ANOMALA  Sars. 

Plate  15,  figs.  3-5. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  G.  O.  SABS,  Forh.  Vidensk.  Selsk.,  1871,  p.  12. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  VERRILL,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  vol.  16, 1878,  p.  214. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  VERRILL,  Check  list  Mar.  Invert.,  1879,  p.  14. 

OphiacantJia  anomala  LYMAN  (82),  pp.  179  and  198. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  LYMAN  (83),  p.  260. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  STORM,  Kong.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.,  1883,  p.  10. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  VERRILL  (85),  p.  547. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  LUDWIG,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Berlin,  1899,  p.  21. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  VERRILL  (99),  p.  36. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  VERRILL  (99a),  pp.  324,  335,  339. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  MORTENSEN  (03),  p.  86. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  LUDWIG  (04),  p.  694. 

Ophiacantha  anomala  MORTENSEN  (10),  p.  290. 

?  Ophiacantha  nodosa  LYMAN  (82),  p.  192,  pi.  22,  figs.  1-4. 

Albatross  station  2068.  Sept.  1,  1883.  Lat.  42°  03'  N.;  long.  65°  48'  40"  W.; 
131  fathoms;  s.,  fne.  g.,  etc.;  temp.  42°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2663.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  39'  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
421  fathoms;  br.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2668.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  38' 
30"  W.;  294  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  46.3°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2669.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  31°  09' N.;  long.  73°  33' 30"  W.; 
352  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  43.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Although  0.  anomala  has  often  been  cited  by  authors,  for  it  has  often  been  met 
with  in  the  northern  seas  of  Europe,  and  Verrill  has  reported  it,  as  long  ago  as  1878, 
on  the  coasts  of  North  America,  it  is  after  all  little  known,  and  I  do  not  think 
anything  has  ever  been  added  to  the  original,  and  by  the  way,  excellent  description 
which  Sars  published  in  1871  and  which  was  made  from  a  specimen  11  mm.  wide. 
But  I  observe,  either  on  the  specimens  gathered  by  the  Albatross  in  American  seas, 
or  on  those  coming  from  European  seaa  which  were  lent  to  me  or  which  are  in 
my  own  collection,  such  variations  as  relate  chiefly  to  the  age  of  the  examples  and 
which  it  is  important  to  note,  the  more  so  because  some  of  these  differences 
apply  to  the  characters  which  Verrill  referred  to  in  order  to  classify  the  Ophi- 
acanthidae;  it  will  consequently  be  of  value  to  describe  these  specimens  and  to 
publish  illustrations  of  some  of  them. 

In  the  specimens  which  I  have  in  hand,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between 
12  and  5  mm.;  all  of  them  have  six  arms.  The  disk  is  hexagonal,  generally  a  little 
excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  In  the  younger  specimens,  the  upper  face 


78  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

offers  distinct  plates,  each  of  which  carries  a  rather  elongated  little  stump,  which 
is  thick,  cylindrical,  having  a  rough  surface  and  its  end  terminated  by  a  few 
elongated  spinules  which  are  rather  thin  and  somewhat  divergent.  One  may 
generally  see  ten  protruding  and  more  or  less  visible  radial  ribs  at  the  end  of  each 
of  which  there  is  a  li ttle  radial  triangular  shield,  which  is  bare  and  separated  from 
the  one  opposite  by  a  rather  narrow  interval.  On  the  larger  specimens,  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  ranges  from  8  to  10  or  11  mm.,  the  outlines  of  the 
upper  plates  become  less  discernible,  though  still  distinct,  and  the  little  stumps 
which  they  carry  are  shorter  and  much  stronger;  the  spinules  at  the  ends  of  the  said 
stumps  are  also  fewer,  shorter,  thicker,  unequal,  and  rather  erect.  The  radial 
ribs  are  not  always  apparent,  but  one  can  easily  see  the  very  small  radial  shields, 
which  are  lying  fairly  close.  In  the  largest  specimen  which  I  have  studied  (station 
2668),  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  reaches  12  mm.,  the  little  staves  of  the  upper 
face  of  the  disk  appear  in  the  form  of  thick,  elongated  granules  with  rough  ends,  which 
at  first  sight  differ  from  those  of  the  smaller  specimens  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm.,  but  which  are,  nevertheless,  connected  with  the  latter 
through  a  set  of  intermediate  forms. 

Like  arrangements  are  found  again  on  the  under  face  of  the  disk  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces.  The  stumps  of  the  plates  extend  up  to  the  mouth  shields  and 
become  progressively  smaller  and  shorter,  and  at  the  same  time,  less  rough  and  less 
spinulous. 

The  shape  of  the  mouth  shields  varies  with  age.  In  the  smaller  specimens 
(plate  15,  fig.  5),  these  shields  are  in  the  shape  of  triangles  or  lozenges,  a  little  wider 
than  long,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  side,  splitting  some- 
times into  two  sides  united  by  a  very  plainly  rounded  angle.  As  the  Ophiuran  is 
growing,  the  mouth  shield  becomes  longer  and  it  very  soon  grows  to  be  longer 
than  wide;  it  then  appears  fairly  narrow  and  rather  small,  wider  in  its  proximal 
part  than  in  its  distal  region,  with  an  exceedingly  obtuse  proximal  angle  which 
may  even  reach  180°,  converging  lateral  sides  and  a  very  narrow  and  rounded 
distal  side  (fig.  4).  This  shape  reminds  one,  as  already  pointed  out  by  Sars,  of 
that  of  the  mouth  shields  of  0.  spectabilis.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  middle- 
sized,  are  short,  fairly  broad,  and  have  parallel  sides.  The  oral  plates  are  high  and 
triangular.  Sars,  in  his  description,  indicates  four  oral  papillae  on  each  side.  In 
fact,  I  never  find  more  than  three  in  the  young  ones;  they  are  thin,  very  long, 
conical,  pointed,  and  have  about  all  the  same  shape  although  their  thickness 
slightly  increases  from  the  external  to  the  internal  papilla.  There  is  an  odd  dental 
papilla  which  is  stronger  than  the  neighboring  papillae,  elongated  and  conical.  In 
the  adult,  the  number  of  oral  papillae  is  increased  by  the  intercalation  of  two,  or 
even  three,  supplementary  papillae,  which  break  the  regular  arrangement  of  the 
first  papillae  with  which  they  are  not  in  line;  the  result  is  that  the  oral  papillae 
show  some  variations  in  number  and  disposition.  Generally  speaking,  the  external 
papilla  always  remains  somewhat  wider  than  the  others.  Moreover,  near  the 
till  then  single  dental  papilla,  are  seen  one  or  two  other  papillae,  so  that  the  jaw 
is  terminated  with  dental  papillae,  the  number  of  which  varies  from  one  to  three. 
Consequently,  the  specimens  which  had  first  presented,  by  the  arrangement  of  their 
oral  and  dental  papillae,  the  characters  of  the  true  Ophiacaniha  in  the  restricted 


OPHIUBANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  79 

meaning  adopted  by  Verrill,  afterwards  take  on  the  characters  of  the  genus  Ophien- 
todia  of  the  same  author. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  rather  small,  triangular,  with  a  widely  opened 
proximal  angle  and  a  strongly  convex  distal  side ;  they  are  wider  than  long  and  sepa- 
rated by  a  fairly  long  interval. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  narrower  in  its  proximal 
than  in  its  distal  part,  with  diverging  lateral  sides.  The  second  one  is  large,  very 
much  widened  distally,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  diverging  lateral  sides,  and 
a  very  convex  distal  side,  which  may  sometimes  present,  in  its  middle,  a  very  small 
and  feebly  protruding,  widened  median  lobe.  On  the  following  plates  the  width 
slightly  decreases  and  the  distal  side  becomes  more  strongly  convex;  therefore,  the 
plates  become  longer  than  wide,  at  the  same  time  as  the  proximal  angle  becomes 
more  open.  This  elongated  form  of  the  under  brachial  plates  is  quite  striking,  and 
in  the  young  specimens  these  plates  are  seen  to  become  sometimes  even  almost  twice 
longer  than  wide.  I  usually  notice,  on  the  under  face  of  the  plate,  within  the  distal 
side  and  parallel  with  it,  two  or  three  concentric  striae,  which  are  rather  wide  apart. 
The  under  plates  always  remain  separated  by  a  narrower  interval  in  the  adults  than 
in  the  young. 

The  lateral  plates  bear  on  their  somewhat  swollen  distal  side  seven  or  eight 
spines  of  increasing  length  from  the  first,  which  is  almost  equal  to  the  article,  to  the 
last  one,  which  may  reach  the  length  of  two  and  a  half  articles.  These  spines 
are  provided  with  fine  and  close  denticulations  in  the  young,  which,  however,  are 
less  apparent  in  the  adult,  where  they  nevertheless  remain  visible  through  the 
microscope. 

The  tentacular  scale  is  fairly  large  and  wide,  somewhat  lanceolate,  with  a  very 
rough  end.  On  the  larger  specimens  this  end  is  simply  rounded,  but  on  the  two 
smallest  specimens,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  does  not  exceed  5  mm.,  this 
scale  is  narrower  and  sharper,  more  so  in  one  of  them  than  in  the  other;  in  all  the 
others  the  tentacular  scale  displays  the  form  which  I  have  just  indicated.  On  the 
large  specimens  the  tentacular  brachial  pores  of  the  first  pair  always  carry  two 
scales. 

Owing  to  the  presence  of  distinct  plates  on  the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  this 
species  ought  to  be  classified  in  the  genus  OphwrnitreOa,  if  Verrill's  classification 
be  strictly  adhered  to.  On  the  other  hand,  we  have  seen  that  the  oral  papillae 
are  losing  their  regular  arrangement  with  age;  they  may  also  become  more  numerous 
as  the  number  of  the  dental  papilla?  increases,  such  being  the  case  in  the  species 
classified  by  Verrill  in  his  genus  Ophientodia. 

When  studying  the  descriptions  and  drawings  of  Ophiacaniha  nodosa  published 
by  Lyman,  the  question  may  be  asked  what  are  the  characters  on  which  that  author 
has  based  the  separation  of  that  species  from  0.  anomala.  The  most  important 
difference  which  I  find  refers  to  the  under  brachial  plates,  which,  according  to  Lyman, 
are  a  little  wider  than  long,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  Lyman  had  at  his 
disposal  but  one  specimen,  the  arms  of  which  were  broken  near  the  disk,  and  conse- 
quently he  was  unable  to  observe  the  changes  in  the  form  and  elongation  of  the 
successive  under  brachial  plates,  so  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  take  this  character 
into  account.  Therefore,  the  two  species  seem  to  me  very  likely  to  be  synonyms. 


80  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

However,  it  must  be  noted  that  0.  nodosa  comes  from  a  depth  (1,525  fathoms), 
where  0.  anomala  has  never  been  found. 

0.  anomala  is  known  from  the  Arctic  regions  of  Europe  and  on  the  coasts  of 
North  America;  it  has  been  found  chiefly  in  the  waters  of  Nova  Scotia  in  about  100 
to  130  fathoms.  According  to  the  indications  of  the  stations  which  I  have  given 
above,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Albatross  has  taken  0.  anomala  in  more  southern 
stations,  between  42°  and  31°  north  latitude.  According  to  Lyman,  0.  anomala 
occurs  in  a  depth  of  524  fathoms,  but  the  determination  is  doubtful. 

OPHIACANTHA  ASPERA  Lyrnan. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Verrill  (99),  p.  44. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  316. 

Albatross  station  2159.  Apr.  30,  1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N. ;  long.  82°  20'  08" 
W.;  98  fathoms;  co.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2166.  May  1,  1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30" 
W.;  196  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  71.9°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2167.  May  1,  1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30" 
W.;  201  fathoms;  co.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2335.  Jan.  19, 1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39" N.;  long.  82°  20'  21" 
W.;  204  fathoms.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2342.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21" 
W.;  201  fathoms;  co.  Two  specimens. 

Blake;  2  miles  E.  off  Havana;  200  fathoms.     Two  specimens. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm.  in  general ;  the  arms  are  rarely 
preserved,  except  on  one  of  the  examples  from  Havana. 

Lyman's  description  has  been  completed  and  rectified  by  Verrill,  and  the 
specimens  are  quite  in  accordance  with  those  of  the  latter  naturalist,  as  well  as 
those  I  mentioned  in  1907.  The  species  is  well  characterized  and  easily  to  be 
detected. 

0.  aspera  has  been  met  with  in  various  localities  of  the  West  Indies  between 
73  and  262  fathoms. 

OPHIACANTHA  BIDENTATA  (Retziui). 

Plate  8,  figs.  3-4. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Kcehler  (09),  p.  184. 
Mortensen  (10),  p.  274. 
Grieg  (10),  p.  5. 
Kcehler(13a),  p.  14. 

St.  Augustine,  Florida.     No  depth  mentioned.     One  dry  specimen. 

The  oral  papillae  show  the  usual  arrangement. 

I  have  had  quite  recently  occasion  (13a,  p.  14)  to  speak  of  the  variations  which 
the  oral  papillae  of  0.  bidentata  may  present  in  their  number,  as  well  as  in  their 
arrangement,  when  studying  the  specimens  which  Charcot  had  gathered  in  the 
northern  regions  of  European  seas.  The  examination  of  certain  specimens  of  0. 
bidentata  shows  how  difficult,  and  at  the  same  time  how  dangerous,  it  is  to  establish 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  81 

a  classification  among  the  Ophiacanthidse,  taking  as  a  basis  the  characters  of  the 
mouth  papillae  only.  In  a  lot  coming  from  one  and  the  same  locality  one  may 
find,  beside  such  examples  as  have  three  oral  papillae,  the  last  of  which  is  widened, 
some  others  which  have  a  regular  row  of  four  subequal  papillae  and  sometimes 
even  five ;  this  structure  might  be  due  to  a  splitting  of  the  external  papilla,  as 
formerly  suggested  by  Duncan  and  Sladen.  But  besides  the  three  or  four  papillae 
which  form  a  regular  row,  there  may  also  be  seen  either  one  or  a  variable  number 
of  papillae,  which  are  inserted  on  a  different  level  from  the  others  and  are  generally 
smaller  than  they  are.  These  supplementary  papillae  often  appear  at  the  junction 
of  the  oral  and  adoral  plates,  and  they  may  vary  in  number  from  one  to  five ;  but 
they  may  also  appear  near  the  terminal  tooth  papilla,  and  thus  constitute  supple- 
mentary tooth  papillse  which  are  almost  as  much  developed  as  the  normal  papillse. 
All  these  variations  are  observed  on  specimens  of  equal  size;  they  appear  to  very 
variable  degrees  on  the  mouth  angles  of  the  same  specimen,  and  they  are  absolutely 
not  due  to  age.  So  that,  according  to  which  specimen  is  observed,  nay,  even  accord- 
ing to  which  of  the  mouth  angles  of  the  same  specimen  is  observed,  one  is  likely  to 
meet  the  characters  which  Verrill  took  as  a  basis  either  to  maintain  the  genus 
Ophiacantha,  s.  str.,  or  to  establish  new  genera,  such  as  those  called  by  him  Ophiec- 
todia  or  Ophientodia,  the  value  of  which  becomes  consequently  very  doubtful. 

One  may  see,  by  the  illustrations  which  I  reproduce  here,  and  which  represent 
the  under  face  of  the  disk  of  two  0.  bidentata  from  Icelandic  waters,  how  much 
the  mouth  papillae  may  differ  either  by  their  number  or  by  their  arrangement  from 
the  type  admitted  as  being  normal  (pi.  8,  figs.  3  and  4). 

OPHIACANTHA  ECHINULATA  Lyman. 

Ophiacantha  echinulata  LYMAN  (78a),  p.  229,  pi.  1,  figs.  7-9. 

Ophiacantha  echinulata  LYMAN  (83),  p.  262. 

Ophioscalus  echinulatus  VERRILL  (99),  p.  39. 

Ophioscalus  echinulatus  VERKILL  (99a),  pp.  327,  331,  336,  and  338. 

Ophiacantha  pectinula  VERRILL  (99o),  pp.  325,  338,  340,  and  342. 

Ophiacantha  echinulata  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  319. 

Albatross  station  2117.  Jan.  27,  1884.  Lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31' 
30"  W.;  683  fathoms;  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2629.  Mar.  8,  1886.  Lat.  16°  54'  N.;  long.  75°  10'  40"  W.; 
1,169  fathoms;  co.  s.;  temp.  38.4°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2651.  Nov.  28,  1887.  Lat.  16°  54'  N.;  long.  63°  12'  W.; 
687  fathoms;  wh.  oz.;  temp.  73.4°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  two  specimens  from  stations  2629  and  2651  are  in  good  condition;  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  5.5  and  6  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  from  40  to 
45  mm.  long.  The  third  specimen  is  somewhat  larger,  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
reaching  7  mm.,  but  the  arms  are  incomplete. 

These  specimens  are  not  absolutely  in  agreement  with  the  type  which  Lyman 
described  and  figured  in  1878  from  a  single  specimen,  and  especially  they  do  not 
offer  the  bare  widened  radial  shields  which  that  writer  indicated,  but  it  must  be 
noticed  that,  in  the  year  1883,  after  having  studied  many  specimens  gathered  by 
the  Blake  in  several  stations  of  the  West  Indies,  Lyman  wrote  (83,  p.  262) :  "Some- 


82  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

times  the  radial  shields  can  not  be  seen,  but  are  quite  hidden  by  the  short  disk 
spines."  Now,  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  possesses  one  specimen  of  0.  echinulata,  from 
the  dredgings  of  the  Blake  (the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  from  8  to  8.5  mm.), 
in  which  the  upper  face  shows  the  same  characters  as  those  of  the  Albatross  speci- 
mens which  I  have  in  hand,  and  the  radial  shields  of  which  are  small,  separated, 
and  more  or  less  hidden  by  the  spines.  This  specimen  was  most  likely  studied  and 
determined  by  Lyman  himself,  and  we  have  just  seen  that  this  writer  admits  some 
variations  in  the  shape  and  armature  of  the  radial  shields.  I  shall  add  that,  in 
their  other  characters,  the  specimens  from  the  Albatross  are  altogether  in  con- 
formity with  that  example  from  the  Blake,  and  they  undoubtedly  belong  to  the  same 
species,  whichever  name  be  given  to  the  latter. 

On  the  other  hand,  Verrill,  in  1899,  thought  it  advisable  to  create  for  0.  echi- 
nulata the  subgenus  Ophioscalus,  which  he  characterizes  especially  by  the  large 
bare  widened  radial  shields  remaining  in  contact  almost  on  their  whole  length ; 
these  characters  are  borrowed  from  the  description  which  Lyman  had  made  in  1878 
from  his  single  example,  but  the  correction  made  by  that  writer  in  1883  is  not 
taken  into  account.  A  little  later  on,  but  still  in  1899  (99a,  p.  342),  Verrill  created 
for  an  Ophiacaniha  which  came  from  the  dredgings  of  the  Blake  and  which  Lyman 
had  sent  to  him  under  the  name  of  0.  echinulata,,  a  new  species,  to  which  he  gave 
the  name  of  0.  pectinula  and  which  he  classifies  in  his  genus  Ophiectodia,  owing  to 
the  arrangement  of  the  oral  papillae,  to  which  I  shall  refer  presently.  Now,  apart 
from  the  character  of  the  oral  papillae,  0.  pectinula  is  astonishingly  like  an 
0.  echinulata  which  is  not  provided  with  those  widened  radial  shields  which  Lyman 
pointed  out  in  1878,  but  presents  the  shape  indicated  by  him  in  1883.  However, 
in  O.  pectinula  there  are  on  the  distal  side  of  the  upper  brachial  plates  very  thin, 
short,  and  pointed  little  spines,  and  this  is  undoubtedly  the  character  which  Verrill 
wanted  to  recall  in  the  specific  name  chosen  by  him.  Now,  I  find  again  these  small 
marginal  spines  not  only  in  the  three  examples  from  the  National  Museum,  but  also 
in  the  specimen  coming  from  the  dredgings  of  the  Blake  and  kept  at  the  Jardin 
des  Plantes. 

When  describing  0.  echinulata,  Lyman,  who  did  not  ascribe  to  the  oral  and 
tooth  papillae  the  same  importance  as  Verrill  afterwards  gave  them,  says  only  that 
the  papillae  amount  to  from  11 -to  14  in  each  mouth  angle,  the  external  papillae 
being  larger,  and  that  the  end  of  each  jaw  bears  one  or  two  papillae  which  are 
larger  than  the  others.  On  the  other  hand,  Verrill  characterizes  his  genus  Ophiec- 
todia by  the  existence  of  extremely  numerous  oral  papillae  which  build  a  bunch 
or  a  double  row  on  the  level  of  the  tentacular  mouth  pore;  in  bis  description  of 
0.  pectinula  he  begins  by  mentioning  a  first  series  of  four  or  five  papillae  which 
build  a  regular  row,  after  which  there  appear  on  the  level  of  the  tentacular  pore 
five  or  six  distal  papillae.  Now,  I  observe  this  arrangement  in  none  of  the  specimens 
which  I  have  in  hand ;  in  these  the  oral  papillae  generally  amount  to  five  in  all  and 
form  a  regular  row;  they  are  elongated,  conical,  pointed,  and  the  last  two,  which 
stand  on  the  level  of  the  tentacular  mouth  pore  but  are  not  separated  from  the 
preceding  ones,  are  most  generally  either  a  little  longer  or  a  little  wider  than  the 
others.  As  to  the  tooth  papillae,  they  vary  in  number  and  in  size;  they  are  some- 
times two,  sometimes  three  or  four.  But  I  repeat  that  I  fail  to  find  the  slightest 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  83 

trace  of  these  special  papillae  which  should  form  a  bunch  or  a  double  row  so  as  to 
build  for  the  mouth  pore  that  particular  covering  indicated  by  Verrill. 

I  can  not,  therefore,  give  to  my  specimens  the  name  of  Ophiectodia  pectinula 
and  I  retain  for  them  the  name  of  Ophiacantha  echinulata.  Besides,  there  can  be 
no  objection  to  that  species  being  classified  in  the  subgenus  Ophioscalus  of  Verrill. 

Thus  0.  echinulata  remains  well  characterized  by  the  peculiar  covering  of  the 
upper  face  of  the  disk,  which  may  hide,  more  or  less  completely,  the  radial  shields, 
and  the  latter  offer,  in  their  shape  and  size,  the  variations  indicated  by  Lyman. 
The  species  is  also  featured  by  the  tentacular  scale  of  the  brachial  pores,  which  is 
extremely  long,  narrow,  very  much  pointed  and  rough,  and  almost  as  long  as  the 
corresponding  under  brachial  plate ;  often,  but  not  always,  there  are  two  scales  on 
the  first  tentacular  brachial  pore ;  the  under  bracliial  plates,  which  are  elongated, 
narrow,  with  a  convex  distal  side,  have  also  a  rather  characteristic  shape. 

Apart  from  the  arrangement  of  the  oral  papillae,  the  description  given  by  Verrill 
of  0.  pectinula  may,  therefore,  apply  to  the  specimens  which  I  have  studied ;  but, 
on  the  other  hand,  I  can  not  separate  them  from  0.  echinulata,  for  it  is  understood 
that  as  regards  the  shape  of  the  radial  shields  such  a  restriction  must  be  made  as 
Lyman  himself  made  in  1883.  This  being  so,  must  Ophiectodia,  pectinula  be  con- 
sidered as  a  synonym  of  OpTiiacantha  echinulata^  Although  this  synonymy  be 
very  enticing,  I  do  not  think  it  ought  to  be  admitted  now,  since  Verrill  has  definitely 
taken  the  characters  of  the  oral  papillae  as  a  basis  for  the  separation  of  the  two  species. 
The  question  will  not  be  settled  except  by  comparing  a  great  many  specimens; 
especially  a  revision  of  the  specimens  gathered  by  the  Blake  and  indicated  by  Lyman 
in  1883  would  be  particularly  interesting  and  is  most  desirable. 

OPHIACANTHA  ENOPLA  Lyman. 

Fish  Hawk  station  1124.  Aug.  26;  1882.  Lat.  40°  01'  N.;  long.  68°  54'  W.; 
640  fathoms;  fne.  s.,  gn.  m.,  limestone  nodules;  temp.  39°  F.  One  specimen. 

OPHIACANTHA  FRATERNA  Verrill. 

Plate  11,  figs.  5-6. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Ophiacaniha  fraterna  VEEEILL  (85),  p.  545. 
Ophiacanthafraterna  VEBBILL  (99a),  pp.  321,  324. 

Albatross  station  2105.  Nov.  6,  1883.  Lat.  37°  50'  N.;  long.  73°  03'  50"  W.; 
1,395  fathoms;  glob,  oz.;  temp.  41°  F.  Nine  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2678.  May  6,  1886.  Lat.  32°  40'  N.;  long.  76°  40'  30"  W.; 
731  fathoms;  It.  gy.  oz.;  temp.  38.7°  F.  Three  specimens. 

In  the  larger  specimens  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  8  and  9.5  mm.; 
in  the  smallest  it  does  not  exceed  3  mm.  The  largest  examples  are  not  in  a  very 
good  state ;  the  brachial  spines  are  very  incomplete,  and  the  arms  themselves  are 
broken  at  a  small  distance  from  their  base.  In  an  example  with  a  disk  of  8  mm., 
the  arms  are  from  40  to  45  mm.  long. 

I  have  been  able  to  make  sure  of  my  determination  by  comparing  these  speci- 
mens with  a  specimen  determined  by  Verrill  and  lent  me  by  theU.  S.  National  Museum, 


84  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

and  which  came  also  from  the  dredgings  of  the  Albatross  (station  2573,  southeast  of 
Georges  Bank,  Sept.  2,  1885, 1,742  fathoms) .  This  specimen  is  in  a  fairly  good  state 
although  two  arms  are  broken  near  the  base  and  none  of  the  other  three  are  preserved 
to  their  entire  length;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  equals  10  mm. 

I  shall  avail  myself  of  the  opportunity  offered  me  to  study  this  species  to  add  a 
few  remarks  to  Verrill's  description  and  especially  to  reproduce  a  few  photographs 
of  that  form  which  has  never  been  figured ;  it  would  be,  in  fact,  very  difficult  to 
identify  it  only  by  the  information  given  by  Verrill. 

I  will  first  describe  the  example  determined  by  the  latter  and  afterwards  I  will 
compare  with  it  the  other  examples  which  I  have  in  hand. 

The  10  radial  ribs  indicated  by  Verrill  are  plainly  visible.  The  radial  shields 
in  which  they  end  are  quite  distinct,  though  small;  they  are  triangular,  a  little 
longer  than  wide,  and  bare  or  carry  only  a  few  little  stumps  near  their  periphery. 
The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  strongly  set  apart  from  each  other  and  separated 
by  an  interval  which  is  equal  to  the  width  of  the  corresponding  arm.  The  upper 
face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  extremely  thin,  rounded,  imbricated,  and  subequal 
plates,  which  become  very  apparent  after  they  have  been  freed  from  the  little 
stumps  borne  by  them.  These  stumps  really  have  the  shape  indicated  by  Verrill. 
I  shall  add  that  they  are  very  short,  very  much  widened  at  their  base,  and  rather 
conical;  the  spinules  which  terminate  them  are  rather  thick,  short,  very  irregularly 
arranged,  and  variable  in  number.  Each  plate  bears  only  one  such  little  stump. 

The  interradial  spaces  of  the  under  face  of  the  disk  are  covered  with  larger  and 
more  distinct  plates  than  on  the  upper  face,  and  consequently  the  stumps  are  not 
so  dense ;  they  become  shorter  as  they  get  nearer  to  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital 
slits  are  narrow,  elongated,  and  quite  distinct. 

The  mouth  shields  are  short  and  strongly  widened  transversely;  their  shape  is 
rather  irregular  on  the  specimen  from  Georges  Bank,  and  the  angles  are  more  or 
less  rounded;  I  observe  no  median  lobe  on  the  distal  side.  The  adoral  plates  are 
narrow,  elongated,  and  slightly  incurved  in  the  shape  of  a  crescent;  they  preserve 
the  same  width  over  their  whole  length  and  do  not  separate  the  mouth  shield  from 
the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  of  medium  size.  The  oral 
papillae,  amounting  to  three  on  each  side,  display  the  characters  indicated  by  Verrill; 
the  external  papilla,  especially,  is  conical  and  pointed  like  the  others,  and  even, 
perhaps,  a  little  smaller  than  they  are. 

The  arms  are  not  moniliform.  The  upper  bracbial  plates  are  large,  triangular, 
almost  as  long  as  wide,  or  a  little  wider  than  long,  with  a  "fairly  opened  proximal 
angle  limited  by  straight  sides,  and  a  very  convex  distal  edge.  On  the  first  10  or 
12  articles  the  proximal  angle  is  rather  strongly  truncated.  These  plates  are  at 
first  contiguous,  and  afterwards  separated  by  a  little  interval. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  wider  proximally  than 
distally,  with  a  small  and  rounded  distal  edge.  The  following  plates  are  middle- 
sized,  pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  side;  they 
are  first  much  wider  than  long,  and,  at  a  certain  distance  from  the  disk,  their  width 
slightly  decreases,  though  still  remaining  always  wider  than  long.  They  are 
separated  by  a  narrow  interval  from  the  base  of  the  arms. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  85 

Verrill  states  that  the  tentacular  scale  is  "flattened,  small,  tapered,  subacute"; 
the  form  which  I  observe  on  my  own  specimen  is  a  little  different.  Indeed,  this 
scale,  of  middle  size,  appears  flattened,  elongated,  fairly  wide,  and  it  always  keeps 
the  same  width  throughout  its  whole  length,  or  even  becomes  a  little  wider  in  its 
distal  part  to  end  with  a  rounded  edge;  its  surface  is  very  rough. 

All  the  specimens  from  stations  2105  and  2678  are  smaller  than  the  foregoing 
one,  and  display  a  few  differences  which  are  evidently  due  to  their  age.  The  radial 
ribs  are  distinct  on  only  a  few  specimens,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  ranges 
between  5  and  8  mm. ;  in  the  two  largest  ones,  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  displays 
corrugations  which  have  very  likely  caused  the  relief  of  the  ribs  to  disappear.  The 
upper  brachial  plates  are  generally  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arms.  The 
under  brachial  plates  are  always  wider  than  long  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  but  they 
afterwards  become  as  wide  as  long,  and  they  even  become  a  little  longer  than  wide 
at  the  ends  of  the  arms.  The  mouth  shields  often  have  their  side  angles  sharper 
than  those  of  the  specimen  from  station  2573,  but  they  generally  remain  rounded; 
the  oral  papillae  preserve  the  usual  arrangement.  On  the  two  larger  specimens 
from  station  2105,  the  tentacular  scales  of  the  first  brachial  articles  are  thinner 
and  sharper  than  on  the  articles  which  succeed  the  disk,  where  they  take  the  shape 
which  I  have  reported  above;  but  on  the  smaller  samples,  the  form  which  I  observe 
is  nearer  to  the  one  indicated  by  Verrill,  that  is  to  say,  the  scales  are  thinner  and 
subacute,  sometimes  a  little  lanceolate,  but  always  fairly  long. 

Verrill  connected  0.  fraterna  with  0.  bidentata,  the  latter  offering  certainly  a 
great  analogy  with  the  former.  It  will,  however,  always  be  possible  to  distinguish 
the  first  from  the  second  species;  by  the  form  of  the  external  oral  papilla  which  is 
not  widened  and  offers  the  same  shape  as  the  other  two  in  0.  fraterna,  where  it 
is  elongated,  cylindrical,  and  almost  spiniform;  by  the  brachial  spines  being  rougher; 
by  the  small  stumps  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  being  thinner  and  ending  in  a 
bunch  of  notably  stronger  spinules.  The  mouth  shields  and  the  adoral  plates  have 
almost  the  same  shape  in  both  species. 

But  it  is  not  to  0.  bidentata  that  0.  fraterna  is  most  closely  allied;  it  is 
undoubtedly  nearer  0.  aculeata  Verrill,  and  the  comparison  with  the  latter  is  all 
the  more  necessary  because  I  have  found  both  species  in  the  lot  of  Ophiurans  which 
came  from  station  2105.  All  the  0.  fraterna  of  that  lot  being  smaller  than  the 
0.  aculeata,  the  question  might  be  asked  whether  the  former  were  not  simply 
the  young  of  the  second  species.  Above  all,  the  shape  of  the  external  oral  papilla 
will  always  allow  0.  fraterna  to  be  distinguished  from  0.  aculeata.  In  fact,  in  all 
the  0.  fraterna  observed  by  me,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  from  3  to 
9.5  mm.,  this  papilla  always  remains  identical  with  the  other  two,  and  although  I 
have  observed  no  specimen  of  0.  aculeata  less  than  12  mm.  in  diameter,  it  is 
not  admissible  that  the  shape  of  that  papilla  begins  to  alter  only  when  the  disk  of 
the  Ophiuran  has  reached  a  diameter  superior  to  9  mm.,  and  that  it  only  then  takes 
the  strikingly  widened  shape  which  it  displays  in  0.  aculeata,  the  diameter  of  which 
is  12  mm.  or  more.  If  we  compare  some  specimens  of  0.  fraterna,  such  as  the  one 
from  Georges  Bank,  the  disk  of  which  is  10  mm.,  with  some  0.  aculeata,  such  as  the 
one  represented  on  plate  1 1 ,  figures  1  and  2,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  is  about 


86  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

15  mm.,  we  shall  find  the  following  differences:  The  radial  shields  which  are  dis- 
tinct, though  small,  in  O.fraterna,  are  altogether  indistinct  in  0.  aculeata  where 
they  are  covered  over  with  stumps  identical  with  those  existing  on  the  rest  of 
the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  and  radial  ribs  never  appear  in  the  latter.  The  mouth 
shields  have  about  the  same  shape  in  both  species,  but  the  adoral  plates  do  not 
separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate  in  0.  fraterna,  while 
they  do  separate  it  in  0.  aculeata.  The  upper  brachial  plates  are  smaller,  con- 
tiguous from  the  base  of  the  arms  in  the  largest  samples  of  the  first  species,  while 
they  are  larger,  widened,  and  separated  from  the  base  in  the  second  one.  The 
upper  brachial  plates  always  remain  very  wide  and  wider  than  long  in  0.  fraterna, 
while  in  0.  aculeata  their  width  rapidly  decreases  and  they  become  as  long  as  wide, 
and  then  longer  than  wide.  The  brachial  spines  are  a  little  rougher  in  0.  fraterna 
and  the  tentacular  scale  is  a  little  more  widened  than  in  0.  aculeata. 

I  shall  discuss  a  little  further  the  affinities  of  0.  fraterna  with  0.  pentacrinus, 
after  having  described  the  latter  species. 

OPHIACANTHA  GRANULIFERA  Verrill. 

Plate  10,  figs.  2-3. 

Ophuuxmtha  granulifera  VERRILL  (86),  p.  546. 
Ophiacantha  granulifera  VERRILL  (99a),  pp.  321  and  324. 

Albatross  station  2069.  Sept.  1,  1883.  Lat.  41°  54'  50"  N.;  long.  65°  48' 
35"  W.;  Georges  Bank;  101  fathoms;  s.  st.  g.  p.  and  c.;  temp.  42°  F.  One 
specimen. 

The  specimen  which  has  \teeo.  lent  me  was  determined  by  Verrill.  As  his 
description,  although  sufficient  to  allow  the  species  to  be  identified,  is  rather  short 
and  not  accompanied  with  any  drawings,  it  has  seemed  to  me  useful  to  give  a  few 
notes  on  the  specimen  in  hand  and  to  reproduce  two  photographs  of  it. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10  mm.;  the  arms  are  not  complete;  they  are 
broken  at  40  mm.  from  then-  bases  and  must  have  reached  about  50  mm. 
The  disk  is  rounded,  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The  upper  face  is  uni- 
formly covered  with,  little  rounded  granules,  which  are  very  dense  although  not 
absolutely  contiguous,  and  have  a  rough  surface;  these  granules  are  most  regularly 
arranged  and  all  of  them  have  the  same  diameter.  They  almost  completely  hide 
the  limits  of  the  plates  which  carry  them;  however,  the  latter  appear  very  dis- 
tinctly, in  my  specimen,  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  on  each  side  of  the 
radial  shields;  these  plates  are  fairly  large,  somewhat  unequal  and  imbricated. 
The  radial  shields  are  visible  on  their  whole  length;  they  are  narrow  and  elongated, 
triangular,  three  or  four  times  longer  than  wide  and  completely  bare;  the  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  widely  separated  from  each  other  by  several  rows  of  plates. 
The  under  face  is  completely  deprived  of  granules  and  covered  with  fairly  large, 
unequal,  and  imbricated  plates.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow  and  elongated. 

The  rather  small  mouth  shields  are  very  wide  and  include  a  chief  part,  which 
is  triangular,  short,  three  times  wider  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle 
and  rounded  lateral  angles;  the  distal  side,  which  is  convex,  offers  in  its  middle  a 
widened  and  very  much  elongated  lobe,  the  length  of  which  reaches  that  of  the 
chief  part  of  the  plate;  this  lobe  strongly  protrudes  into  the  interradial  space,  and 


OPHIUBANS   OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  87 

its  distal  side  is  rounded.  The  adoral  plates  are  well  developed,  fairly  large,  very 
much  widened  inwardly  and  narrower,  outwardly.  The  oral  plates,  which  are 
triangular,  are  rather  small.  All  these  plates  are  covered  with  fine  granulations. 
The  oral  papillae  amount  to  three  or  four  on  each  side;  they  are  rather  strong  and 
conical  and  their  end  is  sometimes  pointed,  sometimes  blunt.  The  dental  papilla, 
which  is  single  and  odd,  is  larger  than  the  neighboring  oval  papillae. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  of  middling  size  are  triangular,  with  a  fairly  open 
proximal  angle,  and  slightly  corrugated  diverging  lateral  sides,  and  a  wide  and 
convex  distal  side.  These  plates  are  almost  as  wide  as  long,  and  they  are  separated 
from  the  bases  of  the  arms  by  a  fairly  narrow  interval. 

The  under  brachial  plates  are  remarkably  short  and  wide,  as  pointed  out  by 
Verrill,  and  they  are  broadly  separated  by  the  lateral  plates.  The  first  one  is  wider 
than  long,  quadrangular,  with  a  rounded  and  convex  distal  side,  a  concave  proximal 
side,  and  two  diverging  lateral  sides.  The  following  ones  are  extremely  wide,  at 
least  four  times  wider  than  long  and  triangular,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle 
limited  by  narrow  sides,  which  meet  the  distal  edge  by  fairly  acute  angles ;  the  said 
distal  edge  is  extremely  wide  and  often  excavated  in  its  middle.  At  a  certain 
distance  from  the  disk  the  plates  become  narrower  and  comparatively  a  little 
longer;  they  are  then  pentagonal,  with  two  diverging  lateral  sides,  which  are 
excavated  by  the  corresponding  tentacular  scale,  and  a  convex  distal  side. 

The  lateral  plates  carry  eight  or  nine  spines.  The  ventral  spines  are  rather 
thick  and  obtuse  at  their  ends.  The  length  of  the  first  one  exceeds  the  article,  and 
increases  on  the  following  spines  up  to  the  last  dorsal  ones,  which  are  equal  to  two 
and  a  half  or  three  articles ;  these  are  pointed  and  comparatively  thinner  than  the 
ventral  spines.  The  surface  of  all  these  spines  is  rough  or  even  covered  with  small, 
conical,  and  pointed  asperities,  which  are  put  very  close  together.  The  two  lateral 
rows  of  spines  are  not  approximated  dorsally. 

The  tentacular  scale,  which  is  always  single,  is  small  and  short,  conical  or 
lanceolated;  its  surface  is  rough  or  it  is  even  provided  on  its  sides  and  at  its  end 
with  extremely  small  spinules. 

OPHIACANTHA  LINEATA  Kcehler. 

Ophiacantha  Uneata  KCEHLER  (09),  p.  187,  pi.  25,  figs.  6-8. 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  30°  44'  N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.; 
440  fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2667.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  53'  N.;  long.  79°  42'  30"  W.; 
273  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  48.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Both  specimens  are  small  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm. ; 
moreover,  they  are  in  a  very  bad  state,  the  arms  are  broken  at  their  base  or  preserved 
only  for  a  very  short  length ;  besides,  some  rubbing  has  taken  place,  which  caused 
almost  all  the  stumps  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  to  be  torn.  Nevertheless,  I 
found  again  the  characters  which  I  originally  ascribed  to  0.  Uneata,  and  I  think 
the  specimens  may  be  referred  to  that  species. 

A  very  young  example,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  wliich  did  not  exceed  2  mm., 
is  associated  with  that  from  station  2415,  and  undoubtedly  also  belongs  to  0.  Uneata. 
6061°— Bull.  84—14 7 


88  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIACANTHA  PENTACRINUS  Lutken, 

Plate  9,  figs.  3-6. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  LiJTKEN  (69),  pp.  46  and  99. 
not  Ophiacantha  meridionalis  LYMAN  (69),  p.  324. 
not  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  319. 
part?  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  LYMAN  (78),  p.  280. 
part?  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  LYMAN  (82),  p.  199. 
^Ophiacantha  pentacrimis  VEBRILL  (99a),  pp.  324  and  334. 

Blake  station  222.  Feb.  16,  1879.  Lat.  13°  58'  37"  N.;  long.  61°  04'  45"  W. 
422  fathoms;  s.  oz.;  temp.  42.5°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2117.  Jan.  27,  1884.  Lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30"; 
W.;  683  fathoms;  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F.  One  small  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2664.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  41'  N.;  long.  79°  55'  W.; 
373  fathoms;  co.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2667.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  53'  N.;  long.  79°  42'  30"  W.; 
273  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  48.7°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2753.  Dec.  4,  1887.  Lat.  13°  34'  N.;  long.  61°  03'  W.; 
281  fathoms;  bk.  s.;  temp.  48°  F.  One  specimen. 

Unfortunately,  the  specimens  are  not  in  a  very  good  state  of  preservation;  in 
nearly  all  of  them  the  arms  are  incomplete,  and  in  the  four  largest  ones  from  station 
2664  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  more  or  less  damaged.  In  the  latter  specimens 
the  diameter  reaches  from  5  to  5.5  mm. ;  in  the  others  it  varies  between  3  and  4.5  mm. 

In  my  work  on  the  Ophiurans  of  the  Paris  Museum  (07,  p.  319),  I  published, 
concerning  0.  pentacrinus,  a  few  remarks  and  two  drawings,  one  of  which  represents 
the  under  face  of  the  disk  and  the  other  a  few  stumps  of  the  upper  face,  after  the 
three  specimens  which  were  gathered  by  the  Blake  and  presented  to  the  Jardin  des 
Plantes  by  Agassiz  under  the  name  of  0.  pentacrinus.  I  beg  to  recall  on  the  subject, 
that  Lyman,  after  having  described  under  the  name  of  0.  meridionalis  an  Ophia- 
cantha found  in  the  Caribbean  Sea  between  237  and  327  fathoms  (69,  p.  324),  had 
suggested  that  this  species  probably  did  not  differ  from  0.  pentacrinus  Lutken, 
and  he  had  definitely  united  it  to  the  latter  in  his  subsequent  publications.  Now, 
I  have  been  able  to  examine  the  very  type  of  0.  pentacrinus  described  by  Lutken, 
and  preserved  in  the  Copenhagen  Museum;  although  this  specimen,  which  is 
unique,  is  of  very  small  size,  since  the  diameter  of  the  disk  hardly  reaches  3  mm., 
and  although  its  arms  are  broken  near  their  bases,  its  characters  are,  nevertheless, 
very  plain.  I  have  been  most  astonished  to  find  that  the  three  specimens  of  the 
Jardin  des  Plantes  which  are  called  0.  pentacrinus  are  entirely  different  from  it. 
On  the  contrary,  I  have  noticed  that  all  the  specimens  gathered  by  the  Albatross  at 
the  three  above-named  stations  were  in  perfect  conformity  with  the  type.  The 
comparison  was,  besides,  made  easier  by  the  presence,  among  the  above-mentioned 
specimens  of  the  Albatross,  of  two  very  small  examples,  which  measure  only  3  mm. 
across  the  disk  and  which  have,  consequently,  dimensions  identical  with  those  of 
Ltitken's  type.  There  can  exist  no  doubt  as  to  the  determination  of  these 
specimens. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  89 

As  we  have  about  0.  pentacrinus  only  the  description  written  in  Danish  by 
by  Lutken,  of  a  very  young  specimen,  unaccompanied  with  any  figure,  it  will  be 
useful  to  again  describe  the  species  from  the  Albatross  specimens,  supplementing 
the  description  with  illustrations. 

The  disk  is  rather  thick ;  its  outline  is  pentagonal  and  it  is  stronly  gexcavated 
in  the  interradial  spaces.  The  upper  face  is  covered  with  dense,  very  short  and 
thin  stumps,  which  are  thicker  at  their  bases  and  terminated  by  a  few  very  thin 
and  divergent  spinules;  the  latter  are  equal  and  often  amount  to  three.  These 
stumps  almost  completely  hide  the  outlines  of  the  plates  from  which  they  start 
and  which  are  very  small.  The  radial  shields  are  elongated  and  they  generally 
cause  a  fairly  visible  swelling,  but  their  external  region  alone  is  apparent  and  they 
are  covered  with  stumps  identical  with  the  others  over  one-half  or  two-thirds  of 
their  length.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  widely  separated. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  offers,  in  the  interradial  spaces,  some  plates  which  are 
larger  than  on  the  upper  face,  chiefly  near  the  mouth  shields,  and  with  very  distinct 
outlines ;  these  plates  bear  stumps  which  rapidly  become  smaller  than  on  the  upper 
face  and  are  reduced  to  the  state  of  small,  rough,  and  elongated  granules  before 
they  reach  the  mouth  shields. 

The  latter  are  small,  twice  wider  than  long,  triangular,  with  an  acute  proximal 
angle  limited  by  two  concave  sides  an^l  lateral  angles  now  sharp,  now  slightly 
rounded ;  the  convex  distal  side  sometimes  offers  at  its  middle  a  short  and  widened 
little  lobe,  more  or  less  apparent.  The  rather  thick  adoral  plates  are  bent  in  the 
shape  of  a  crescent,  and  thinner  near  their  external  end,  which  does  not  separate 
the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates,  of  middle 
size,  are  triangular.  The  oral  papilla,  amounting  to  three,  are  conical  and  pointed, 
and  all  have  the  same  shape;  the  external  one  is  sometimes  a  little  more  obtuse 
than  the  others  at  its  end,  but  it  is  neither  flattened  nor  widened.  The  single  tooth 
papilla  is  thicker  than  the  neighboring  ones.  There  is  sometimes  a  fourth  supple- 
mentary oral  papilla.  Moreover,  I  observe  that  sometimes  the  first  under  brachial 
plate  carries,  on  each  side,  a  little  papilla  smaller  than  the  others  and  advancing 
toward  the  tentacular  mouth  pore;  this  papilla  is,  moreover,  often  ill-shaped,  or 
even  completely  Jacking. 

The  arms  are  very  moniliform  owing  to  the  enormous  swelling  which  the  lateral 
brachial  plates  offer  in  their  distal  region;  the  middle  part  of  the  articles  is,  on  the 
contrary,  very  much  narrowed.  The  upper  brachial  plates,  which  are  middle-sized, 
are  triangular  with  an  acute  proximal  angle  and  a  distal  side"which  is  almost  straight 
on  the  first  articles  and  afterwards  becomes  more  and  more  convex;  at  first  they 
are  wider  than  long  and  then  they  become  almost  as  long  as  wide.  These  plates 
strongly  bulge  out  on  their  dorsal  face  and  are  separated  by  a  very  wide  space, 
which  is  almost  as  long  as  the  plates  themselves  on  the  large  specimens  and  becomes 
still  longer  on  the  small  ones.  Sometimes  the  distal  side  is  resolved  into  two  short 
sides  which  can  even  be  slightly  concave  and  join  by  an  obtuse  angle. 

The  first  under  bcachial  plate  is  sometimes  trapezoidal,  longer  than  wide,  and 
narrow,  with  the  proximal  side  wider  than  the  distal  side,  which  is  rounded  and  has 
converging  lateral  sides,  sometimes  simply  triangular  with  a  rounded  distal  apex. 


90  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  second  plate,  which  is  already  separated  from  the  preceding  one  by  the  lateral 
plates,  is  very  large,  triangular,  with  a  proximal  angle  limited  by  two  almost  straight 
sides,  and  a  strongly  convex  distal  side ;  it  always  remains  wider  than  long.  The 
proximal  angle  becomes  more  and  more  obtuse  on  the  following  plates,  which  are 
pentagonal,  with  two  small  lateral  sides  and  a  distal  side  wliich  is  always  strongly 
convex.  All  these  plates  always  remain  fairly  large,  wider  than  long,  and  the  space 
which  separates  them  is  larger  as  the  examples  are  smaller.  I  have  found  in  Liitken's 
type  the  confirmation  of  the  fact  that  the  under  brachial  plates,  however  small 
they  may  be,  always  remain  wider  than  long. 

The  lateral  brachial  plates  bear  on  the  whole  length  of  their  distal  side,  which 
is  thickened  and  widened,  at  least  seven  spines  on  the  first  articles  and  sometimes 
eight  in  the  largest  specimens.  The  first  three  spines  are  not  very  large;  they  are 
almost  equal  and  the  third  one  reaches  about  the  length  of  the  article.  These  three 
spines  are  rather  thick,  cylindrical,  with  an  obtuse  end,  and  they  show  extremely 
fine  and  dense  denticulations.  Afterwards  the  length  of  the  spines  rapidly  in- 
creases and  the  two  or  three  last  dorsal  ones  become  extremely  long,  slender,  pointed, 
transparent,  with  stronger  and  widely  spaced  denticulations,  the  number  and  size 
of  which  varies  greatly.  The  length  of  the  dorsal  spines  exceeds  three  articles  at 
the  bases  of  the  arms,  then  it  progressively  decreases  and  finally  does  not  exceed 
the  article  in  the  second  half  of  the  arm.  The  number  of  spines  decreases  beyond 
the  first  articles  and  remains  five  in  number  on  the  larger  part  of  the  length  of  the 
arms.  On  the  first  articles,  the  two  rows  are  very  approximate  dorsally. 

The  tentacular  scale  is  small,  spiniform,  pointed,  rough,  or  even  provided  with 
small  asperities. 

0.  pentacrinus  does  not  seem  to  acquire  great  dimensions  and  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  ranges  between  3  and  5.5  mm. 

0.  pentacrinus  has  undoubtedly  been  mistaken  by  Lyman  for  another  species 
in  which  the  oral  papilla  is  wide  and  flattened,  a  character  which  0.  pentacrinus 
does  not  show  in  Liitken's  type.  It  is  likely  that  the  specimens  gathered  by  the 
Blake  and  referred  to  by  Lyman  in  1883  under  the  name  of  0.  meridionalis  Lyman  = 
O.  pentacrinus  Liitken,  included  a  mixture  of  the  two  forms ;  these  specimens  ought 
to  be  sorted  out.  In  any  case,  Lyman  designated  under  the  name  of  0.  pentacrinus, 
a  term  which  according  to  him  was  the  synonym  of  0.  meridionalis,  some  specimens 
which  had  their  external  oral  papilla  widened  and  flattened,  since  three  specimens 
from  the  Blake  which  certainly  have  been  determined  by  him,  were  sent  to  the 
Jardin  des  Plantes  under  the  name  of  0.  pentacrinus.  Consequently,  if  after  making 
the  comparison  with  Liitken's  type,  we  keep  the  name  of  0.  pentacrinus  for  an 
Opniacantha  the  external  oral  papilla  of  which  is  not  widened  but  preserves  the 
same  shape  as  the  other  two,  we  may  give  the  name  of  0.  meridionalis  to  the  neigh- 
boring species  which  Lyman  had  confused  with  it  and  in  which  the  said  papilla  is 
widened  and  flattened.  Now,  I  find  among  the  Ophiurans  gathered  by  the  Albatross 
some  specimens  which  offer  precisely  the  same  character,  and  I  shall  describe  them 
further  under  the  name  of  0.  meridionalis. 

The  characters  of  0.  pentacrinus  do  not  seem  to  me  to  have  been  better  dis- 
tinguished by  Verrill;  what  is  more,  I  notice  a  contradiction  in  the  two  passages 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  91 

of  his  paper  on  the  Ophiurans  of  North  America  which  he  published  in  1899.  In 
fact,  he  writes  (99a,  p.  324),  "arm  spines,  six  upper  ones  very  slender,"  and  a 
little  further  on  (p.  334),  "spines  nine  or  ten  long  very  slender,"  etc. 

One  can  see  that  the  examination  of  Ltitken's  type  was  a  necessity,  and, 
as  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  be  able  to  make  it,  I  hope  that  the  characters  of  0.  pen- 
tacrinus are  now  fixed. 

I  have  pointed  out  above  that  all  the  specimens  of  0.  pentacrinus  were  of 
rather  small  size,  and  it  might  perhaps  be  thought  that  they  represent  only  the 
young  form  of  another  Ophiacantha.  Now,  among  the  forms  of  the  Atlantic  with 
which  they  might  be  compared  I  see  none  which  may  be  cited,  except  O.fraterna, 
which  shows  a  likeness  in  the  arrangement  of  the  three  oral  papillae  which  remain 
equal  and  subacute.  But  0.  pentacrinus  is  plainly  distinct  from  the  latter 
through  its  moniliform  arms  offering  elongated  articles  and  brachial  spines  which  on 
the  upper  side  become  very  long,  thin,  pointed,  transparent,  denticulated,  with 
the  rows  closely  approximated  on  the  first  articles.  The  upper  brachial  plates 
are  strongly  bulging  out  and  widely  separated,  as  are  also  the  under  plates.  None 
of  these  characters  exists  in  O.fraterna. 

I  approximate  to  0.  pentacrinus,  without  daring,  however,  actually  to  refer 
them  to  this  species,  three  very  small  specimens  from  station  2117  (plate  9,  figs.  5,  6), 
which  bear  No.  12495.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  3  mm.  and  the 
arms  are  slender  and  moniliform.  The  brachial  spines  and  the  covering  of  the 
upper  face  of  the  disk  show  the  same  characters  as  in  0.  pentacrinus,  but  there  are 
four  oral  papillae,  the  external  one  being  inserted  on  the  first  under  brachial  plate; 
the  upper  brachial  plates  are  very  small  and  separated  by  a  very  large  space, 
and  lastly  the  under  brachial  plates,  which  at  first  were  broad,  become  rapidly 
longer  than  wide.  These  plates  reach  their  maximum  length  between  the  sixth 
and  the  tenth  plates,  then  the  length  progressively  decreases.  I  beg  to  represent 
here  a  specimen  in  which  the  under  plates  display  the  maximum  relative  length. 

I  do  not  see  to  what  other  species  this  Ophiacantha  might  be  approximated; 
I  dare  not  make  a  new  species  of  it,  owing  to  the  small  size  of  the  examples  which  are 
probably  young  ones. 

OPHIACANTHA  MERIDIONALIS  Lyman. 

Plate  9,  figs.  1-2. 

Ophiacantha  mendionalis  LYMAN  (69),  p.  324. 
part?  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  LYMAN  (78),  p.  280. 
part?  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  LYMAN  (82),  p.  199. 
Ophiacantha  pentacrinus  KXEHLER  (07),  p.  319. 

Blake  station  222.  Feb.  16,  1879.  Lat.  13°  58'  37"  N.;  long.  61°  04'  45"  W.; 
422  fathoms;  s.  oz.;  temp.  42.5°  F. 

Albatross  station  2655.  May  2,  1886.  Lat.  27°  22'  N.;  long.  78°  07'  30"  W.; 
338  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  47.5°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2664.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  41'  N.;  long.  79°  55'  W.; 
373  fathoms;  co.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  A  few  specimens. 


92  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

In  most  samples  from  station  2664,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between 
5  and  6.5  mm.,  and  in  that  of  station  2655  it  reaches  7  mm.  Almost  all  the  speci- 
mens have  their  arms  broken,  and  the  length  of  such  as  remain  whole  varies  between 
30  and  35  mm. 

I  have  been  able  to  ascertain  that  these  specimens  are  in  perfect  conformity 
with  the  three  samples  from  the  dredgings  of  the  Blake,  which  I  mentioned  when 
describing  0.  pentacrinus  and  which  were  given  by  Agassiz  to  the  Jardin  des  Plantes 
under  the  name  of  0.  pentacrinus.  These  three  specimens  were  evidently  deter- 
mined by  Lyman,  who  had  in  hand  the  Ophiurans  from  the  Blake;  they  are  a  little 
smaller  than  the  specimens  from  the  Albatross,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranging 
from  2.8  to  4  mm.  All  three  have  their  external  oral  papilla  flattened  and  widened, 
and  the  name  of  0.  pentacrinus  can  not  be  applied  to  them,  as  I  have  explained 
above.  I  therefore  suggest  reserving  for  these  individuals  the  name  of  0.  meridion- 
alis,  a  denomination  which  has  undoubtedly  been  applied  by  Lyman  to  a  certain 
number  of  similar  specimens.  In  order  to  clear  up  any  confusion,  I  think  I  had 
better  give  of  that  species  a  somewhat  detailed  description,  and  two  photographs 
which  reproduce  respectively  the  dorsal  and  the  ventral  faces. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  not  at  all  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces;  it  is  rather 
thick  and  the  upper  face  is  more  or  less  bulging.  But  this  face  is  completely  covered 
by  small,  very  dense,  elongated  and  fairly  thin  spines  which  display  on  their  surfaces 
a  few  more  or  less  developed  asperities  or  irregular  denticulations,  and  are  terminated 
by  a  few  rather  scarce  and  unequal  spinules  which  amount  to  two  or  three  only. 
These  little  spines  completely  hide  the  outlines  of  the  adjacent  plates.  Sometimes 
there  are  seen  radial  ribs  which  are  little  protruding,  but  the  radial  shields  them- 
selves are  partly  covered  by  stumps  and  their  distal  part  alone  is  visible;  they  are 
widely  separated. 

On  the  under  face  of  the  disk,  the  small  spines  become  less  and  less  important, 
as  they  come  nearer  to  the  mouth  shields,  and  they  are  finally  reduced  to  the  state  of 
mere  conical,  rough  granules;  the  underlying  plates  then  become  apparent;  they  are 
very  small,  rounded,  and  more  or  less  imbricated.  The  genital  slits  are  elongated 
and  broad. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  middle  size,  have  a  shape  analogous  to  that  of 
0.  pentacrinus,  that  is  to  say,  they  are  triangular,  much  wider  than  long,  with  an 
obtuse  proximal  angle  limited  by  two  straight  sides,  rounded  lateral  angles  and  a 
convex  distal  side  which  often  shows  in  its  middle  a  little  lobe,  which,  by  the  way, 
is  very  variable  in  size.  The  adoral  plates  are  elongated,  fairly  narrow,  with 
parallel  sides  which  are  almost  straight;  they  are  from  three  to  three  and  a  half 
tunes  longer  than  wide,  inwardly  contiguous,  and  they  outwardly  build,  although 
without  growing  wider,  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  blade  which  separates  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  fairly  high  and 
triangular.  The  oral  papillae  number  three  on  each  side;  the  external  one  is 
widened,  flattened,  and  squamiform,  without,  however,  offering  an  excessive 
development,  and  the  other  two  are  conical  and  pointed.  The  dental  papilla, 
which  is  single,  is  strong  and  conical. 

The  arms  are  moniliform,  less  so,  however,  than  in  0.  pentacrinus.  The  shape 
of  the  upper  brachial  plates  very  much  recalls  that  observed  in  this  latter  species; 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  93 

they  are,  though,  a  little  less  bulging,  and  they  become  a  little  longer  than  wide. 
They  are  always  separated  by  a  fairly  long  space  which,  however,  remains  inferior 
to  their  length. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  trapezoidal,  wider  than  long,  with  a  wide  and 
convex  proximal  side,  a  smaller  and  rounded  distal  side  toward  which  converge 
the  lateral  sides,  which  are  small  and  straight;  it  is  separated  from  the  second  one 
by  the  lateral  plates,  but  sometimes,  however,  the  proximal  angle  of  the  former 
gets  elongated  so  as  to  reach  the  distal  edge  of  the  first  plate.  The  second  ventral 
plate  is  generally  triangular  with  a  still  obtuse  proximal  angle  which  is  limited  by 
two  almost  straight  sides  and  a  very  wide  and  convex  distal  side;  sometimes, 
however,  it  is  already  pentagonal  with  two  small  lateral  sides;  it  is  always  wider 
than  long.  The  succeeding  plates  become  pentagonal  with  an  obtuse  proximal 
angle,  short  lateral  sides  and  a  rounded  distal  side;  they  always  remain  much  wider 
than  long.  The  space  which  separates  these  plates  becomes  longer  and  longer 
until  it  finally  reaches  twice  their  length;  in  fact,  from  the  middle  of  the  arms,  these 
plates  become  very  short  and,  besides,  comparatively  small,  although  they  always 
remain  wider  than  long.  The  lateral  plates  are  fairly  widened  in  their  distal  part, 
but  they  are,  however,  less  thick  than  in  0.  pentacrinus.  They  carry  seven  and 
even  eight  spines  on  the  first  articles.  These  spines  recall  those  of  0.  pentacrinus; 
however,  the  ventral  spines  are  thinner  at  the  ends  and  their  denticulations  are 
stronger  and  more  loosely  arranged ;  besides,  their  length  increases  in  a  more  regular 
manner  from  the  first  ventral  spine,  which  is  almost  equal  to  the  article,  to  the  dorsal 
spines,  the  last  two  or  three  of  which  reach  about  the  length  of  three  articles.  These 
spines  show  denticulations  which  lie  rather  loosely,  are  thin  and  pointed,  a  little 
more  numerous  on  the  ventral  than  on  the  dorsal  spines;  the  rows  are  very  much 
approximated  dorsally.  The  length  of  the  dorsal  spines  progressively  decreases 
from  the  bases  of  the  arms  upward,  and  their  length  finally  equals  one  and  a  half 
articles  at  the  same  time  as  the  number  of  the  spines  decreases. 

The  tentacular  scale,  rather  small,  is  spiniform,  pointed  and  fairly  rough. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  meridionalis  is  evidently  very  closely  allied  to 
0.  pentacrinus;  the  latter  species,  as  I  have  stated  above,  corresponds  to  Lyman's 
type,  but  it  is  at  once  distinguishable  from  it  through  the  widened  and  flattened 
external  oral  papilla,  which  creates  a  difference  which  alone  is  sufficient  to  separate 
the  two  species.  There  are,  besides,  other  distinctive  characters.  In  all  the  sam- 
ples of  0.  meridionalis  which  I  know  the  disk  is  rounded,  not  excavated  in  the 
interradial  spaces,  while  in  all  the  specimens  of  0.  pentacrinus  from  the  Albatross, 
as  well  as  in  Lyman's  type,  these  spaces  are  not  only  excavated  but  they  are  deeply 
notched.  The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  real  little  spines,  which  are 
slender  and  show  on  their  surface  some  rugosities  or  denticulations  and  are  ended 
by  short  spinules,  while  in  0.  pentacrinus  there  are  short  stumps  ending  in  three 
elongated  and  diverging  spinules.  The  first  three  brachial  spines  are  more  pointed 
and  their  length  increases  more  progressively  than  in  0.  meridionalis;  lastly,  the 
adoral  plates  are  elongated,  not  very  thick,  with  almost  straightand  parallel  sides 
in  0.  meridionalis,  and  they  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral 
brachial  plate,  while  in  0.  pentacrinus  they  are  thicker,  grow  outwardly  thinner  and 
do  not  exceed  the  mouth  shield. 


94  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

These  two  species  do  not  seem  likely  to  reach  a  large  size,  and  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  does  not  exceed  6  mm.  in  the  examples  which  I  know. 

The  question  might  be  asked,  as  it  has  been  for  0.  pentacrinus,  whether  0. 
meridiondlis  may  not  be  a  young  form  of  a  large  species,  for  instance,  0.  aculeata, 
because  0.  meridiondlis  has,  like  the  latter,  the  external  oral  papilla  widened;  but 
the  above  hypothesis  can  not  be  upheld.  For  in  0.  mendionalis  the  upper  face  of 
the  disk  is  provided  with  small  spines  instead  of  the  short  stumps  which  appear  in 
0.  aculeata;  the  arms  are  moniliform,  the  lateral  brachial  plates,  strongly  protruding 
and  swollen  in  their  distal  part,  carry  spines  which  become  very  long  and  thin  on 
the  dorsal  side,  a  character  which  is  lacking  in  0.  aculeata.  Neither  can  0.  mend- 
ionalis be  mistaken  for  a  young  specimen  of  0.  bidentata. 

0.  composita  Koehler,  which  is  met  with  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  also  recalls 
0.  mendionalis  by  its  widened  external  oral  papilla,  but  differs  from  it  by  the  upper 
face  of  the  disk  being  covered  with  short  stumps  andending  in  a  crown  of  numerous 
thin  and  short  spinules  which  are  generally  arranged  in  a  regular  manner,  by  its 
nonmoniliform  arms  which  off er  comparatively  small  dorsal  plates  which  are  as  long 
as  wide,  completely  flat  and  without  any  trace  of  bulging;  by  its  under  brachial 
plates  which  are  remarkably  widened,  and  lastly  by  its  brachial  spines  which 
always  remain  shorter,  dorsally,  than  in  0.  mendionalis. 

OPHIACANTHA  VEPRATICA  Lyman. 

Plate  13,  fig.  6. 

Ophiacantha  vepratica  LYMAN  (78),  p.  137,  pi.  10,  figs.  245-247. 
Ophiacanlha  vepratica  LYMAN  (82),  p.  182,  pi.  13,  figs.  7-9. 
Ophiacantha  vepratica  LYMAN  (83),  p.  261. 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  30°  44' N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.;  440 
fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  Numerous  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2416.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  31°  26'  N.;  long.  79°  07'  W.; 
276  fathoms;  co.  brk.  sh.;  temp.  53.8°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2625.  Oct.  21,  1885.  Lat.  32°  35'  N.;  long.  77°  30'  W.; 
247  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2661.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  16'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  36' 
30"  W.;  438  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  45.5°  F.  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2663.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  39'  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.;  421 
fathoms;  br.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2667.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  53'  N.;  long.  79°  42'  30"  W.; 
273  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  48.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2668.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  38'  30" 
W.;  294  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  46.3°  F.  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2669.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  31°  09'  N.;  long.  79°  33'  30"  W.; 
352  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  43.7°  F.  Six  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2753.  Dec.  4,  1887.  Lat.  13°  34'  N.;  long.  61°  03'  W.;  281 
fathoms;  bk.  s.;  temp.  48°  F.  Several  specimens. 

The  study  of  the  many  specimens  gathered  by  the  Albatross  enables  me  to 
complete  Lyman's  description  or  perhaps  to  correct  it  on  some  points. 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  95 

0.  vepratica  was  established  by  him  for  four  specimens,  two  of  which  are  young 
ones;  in  the  type,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measured  6.5  mm.;  the  specimens  from 
the  Albatross  are  generally  a  little  larger  and  the  diameters  of  their  disks  usually 
range  between  7  and  8  mm. 

Lyman  characterized  0.  vepratica,  among  other  things,  by  the  presence  on  the 
upper  face  of  the  disk  of  granules  with  which  a  few  short  spines  were  mixed,  and 
these  spines  were  represented  by  him  on  various  drawings  (78,  pi.  10,  fig.  246,  and 
82,  pi.  13,  fig.  8) ;  now,  among  the  many  hundreds  of  specimens  which  I  have  been 
able  to  examine,  I  have  not  found  a  single  one  bearing  spines  on  the  upper  face  of 
the  disk.  In  all  of  them  the  disk  offers  an  extremely  regular  covering  of  granules 
which  are  somewhat  irregular  in  thickness,  but  all  of  which  reach  the  same  height; 
these  granules  are  large  and  elongated  and  their  shape  is  that  of  an  extremely  short 
cylinder,  ending  in  a  small  swollen  head;  this  head  is  covered  with  extremely  small, 
short,  pointed,  and  dense  spinules,  which  are  hardly  visible  except  through  the 
microscope.  The  radial  shields  are  small,  in  the  shape  of  very  much  elongated 
and  narrow  triangles,  widely  separated.  All  these  details  can  be  ascertained  on 
dry  specimens  only,  on  which  may  easily  be  seen  the  limits  of  the  upper  plates  of 
the  disk,  these  plates  carrying  each  a  very  short  cylindrical  stump. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  thus  shows  some  characters  and  an  appearance 
which  are  fairly  different  from  what  Lyman  pointed  out,  and  I  should  never  have 
been  so  daring  as  to  refer  my  specimens  to  0.  vepratica  had  not  the  Jardin  des 
Plantes  possessed  a  specimen  of  that  species  from  the  dredgings  of  the  Blake  and 
determined  by  Lyman,  the  examination  of  which  enabled  me  to  fix  my  own  deter- 
mination. This  example,  though  very  small,  since  the  diameter  of  his  disk  is  only 
4  mm.,  is  altogether  in  conformity  with  the  specimens  from  the  Albatross;  especially 
is  the  upper  face  completely  deprived  of  spines  and  bears  only  some  elongated 
granules  which  are  very  rough,  ending  in  very  conspicuous  spinules,  which  are 
absolutely  identical  with  those  observed  by  me  on  my  own  specimens. 

The  mouth  pieces  are  disposed  as  indicated  by  Lyman.  The  under  brachial 
plates  are  very  large  and  wide;  they  are  first  wider  than  long  and  then  they  become 
as  long  as  wide;  a  few  concentric  stria?  are  seen  on  their  surface  as  well  as  on  that 
of  the  lateral  plates.  The  tentacular  scale  is  large  and  fairly  wide,  somewhat  rough; 
there  are  sometimes  two  such  scales  on  the  tentacular  pores  of  the  first  pair,  and 
in  this  case  the  external  scale  is  smaller  than  the  internal  one.  The  spines  amount 
to  eight  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  Lyman  indicates  only  seven  of  them  in  his  descrip- 
tion, but  on  his  drawing  (82,  pi.  13,  fig.  9)  he  reproduced  eight;  these  spines  seem 
to  be  smooth  when  seen  with  the  naked  eye,  but  through  the  microscope  they 
appear  covered  with  numerous  denticulations  which  are  exceedingly  small,  pointed, 
short,  and  dense.  The  two  rows  of  spines  are  more  approximated  dorsally  than 
represented  by  Lyman. 

0.  vepratica  was  found  by  the  Challenger  at  latitude  28°  S.  and  longitude 
177°  W.,  at  a  depth  of  600  fathoms,  near  the  Fiji  Islands.  It  was  afterwards  met 
with  by  the  Blake  in  several  localities  of  the  West  Indies,  near  Nevis  Island, 
Barbados,  Martinique,  St.  Vincent,  and  Grenada,  in  depths  of  291-476  fathoms, 
as  well  as  at  station  41  in  860  fathoms. 

Lyman  has  done  no  more  than  cite  the  occurrence  at  the  various  above- 
mentioned  localities  without  adding  anything  to  his  original  description. 


96  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIACANTHA  V1VIPARA  Ljungman. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Koehler(12),  p.  138. 

Albatross  station  2769.  Jan.  15,  1888.  Lat.  45°  22'  S.;  long.  64°  20'  W.; 
51.5  fathoms;  gn.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  56.6°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2771.  Jan.  17,  1888.  Lat.  51°  34'  S.;  long.  68°  00'  W.; 
50.5  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp. ;  temp.  49.4°  F.  Eleven  specimens. 

One  specimen  from  station  2769  is  provided  with  six  arms ;  all  the  others  have 
seven.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  9  and  19  mm.  In  all  of  them 
the  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rounded  granules  except  in  the  largest 
one,  the  granules  of  which  are]  somewhat  elongated  and  conical.  None  of  the 
specimens  carries  any  young  ones. 

OPHIACANTHA  (OPHIOPRISTIS)  PERMIXTA,  new  species. 
Plate  11,  figs.  3-4. 

Albatross  station  2665.  May  2,  1886.  Lat.  27°  22'  N.;  long.  78°  07'  30"  W.; 
338  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.;  temp.  45.2°  F.  One  specimen. 

Type.— Cat.  No.  32296,  U.S.N.M. 

This  single  specimen  is,  unfortunately,  in  very  bad  condition;  one  part  of  the 
upper  face  of  the  disk  is  lacking,  and  the  latter  has  been  stretched  in  one  direction, 
which  has  somewhat  altered  its  shape;  moreover,  three  of  the  arms  are  broken 
on  the  level  of  their  insertion  on  the  disk,  and  are  entirely  lacking,  the  other  two 
being  preserved  only  to  a  length  of  scarcely  one  centimeter.  However,  all  the 
characters  of  the  species  are  very  clear,  and  one  can  easily  ascertain  that  they 
do  not  refer  to  any  known  form. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  measures  1 3  mm.  in  one  direction  and  about  1 0  mm. 
in  the  other  direction;  the  outline  is  pentagonal  and  the  sides  are  almost  straight. 

The  upper  face  is  covered  all  over  with  granules  which  are  rounded,  unequal, 
rough,  and  very  closely  arranged;  besides,  between  these  granules,  there  are  fairly 
strong,  elongated,  conical,  and  pointed  spines,  the  number  of  which  is  rather 
important.  The  whole  somewhat  reminds  one  of  the  arrangement  known  in 
Ophiolimna  mixta  (Lyman)  or  littoralis  Kcehler;  but  here  the  granules  He  more 
closely  and  the  spines  (the  shape  of  which,  by  the  way,  is  different)  are  much  more 
pointed.  The  underlying  plates  are  completely  invisible,  and  so  are  the  radial 
shields.  But  the  covering  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  does  not  stop  at  the  issue 
of  the  arms,  for  the  granules  extend  to  a  certain  length  of  the  upper  face  of  the  arms, 
that  is  to  say  on  four  or  five  articles  at  least.  But  these  granules,  instead  of  remain- 
ing rounded  as  they  were  on  the  disk,  grow  longer  and  become  completely  conical 
and  pointed;  they  are  at  least  twice  higher  than  wide,  and  they  may  henceforth 
be  called  small  spines.  These  pointed  granules  can  not  be  compared  with  the 
large  spines  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  which  stop  at  the  margin  of  the  latter 
and  do  not  extend  on  the  upper  face  of  the  arms.  These  little  conical  granules 
first  lie  fairly  close  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  then  they  rapidly  become  few  and  far 
between  until  they  are  finally  lodged  near  the  distal  margin  of  the  upper  brachial 
plates  in  the  median  part  of  the  said  margin.  On  the  last  article  preserved  they 
amount  to  four,  and  I  do  not  know  on  how  much  more  of  the  arm  they  may  occur. 


OPHIUBANS  OF   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  97 

The  under  part  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  appears  covered  with 
imbricated  and  distinct  scales,  especially  in  its  proximal  half.  It  shows,  near  the 
margin,  spines  which  are  rather  close  to  one  another,  and  identical  with  those  of 
the  upper  face,  but  the  granules  are  very  scarce;  the  spines  are  farther  apart  and 
shorter  proximally,  advancing,  however,  up  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  mouth 
shields. 

The  latter  are  very  large.  Their  chief  part  is  triangular,  wider  than  long, 
with  a  fairly  sharp  proximal  angle,  the  apex  of  which,  though,  is  generally  somewhat 
rounded  and  limited  by  two  straight  or  slightly  incurved  sides ;  the  side  angles  are 
broadly  rounded,  and  the  distal  side  is  occupied  on  most  of  its  length  by  a  wide  and 
much  protruding  lobe,  having  a  rectangular  shape,  rounded  lateral  angles,  and  a 
free  margin,  which  is  itself  rounded  and  may  carry  one  or  two  spines  identical  with 
the  neighboring  ones.  The  adoral  plates  are  extremely  thin  and  most  elongated; 
they  become  a  little  thicker  internally  and  grow  up  so  as  to  lean  against  each  other 
for  a  certain  length,  following  the  interradial  median  line;  they  also  grow  a  little 
wider  outwardly,  embracing  the  external  angle  of  the  mouth  shield,  but  they  supply 
only  an  extremely  narrow  blade,  which  scarcely  separates  this  shield  from  the  first 
brachial  side  plate;  their  two  margins  are  slightly  sinuous,  and  the  free  margin  is 
rather  deeply  notched  on  the  level  of  the  large  tentacular  oral  pore.  The  oral 
plates  are  large,  high,  and  quadrangular,  with  parallel  margins.  They  show  on 
their  free  edge  a  set  of  oral  papillae,  of  medium  size,  conical  and  pointed;  then,  on 
the  level  of  the  tentacular  oral  pore,  there  appear  two  very  long  cylindrical  and 
pointed  spines,  which  are  of  equal  size,  one  of  which  is  still  inserted  on  the  oral 
plate,  while  the  other  issues  from  the  adoral  plate.  On  the  under  face  itself  of  the 
oral  plates  I  observed  in  but  one  case  a  papilla  located  near  the  distal  edge.  At 
the  proximal  end  of  each  oral  plate  there  is  found  a  large  conical  papilla,  larger  than 
the  neighboring  oral  papillae,  but  it  does  not  seem  to  me  that  there  should  be  other 
papillae  in  the  same  region,  although  I  find  in  one  place  two  very  unimportant  little 
swellings;  moreover,  these  parts  are  far  from  being  entire. 

The  first  upper  brachial  plates  have  their  outlines  almost  completely  hidden 
by  the  conical  granules  which  cover  them  all  over;  they  seem  to  me  likely  to  be 
more  or  less  divided  up.  The  plates  which  come  next  to  the  aforesaid,  and  only 
two  or  three  of  which  are  preserved,  are  rather  narrow,  a  little  longer  than  wide, 
triangular,  with  a  rounded  proximal  angle  limited  by  two  slightly  convex  sides, 
joining  by  broadly  rounded  angles  the  very  convex  distal  side.  All  the  preserved 
plates  are  contiguous. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  elongated  and  narrow,  triangular,  with  a 
concave  distal  side  and  a  very  acute  proximal  angle;  it  is  already  separated  from 
the  second  one.  All  the  other  succeeding  plates  may  be  considered  as  pentagonal, 
with  an  extremely  obtuse  proximal  angle,  limited  by  two  concave  sides,  two  diver- 
gent lateral  sides,  which  are  deeply  excavated  by  the  large  corresponding  tentacular 
pores  and  united  to  the  distal  side  by  elongated  and  acute  angles;  this  distal  side  is 
very  wide  and  shows  in  its  middle  a  strong  notch.  The  proximal  part  of  the  plates 
is  always  narrower  than  the  distal  part,  and  these  plates  are  narrowed  in  their 
middle.  They  are  all  longer  than  wide  and  widely  separated  by  the  lateral  plates. 


98  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  latter  are  not  protruding  and  each  bears  five  spines,  which  remain  applied 
on  the  lateral  faces  of  the  arms.  The  first  under  spine,  which  is  cylindrical  with  a 
blunt  point,  is  a  little  longer  than  the  article,  but  the  length  does  not  grow  much 
up  to  the  last  one.  The  following  spines  are  flattened  and  they  may  bear  on  their 
edges,  and  more  especially  on  their  upper  edge,  extremely  strong  and  protruding 
teeth,  which  are  broadly  conical  and  sharp ;  these  teeth  are  often  few,  but  then  they 
are  generally  widely  set  apart;  they  are  more  numerous  on  the  spines  of  the  first 
articles.  Moreover,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  spines  appear  especially  flattened  and 
strongly  denticulated  on  the  first  brachial  articles  only,  while  they  assume  beyond 
that  point  a  more  cylindrical  shape  at  the  same  time  as  the  teeth  disappear,  but  as 
I  can  study  their  characters  only  on  very  short  arm  pieces,  I  can  not  possibly  assert 
anything  on  the  subject. 

The  tentacular  pores  are  rounded  and  extremely  large;  their  diameter  exceeds 
half  the  length  of  the  article.  I  have  previously  said  that  each  of  the  tentacular 
oral  pores  carried  on  its  interradial  edge  two  very  long  and  thick  spines;  they  are, 
in  fact,  as  long  as  one  and  a  half  brachial  articles;  on  the  contrary,  the  radial  edge 
of  these  pores  is  completely  unarmed.  The  following  two  or  three  pairs  of  pores 
are  absolutely  deprived  of  spines  and  not  until  the  third  or  fourth  pore  does  appear, 
near  the  middle  of  the  external  side  of  the  brachial  under  plate,  a  pretty  thin  spine, 
which  is  very  long,  as  long  in  fact  as  two-thirds  of  the  article;  this  spine  represents 
the  single  tentacular  scale  of  each  brachial  pore.  The  two  spines  of  the  same  article 
are  parallel  and  pretty  regularly  directed  toward  the  extremity  of  the  arm.  I  have 
not  succeeded  in  finding  any  indication  either  of  a  second  spine  or  of  a  second 
tentacular  scale,  although,  in  spite  of  their  thinness,  most  of  the  spines  are  preserved, 
and  where  they  have  been  torn  away  the  small  tubercles  on  which  they  were  inserted 
can  easily  be  recognized.  If  there  were  a  second  spine,  a  trace  of  it  could  certainly 
be  found,  so  that  I  think  I  am  justified  in  stating  that  each  tentacular  brachial  pore 
has  a  single  scale  in  the  shape  of  a  long  and  thin  spine,  inserted  on  the  radial  edge 
and  lacking  on  the  first  articles. 

The  color  of  the  sample  in  alcohol  is  white. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  permixta  is  evidently  closely  allied  to  0.  cervi- 
cornis  described  by  Lyman  (83,  p.  257)  from  specimens  found  by  the  Blake  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  between  208  and  573  fathoms,  and  which  Verrill  classified  in  his 
genus  Ophiopristis  (99  a,  pp.  336,  337,  338,  and  347).  But  the  new  species  is  clearly 
distinct  from  the  latter,  owing  to  the  spines  of  the  tentacular  oral  pore  being 
only  two,  owing  to  there  being  one  spine  only  instead  of  two  on  the  radial 
edge  of  the  brachial  tentacular  pores,  and  lastly,  owing  to  the  very  different 
shape  of  the  mouth  shields,  which  display  a  very  wide  distal  lobe.  I  can  not  com- 
pare the  two  species  regarding  the  disk  armature  and  the  number  of  the  brachial 
spines.  In  fact,  Lyman  says ' '  disk  densely  beset  with  short  rounded  pointed  spines, ' ' 
and  he  indicates  five  brachial  spines  (83,  p.  258),  while  Verrill  writes  (99  a,  p.  347) : 
"Disk  and  radial  shields  covered  with  fine  granules  and  small  acute  spines,"  and 
at  the  same  time  he  indicates  six  brachial  spines,  while  in  the  same  work,  a  few 
pages  before  (p.  336),  he  mentions  only  five. 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  99 

OPHIACANTHA  (OPHIOTRETA)  AFFINIS,  new  species. 
Plate  13,  figs.  1-3. 

Albatross  station  2156.  Apr.  30,  1884.  Lat,  23°  10'  35"  N.;  long.  82°  21' 
55"  W.;  278  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  59.8°  F.  One  specimen  (type). 

Albatross  station  2321.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  W.; 
230  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2346.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  200  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2348.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  211  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Type.— Cat.  No.  7178,  U.S.N.M. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  from  14  to  16  mm.,  and  in  one  of  the  specimens 
from  station  2321,  it  does  not  exceed  11  or  12  mm.  The  arms  are  seldom  complete 
and  they  are  broken  at  a  certain  distance  from  the  base,  but  they  are  long,  and,  in 
the  smallest  example  from  station  2321,  one  arm,  which  remains  complete,  measures 
1 10  mm.  Besides,  the  specimens  are  generally  not  in  very  good  condition  and  they 
have  undergone  some  friction  which  has  often  taken  away  part  of  the  spines  of  the 
upper  face  of  the  disk;  this  face  itself  is  sometimes  torn. 

This  species  is  very  interesting  because  it  recalls,  by  several  characters,  Ophio- 
pristis  ensifera  of  Verrill,  while  by  some  others  it  is  near  Ophiaeantha  (Ophiotreta) 
valenciennesi.  I  shall  describe  it  chiefly  from  the  sample  from  station  2156,  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  reaches  15  mm.,  and  two  arms  of  which  are  preserved 
to  a  certain  length  (70  and  55  mm.,  respectively). 

The  disk  is  rounded  or  subpentagonal.  The  upper  face,  slightly  convex,  is 
covered  with  small,  thin,  imbricated  plates,  the  outlines  of  which  are  well  per- 
ceived only  when  the  spines  borne  by  them  are  removed.  Each  of  them  is 
provided  with  a  short  and  conical  spine,  which  is  very  thick  at  its  base,  so  as  to 
beset  a  large  part  of  the  surface  of  the  plate,  two  or  two-and-a-half  times  longer 
than  wide  and  provided  on  its  surface  with  fairly  strong  asperities  which  often 
become  a  little  more  conspicuous  at  the  end  of  the  spine,  where  there  are  always  two 
or  three  of  them.  These  spines  always  leave  bare  the  radial  shields,  the  outlines 
of  which  are  quite  apparent;  the  latter  are  small,  oval,  or  triangular,  with  rounded 
angles,  one-and-a-half  times  longer  than  wide,  and  widely  separated  by  several 
rows  of  plates,  the  middle  one  of  which  often  includes  two  or  three  plates  which 
are  larger  than  the  others. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  in  the  interradial  spaces  with  plates 
identical  with  those  of  the  upper  face,  but  deprived  of  spines,  and  extending  as 
far  as  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are  long  and  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large  and  widened  and  recall  those  of  Ophiopristis 
ensifera  of  Verrill;  they  are  triangular  with  a  fairly  open  proximal  angle  which  is 
limited  by  straight  or  slightly  incurved  sides;  the  lateral  angles  are  very  wide  and 
strongly  rounded;  finally  the  distal  side  offers  in  its  middle  a  wide  lobe  which  does 
not  very  strongly  protrude  into  the  interradial  space;  these  shields  are  one-and-a- 
half  times  wider  than  long.  The  adoral  plates  are  narrow  and  greatly  elongated, 
inwardly  widened,  and  they  rest  against  each  other,  following  the  interradial 
median  line,  for  a  fairly  important  length;  they  become  narrower  in  their  middle 


100  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

region  and  wider  again  outwardly,  where  they  build  a  blade  which,  besides,  is  very 
thin,  and  which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate. 
The  oral  plates  are  very  high  and  narrow,  and  do  not  exceed  the  middle  of  the  adoral 
plates.  The  oral  plates  bear  on  their  free  edge  a  sometimes  rather  irregular  row  of 
oral  papillae  which  most  generally  amount  to  seven;  these  papillae  are  conical, 
elongated  and  rather  narrow,  with  an  obtuse  end;  sometimes  there  are  one  or  two 
supplementary  papillae  intercalated  among  the  normal  ones,  breaking  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  latter.  The  two  external  papillae  scarcely  differ  from  their  neighbors; 
they  are,  however,  a  little  shorter  and  also  slightly  more  widened  and  more  obtuse, 
but  they  can  hardly  be  said  to  offer  a  peculiar  differentiation.  This  row  of  oral 
papillae  suddenly  stops  outwardly,  and  it  scarcely  reaches  the  third  part  or  the 
middle  of  the  tentacular  mouth  pore  which  remains  absolutely  unarmed  around 
its  entire  outline.  In  none  of  the  specimens  do  I  observe  the  slightest  indication  of 
papillae,  either  on  the  external  or  the  internal  side  of  this  pore,  neither  do  I  observe 
it  on  the  under  face  of  the  oral  plate.  At  the  extremity  of  the  jaws,  there  appear 
sometimes  two  and  sometimes  three  large  tooth  papillae. 

The  shape  of  the  upper  brachial  plates  suggests  that  of  Ophiopristis  ensifera. 
These  plates  are,  however,  comparatively  a  little  wider  than  in  the  latter  species, 
and,  besides,  their  shape  is  plainly  triangular  and  not  lozengelike;  they  offer,  over 
their  whole  length,  a  slight  median  crest.  The  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  is 
limited  by  two  slightly  convex  sides;  the  convex  distal  side  offers,  in  its  middle,  a 
small  lobe  which  corresponds  to  the  median  keel;  the  lateral  angles  are  very  sharp. 
On  the  first  brachial  articles,  the  median  protuberance  of  the  distal  side  is  more 
conspicuous,  and  this  side  itself  may  be  resolved  into  two  sides  which  meet  by  a 
protruding  and  very  obtuse  angle.  These  plates  are  almost  twice  wider  than  long 
and  they  are  all  contiguous. 

The  first  brachial  under  plate  is  fairly  small,  trapezoidal,  with  a  proximal  side 
which  is  larger  than  the  distal  side;  these  two  sides  are  slightly  convex  and  the 
lateral  sides  are  diverging.  The  following  plates  are  pentagonal  with  a  very  obtuse 
proximal  angle,  diverging  lateral  sides  which  are  very  widely  excavated  by  the  cor- 
responding tentacular  scales,  and  a  very  wide  and  strongly  convex  distal  side.  In 
the  largest  specimens  the  first  two  or  three  plates  have  their  proximal  angle  opened 
to  such  an  extent  that  it  almost  reaches  180°  and  the  outline  then  becomes  simply 
rectangular.  These  under  brachial  plates  are,  first,  much  wider  than  long,  then 
they  become  narrower  and  just  as  wide  as  long,  and  finally  they  are  longer  than 
wide;  they  always  remain  contiguous.  The  middle  of  each  plate  is  slightly  pro- 
truding, chiefly  near  the  proximal  angle.  On  the  surface  of  these  plates  and  mainly 
at  a  certain  distance  from  the  disk,  one  can  see  a  mark  consisting  of  two  lines  which, 
starting  from  each  antero-lateral  angle,  meet  at  an  acute  angle  at  a  certain  distance 
in  front  of  the  distal  side.  This  mark  is  not  nearly  so  plain  at  the  beginning  of  the 
arms,  where,  besides,  the  two  lines  form  a  less  acute  angle;  it  is  analogous  to  that 
which  Lyman  has  indicated  in  Ophiacaniha  placentigera,  a  species  which  Verrill 
also  has  classified  in  his  genus  Ophiotreta,  but  here  it  extends  over  a  greater  length 
of  the  plate. 

The  lateral  plates  have  on  their  distal  side,  which  is  fairly  protruding  and 
thickened,  five  flattened,  transparent  spines  which  are  provided  on  their  edges 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  101 

with  extremely  small,  dense,  and  regular  denticulations;  these  denticulations  appear 
almost  on  the  whole  length  of  the  spines,  excepting  just  near  their  basis,  and  they 
become  a  little  stronger  toward  the  end.  The  length  of  the  spines  increases  from 
the  first  ventral,  which  reaches  or  even  exceeds  one-and-a-half  articles,  to  the 
last  dorsal  one  which  equals  at  least  two-and-a-half  articles;  this  latter  spine  is 
often  narrower  than  the  others.  On  the  large  specimens  one  often  finds  seven 
spines  on  the  first  articles,  then  they  fall  back  to  six  and  finally  to  five. 

The  tentacular  scales  first  amount  to  two,  a  figure  which  is  maintained  over 
a  certain  length  of  the  arms,  sometimes  even  over  three  centimeters,  then,  after 
some  irregularities,  there  finally  remains  but  one  tentacular  scale.  The  external 
scale  is  always  much  more  developed  than  the  internal  one;  it  is  large,  triangular, 
very  much  widened  at  the  base  and  its  end  is  pointed  except  on  the  first  articles 
where  it  is  wider  and  almost  oval;  the  surface  is  rough.  The  internal  scale,  partly 
covered  by  the  foregoing  one,  is  shorter  and  narrower  and  its  apex,  which  is  less 
pointed,  often  offers  one  or  two  little  spinules.  These  two  scales  extend  regularly, 
with  the  characters  I  have  just  described,  on  to  a  certain  number  of  articles;  then, 
at  a  variable  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms,  the  internal  scale  is  seen  to  dis- 
appear, either  on  one  side  or  on  the  other,  or  on  both  sides  at  the  same  time,  then 
it  appears  again  a  little  further  on  to  disappear  again  and  sometimes  to  reappear 
once  more,  all  of  it  in  a  very  irregular  manner.  Sometimes  after  a  large  number  of 
articles  which  show  but  one  tentacular  scale  on  each  side,  one  sees  the  internal  scale 
suddenly  appear  again  on  a  single  article,  either  on  the  right  or  on  the  left.  Be  it  as 
it  may,  the  external  scale  finally  persists  alone  until  the  end  of  the  arms.  The  pores 
of  the  first  pair  have  sometimes  three  scales  which  are  then  smaller  than  the  two 
normal  ones. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  a  light  brownish-yellow  identical  with 
what  is  known  in  0.  valenciennesi,  but  that  from  station  2348  is  simply  greyish. 
One  can  still  trace  two  fairly  wide  longitudinal  lines,  of  a  somewhat  darker  brown, 
which  run  on  each  side  along  the  upper  median  line  of  the  arms. 

Connections  and  differences. — This  species  is  very  interesting,  because,  as  I  have 
pointed  out  above,  it  recalls  both  Ophiopristis  ensifera  and  Ophiacanfha  (Ophiotreta) 
valenciennesi.  The  arrangement  of  the  oral  papillae  does  not  permit  its  being 
classified  in  the  genus  Ophiopristis  of  Verrill,  but  the  shape  of  the  upper  and  under 
brachial  plates,  as  well  as  that  of  the  mouth  shields,  the  presence  of  fairly  large 
radial  shields  and  the  armature  of  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  consisting 
of  small  and  short  echinulated  spines,  recall  Ophiopristis  ensifera.  0.  affinis 
is  near  the  few  species  classified  by  Verrill  in  his  subgenus  Ophiotreta,  and  chiefly 
near  0.  valenciennesi  with  which  it  was  even  associated  at  station  2321.  It  plainly 
differs  from  the  latter  species  by  the  tentacular  scales,  two  of  which  appear  on  a 
certain  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms  and  have  quite  a  different  shape,  by  the 
mouth  shields  being  large  and  broadly  widened  instead  of  small  and  elongated, 
by  the  scales  of  the  disk  being  armed  with  real  little  spines  instead  of  mere  granules, 
by  the  brachial  spines  being  beset  with  denticulations  over  their  whole  length 
and  not  only  in  the  terminal  part,  and  chiefly  by  the  shape  of  the  external  oral 
papillae  which  are  hardly  different  from  the  preceding  ones.  Owing  to  this  latter 
character,  0.  affinis  has  its  place  just  at  the  limit  of  the  genus  Ophiotreta. 


102  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIACANTHA  (OPHIOTRETA)  SERTATA  (Lymau). 

Ophwmitra  sertata  LYMAN  (69),  p.  326. 
Ophiomitra  sertata  LYMAN  (78),  p.  231. 
Ophiacantha  sertata  LYMAN  (82),  p.  198. 
Ophiacanlha  sertata  LYMAN  (83),  p.  261. 
Ophiotreta  sertata  VEBRILL  (99),  pp.  40  and  54. 
Ophiotreta  sertata  VERRILL  (99a),  pp.  336,  337,  338,  348. 
Ophiacantha  sertata  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  321. 

Albatross  station  2342.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  201  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2350.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21"  W.;  213  fathoms;  co.  Four  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2655.  May  2,  1886.  Lat,  27°  22'  N.;  long.  78°  07'  30"  W.; 
338  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  47.5°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  5  and  8  mm. ;  the  specimens  from 
Station  2350  are  in  a  fairly  good  state;  the  others  have  most  of  their  arms  broken 
near  the  base. 

This  species  was  placed  by  Verrill  in  his  subgenus  Ophiotreta.  The  description 
which  Lyman  published  in  1869  is  very  complete  and  little  has  been  added  to  it 
since.  In  1907,  I  published  a  drawing  of  the  under  face  after  two  specimens  from 
the  dredgings  of  the  Blake  which  were  given  to  the  Jardin  des  Plantes. 

I  find  again,  on  the  distal  side  of  the  mouth  shields,  the  few  little  spines  which 
were  reported  by  Lyman.  The  brachial  spines  are  more  or  less  flattened  and 
translucent.  Lyman  wrote,  in  1869,  that  the  spines,  amounting  to  seven,  were  all 
rough;  in  both  specimens  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  the  spines  are  provided  with 
fairly  minute  and  dense  denticulations.  In  the  specimen  from  station  2655,  these 
denticulations  are  a  little  stronger  and,  besides,  somewhat  irregular  and  unequal; 
among  those  from  station  2350,  the  said  denticulations  are  a  little  more  apparent 
on  the  largest  specimens.  The  brachial  pores  of  the  first  pair  often  carry  two  scales, 
as  I  indicated  in  1907. 

The  first  upper  brachial  plates  are  often  contiguous  at  the  bases  of  the  arms, 
chiefly  on  the  somewhat  large  specimens,  then  they  part.  In  no  specimen  are 
there  any  granules  on  the  oral  plates  and  the  radial  shields  are  always  distinct; 
both  these  characters  allow  0.  sertata  to  be  distinguished  from  0.  lineolata  to  which 
it  is  closely  allied. 

OPHIACANTHA  (OPHIOTRETA)  VALENCIENNES!  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Koehler  (09),  p.  188. 

Albatross  station  2320.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat,  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18' 
48"  W.;  130  fathoms;  fne.  co.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2321.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  W.; 
230  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.  Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2334.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  42"  N.;  long.  82°  18' 
24"  W.;  67  fathoms;  wh.  co.  One  specimen. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  103 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  20°  44"  N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.; 
440  fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  Fifteen  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2663.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  21°  56'  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.;  421 
fathoms;  br.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Havana.     One  specimen. 

The  shape  of  the  mouth  shields  varies  somewhat,  the  proximal  angle  being 
more  or  less  elongated  and  pointed,  but  they  are  always  longer  than  wide.  The 
granules  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  extend  generally  over  to  the  first  one  or  two 
upper  brachial  plates,  and,  on  certain  specimens,  especially  on  some  from  station 
2415,  one  may  observe  on  the  plates  at  the  bases  of  the  arms,  from  two  to  four  very 
short  spines  which  start  from  the  middle  of  the  distal  side. 

I  have  already  called  attention  to  the  wide  geographical  range  of  0.  valen- 
ciennesi  (06,  p.  293,  and  09,  p.  189).  The  discovery  of  this  species  at  station  2334 
is  very  interesting  since  it  shows  that  it  can  come  up  as  high  as  67  fathoms.  I  have 
examined  with  special  attention  the  specimen  from  that  station;  though  rather 
small,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  not  exceeding  7  mm.,  it  is  quite  characteristic  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  its  identity. 

OPUIOMITRELLA  AMERICANA,  new  species. 

Plate  15,  figs.  1-2. 

A  single  example  found  on  a  branch  of  Platycaulis  danidsseni. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32297,  U.S.N.M. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  6.5  mm.  The  arms  are  not  complete;  they 
are  preserved  to  a  length  of  12  to  15  mm.  and  could  not  have  been  very  long. 

.The  disk  is  subpentagonal.  The  upper  face  ia  covered  with  fairly  thick  and 
sharply  outlined  plates,  rather  large,  somewhat  unequal,  polygonal,  with  moreor 
less  rounded  angles  and  not  imbricated.  These  plates  bear  large  thick  globules 
which  are  a  little  higher  than  wide  and  cylindrical  with  rounded  ends  and  carry 
very  short,  fine,  and  pointed  spinules.  The  smaller  plates  bear  but  one  globule 
each  but  most  of  them  have  two  and  few  have  even  three;  nevertheless  these  glob- 
ules always  remain  broadly  separated  from  each  other  and  are  relatively  few; 
they  lie  closer  to  one  another  only  at  the  margin  of  the  disk.  The  radial  shields, 
of  medium  size,  are  larger  than  the  largest  plates  of  the  disk,  triangular,  with  a 
plainly  rounded  proximal  apex;  they  are  as  long  as  wide  or  a  little  longer  than 
wide;  their  surface  is  completely  bare,  but  on  their  external  edge  are  found  a  certain 
number  of  granules,  amounting  to  about  half  a  dozen,  identical  with  those  existing 
on  the  margin  of  the  disk.  These  shields  are  wide  apart  and  the  intervals  between 
them  are  beset  by  plates  which  are  usually  arranged  in  one  row  only  and  may  reach 
a  large  size.  The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  all  over  with  plates  similar  to 
those  of  the  upper  face,  but  smaller,  somewhat  inbricated,  and  carrying  granules 
which,  on  the  margin,  are  identical  with  those  of  the  upper  face  which  they  succeed ; 
these  granules  become  smaller  and  less  rough  as  they  lie  nearer  the  mouth  shields. 
The  genital  slits  are  very  wide. 

The  mouth  shields  are  middle-sized,  triangular,  much  wider  than  long,  with  an 
elongated  proximal  angle  which  has  a  rounded  apex;  the  two  lateral  sides,  slightly 
excavated,  meet  the  strongly  convex  distal  edge  by  rounded  angles;  in  the  middle 
6061°— Bull.  84—14 8 


104  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

of  the  said  distal  edge  there  is  a  little  lobe  which  is  not  very  conspicuous.  The 
adoral  plates  are  elongated,  three  times  longer  than  wide,  with  parallel  and  slightly 
incurvate  sides;  they  are  somewhat  narrower  inwardly  and  outwardly  and  they 
do  not  separate  the  mouth  shields  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  rather  small  and  triangular.  The  oral  papillae,  amounting  to  three  on 
each  side,  are  flattened,  lanceolate,  with  a  more  or  less  blunt  point;  the  external 
papilla  is  a  little  wider  than  the  others.  The  odd  terminal  papilla  is  a  little  more 
developed  than  the  next  ones.  The  surface  of  these  papillae  is  covered  with  very- 
fine  rugosities. 

The  first  upper  brachial  plate  is  quadrangular  and  extremely  short.  The 
second  is  longer  and  much  more  developed  but  it  still  remains  quadrangular  with 
a  very  wide  and  convex  distal  side  and  divergent  lateral  sides.  The  following  plates 
are  rather  large,  triangular,  with  an  acute  proximal  angle,  a  convex  distal  side  and 
divergent  lateral  sides.  Some  globules,  analogous  to  those  of  the  upper  face  of  the 
disk,  appear  on  the  first  brachial  plates;  the  first  plate  shows  four  or  five  such 
granules  set  in  a  row,  generally  on  its  distal  margin;  the  second  plate  also  displays, 
on  its  distal  margin,  a  little  row  of  three  such  globules;  lastly,  the  seven  or  eight 
succeeding  plates  have  each,  on  the  middle  of  their  distal  margin,  a  single  globule 
which  is  somewhat  more  elongated  than  the  preceding  ones.  These  globules  seem 
to  fall  off  easily  and  they  are  lacking  on  several  plates;  on  one  of  the  arms,  however, 
I  find  them  very  regularly  preserved  up  to  and  including  the  seventh  plate;  beyond 
it,  they  are  always  absent  and  I  find  no  scar  indicating  their  presence. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate,  fairly  large,  is  quadrangular,  with  a  widened 
and  almost  straight  proximal  side,  oblique  lateral  sides  meeting,  by  means  of 
rounded  angles,  the  distal  side,  which  is  narrow  and  also  rounded.  The  succeeding 
plates  are  fairly  large  and  pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle,  straight 
lateral  sides,  and  a  very  convex  distal  side,  which  often  displays,  in  its  middle  and 
on  the  first  plate,  a  small  notch,  more  or  less  conspicuous.  The  second  and  third 
plates  are  a  little  wider  than  long;  beyond  them  the  plates  become  as  wide  as  long, 
and  finally  a  little  longer  than  wide.  They  are  separated  from  the  second  one. 

Each  lateral  plate,  fairly  protruding,  carries  on  its  distal  side  five  spines,  the 
length  of  which  increases  from  the  first  ventral,  which  is  equal  to  the  article,  to  the 
fourth,  equal  to  one  and  a  half  articles;  the  fifth  spine  is  somewhat  shorter.  These 
spines  are  cylindrical,  fairly  pointed,  and  they  bear  dense  and  sharp  asperities, 
some  of  which  even  rise  to  more  conspicuous  denticulations,  which,  however,  are 
generally  few  in  number. 

The  tentacular  scale,  always  single,  is  very  large,  widened  and  lanceolate,  and 
its  surface  is  rough;  its  length  almost  reaches  that  of  the  corresponding  brachial 
plate. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  americana  is  very  near  0.  globulifera  (Kcehler), 
which  I  have  dredged  on  board  the  Caudan  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay;  it  differs  from  it, 
first  by  the  characters  of  the  globules  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  which  are  rounded, 
transparent,  and  completely  smooth  in  0.  globulifera.  Moreover,  the  globules  are 
completely  lacking  on  the  upper  brachial  plates  in  this  latter  species.  The  tentac- 
ular scale  is  stronger  in  0.  americana,  and  the  outlines  of  the  mouth  pieces  are 
somewhat  different  in  the  two  species. 


OPHIUBANS   OF  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  105 

OPHIOMITRELLA  LEVIS,  new  species. 
Plate  10,  figs.  1  and  6. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32298,  U.S.N.M. 

Both  specimens  are  small  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  4.5  to  5 
mm.;  neither  of  them  is  complete,  and  the  arms  are  broken  more  or  less  near  the 
base.  In  the  smaller  one  the  disk  is  almost  circular,  whilst  in  the  larger  one  it  is 
pentagonal,  with  rather  excavated  interradial  spaces. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  indented  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  it  shows  five 
pairs  of  protruding  ribs,  which  succeed  the  very  small  radial  shields  and  it  offers  in 
its  central  region  a  depression  which  follows  each  radius  to  the  base  of  the  arms 
between  the  radial  shields.  This  face  is  covered  with  scales,  which  are  very  small, 
rounded,  and  imbricated;  each  of  them  bears  a  small  stump,  which  is  very  wide 
at  the  base  and  becomes  rapidly  thinner,  in  the  shape  of  a  peduncle,  becoming 
again  wider  at  the  end,  which  carries  a  crown  of  from  six  to  eight  very  small  diverging 
spinules  very  regularly  arranged.  These  stumps  are  closely  approximated  to  one 
another,  owing  to  the  small  size  of  the  plates  which  carry  them;  they  form  a  very 
regular  and  uniform  covering  over  the  upper  face  of  the  disk.  One  perceives  at  the 
end  of  each  radial  rib  a  very  narrow  little  shield,  which  is  elongated,  triangular,  and 
has  a  bare  and  finely  granulous  surface. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  offers  in  the  interradial  spaces  a  covering  similar  to 
that  of  the  upper  face,  but  the  plates  are  less  dense,  and  the  stumps  grow  thinner 
at  the  same  time  as  the  terminal  spinules  are  fewer  and  shorter,  but  these  stumps 
extend  up  to  the  external  edge  of  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are  plainly 
visible. 

The  mouth  shields  are  middle-sized,  triangular,  with  an  acute  proximal  angle 
limited  by  two  concave  sides  which  join  by  sharp  angles  the  distal  side,  which  is  very 
strongly  convex;  they  are  scarcely  wider  than  long.  The  adoral  plates  are  very 
much  developed  and  remarkably  wide,  one  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide;  they 
are  narrowed  in  their  distal  part,  and  they  do  not  separate  the  mouth  shield  from 
the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  rather  small,  triangular,  fairly 
high.  The  oral  papillae  number  three  on  each  side;  they  are  middle-sized  and 
conical,  except  the  external  papilla,  which  is  rather  obtuse;  the  odd  terminal  papilla 
is  wide,  thick,  and  strong,  often  with  a  truncated  apex;  the  surface  of  these  papillae 
is  very  rough.  It  should  be  noted  that  the  distal  sides  of  the  mouth  shields,  of  the 
adoral  plates,  and  of  the  first  under  brachial  plate,  build  together  the  sides  of  a 
regular  pentagon,  which  is  very  conspicuous,  has  straight  sides,  and  the  angles  of 
which,  corresponding  to  the  distal  sides  of  the  mouth  shields,  are  rounded. 

The  arms  are  moniliform.  The  first  two  upper  brachial  plates  are  triangular, 
with  a  rather  acute  proximal  angle  and  a  slightly  convex  distal  side;  -they  are  a  little 
wider  than  long,  and  their  dorsal  surface  is  somewhat  protruding.  From  the  third 
plate  upward  this  face  becomes  more  convex  at  the  same  time  as  the  proximal 
angle  gets  rounded,  and  the  distal  side  becomes  wider  as  well  as  more  convex;  the 
plates  thus  offering  some  likeness  with  the  campanuliform  type.  They  are  separated 
from  the  base  of  the  arm. 


106  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  fairly  large,  trapezoidal,  with  the  proximal 
side  widened  and  slightly  excavated  in  its  middle  the  lateral  sides  are  oblique  and 
they  meet  by  rounded  angles  a  small  distal  side;  this  plate  is  somewhat  longer  than 
wide  in  the  smaller  sample  and,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  a  little  wider  than  long  in  the 
larger  one.  The  next  plates  are  large,  pentagonal,  with  a  proximal  angle,  which  is 
still  fairly  well  delineated  on  the  second  plate,  but  which  afterwards  becomes  very 
obtuse;  the  lateral  sides  are  narrow  and  the  distal  side  is  very  wide  and  slightly 
convex.  These  plates  are  always  much  wider  than  long,  and  they  are  separated 
from  the  basis  of  the  arm  by  an  interval  which  becomes  fairly  long  from  the  second 
plate  upward. 

The  lateral  plates  are  fairly  protruding  and  they  carry  nine  spines  each  at  the 
basis  of  the  arms;  the  two  rows  on  each  side  are  very  much  approximated  dorsally. 
The  length  of  the  spines  increases  from  the  first  ventral  one,  which  is  shorter  than 
the  article  upward,  to  the  last  two  dorsal  ones;  the  latter  scarcely  exceed  one  and  a 
half  articles  at  the  basis  of  the  arms,  and  afterwards  become  much  shorter. 
These  spines  are  thin,  cylindrical,  and  pointed;  they  are  provided  with  fine  and 
dense  denticulations,  which  are  particularly  obvious  on  the  ventral  spines,  and  less 
so  on  the  dorsal  side. 

The  tentacular  scale  is  small,  conical,  with  a  blunt  point,  and  its  surface  is 
rough. 

Connections  and  differences. — Ophiomitretia  levis  seems  to  me  to  be  very  near 
0.  Isevipellis  (Lyman),  which  it  recalls  by  its  small  size,  by  the  shape  of  the  upper 
and  under  brachial  plates,  by  a  like  arrangement  of  the  mouth  pieces,  etc.  It 
differs  from  it  in  having  the  covering  of  the  disk  made  of  stumps  regularly  ending 
in  a  diverging  bunch  of  minute  spinules,  whilst  in  0.  Isevipellis  these  plates  carry 
only  some  rounded  globules  which  seem  to  be  much  caducous,  for  the  plates  are 
most  often  bare;  the  oral  papillae  regularly  amount  to  three  in  the  two  examples  of 
0.  levis  which  I  had  in  hand,  whilst  in  0.  Isevipellis  they  vary  in  number  even  in  the 
same  specimen.  Lastly,  the  brachial  spines  are  more  strongly  echinulated  than 
in  the  new  species.  Though  0.  Isevipellis  is  likely  to  offer  certain  variations,  which 
have  been  studied  chiefly  by  Verrill  (99  a,  p.  343),  these  variations  are  of  a  kind 
which  does  not  allow  of  0.  levis  being  united  with  0.  Isevipellis;  especially  the  cover- 
ing of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  remains  as  a  most  striking  characteristic  of  the  new 
species. 

OPHIOMITRELLA  L.EV1PELLIS  (Lyman). 

Plate  13,  figs.  4-5. 

Ophiawntha  Ixvipellis  LYMAN  (83),  p.  259,  pi.  6,  figa.  82-84. 
Ophiomitrella  Isevipellis  VERRILL  (99),  pp.  39,  43. 
Ophiomitrella  Ixvipellis  VERRILL  (99o),  pp.  326,  332,  343,  and  362. 

Albatross  station  2159.  Apr.  30,  1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long  82°  20' 
08"  W.;  98  fathoms;  co.  A  single  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  5  mm.  The  specimen  is  rather  incomplete; 
two  arms  are  completely  lacking  and  the  others  are  only  partly  preserved.  The 
example  is  quite  in  conformity  with  VerrilTs  description,  which  has  completed  and 
corrected  Lyman's,  and  the  very  small  granules  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are 
very  few;  I  have,  besides,  compared  it  with  a  specimen  determined  by  Verrill 
which  has  been  sent  to  me  by  the  United  States  National  Museum. 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  107 

OPHIOMITRELLA  PORRECTA,  new  species. 

Plate  12,  figs.  5-6. 

Albatross  station  2781.     Feb.  4,  1888.     Lat.  51°  52'  S.;  long.  73°  41'  W.;  369 
fathoms;  bu.  m.;  temp.  49.9°  F.     Three  specimens. 
Type.— Cat.  No.  32299,  U.S.N.M. 

The  diameter  of  the  disks  measure,  respectively,  6.5,  4.5,  and  3  mm. ;  in  the 
largest  specimen  the  length  of  the  arms  reaches  28  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded  and  subpentagonal  but  not  excavated  in  the  interradial 
spaces.  The  upper  face  is  covered  with  fairly  large  imbricated  plates,  the  outlines 
of  which  are  not  very  conspicuous  in  the  largest  specimen,  owing  to  their  being  hidden 
by  the  tegument,  but  these  outlines  are  more  distinct  on  the  two  smaller  specimens. 
On  the  latter,  also,  it  is  more  easy  to  discern  the  presence  of  small  elongated  radial 
shields,  which  are  triangular  and  narrow,  widely  separated,  while  they  are  hardly 
distinct  from  the  neighboring  plates  on  the  largest  specimen.  Each  plate  carries 
a  large  spine  which  is  very  rough,  rather  short,  thick  at  its  base,  and  has  about  the 
same  width  over  its  whole  length.  At  the  end  of  the  said  spine  appear  a  few  large 
unequal,  and  irregularly  arranged  spinules,  which  may  in  turn  carry  some  secondary 
denticulations;  it  happens  often,  but  not  constantly,  that  the  spinules  amount  to 
three  and  are  arranged  divergently.  The  length  of  the  spines  is  variable.  Instead 
of  being  cylindrical,  the  spines  may  be  simply  conical,  and,  in  this  case,  they  are 
provided  only  with  strong  rugosities. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rounded  and  imbricated  plates,  the 
outlines  of  which  are  more  distinct  than  on  the  upper  face,  and  each  of  which  carries 
a  conical  spine  which  extends  as  far  as  the  mouth  shield.  These  spines  are  always 
very  rough,  but  the  terminal  crown  of  spinules  has  disappeared.  The  genital  slits 
are  wide. 

The  rather  small  mouth  shields  are  lozenge-shaped  with  an  obtuse  proximal 
angle,  a  very  much  rounded  distal  angle,  almost  equal  and  straight  sides;  they  are 
somewhat  wider  than  long.  The  rather  small  adoral  plates  are  fairly  wide,  but 
short,  twice  or  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide;  they  are  widened  outwardly, 
but  they  do  not  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate. 
The  oral  plates  are  narrow  and  elongated.  The  oral  papillae  amount  to  three  on 
each  side;  they  are  elongated,  conical,  and  rough,  fairly  strong;  the  external  oral 
papilla  has  about  the  same  shape  as  the  other  two,  although  its  end  is  a  little  more 
obtuse.  The  single  tooth  papilla  is  a  little  stronger  but  of  the  same  shape  as  the 
neighboring  ones. 

The  middle-sized  upper  brachial  plates  are  triangular,  with  a  fairly  open 
proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  side;  they  are  about  as  wide  as  long,  or  a  little 
wider  than  long,  and  widely  separated  from  the  basis  of  the  arms. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  fairly  large,  pentagonal,  with  a  narrow  proxi- 
mal side,  two  diverging  lateral  sides  excavated  by  the  tentacular  mouth  pore,  and 
two  distal  sides  which  meet  by  a  very  obtuse  angle.  The  succeeding  plates  are 
pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  lateral  sides  which  are  slightly  excavated 
by  the  tentacular  scale,  and  a  wide  and  convex  distal  side.  These  plates  are  at 
first  a  little  wider  than  long,  then  they  finally  become  a  little  longer  than  wide; 


108  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

also  their  distal  side  becomes  more  and  more  convex  and  even  protruding.  All 
these  plates  are  separated  from  one  another  from  the  first  one  upward. 

The  fairly  protruding  lateral  plates  carry  six  spines  each.  The  first  ventral 
one  is  very  short  and  thin;  the  two  following  ones  are  about  equal  to  the  article, 
then  the  length  increases  up  to  the  last  dorsal  one  which  exceeds  two  articles  at  the 
base  of  the  arms;  the  rows  formed  by  these  spines  are  not  dorsally  approximated. 
These  spines  are  thin  and  pointed,  beset  with  small  denticulations  which,  as  a  rule, 
are  very  thin,  conical,  and  rather  loosely  distributed.  These  denticulations,  which 
are  never  much  developed,  appear  chiefly  on  the  ventral  and  lateral  spines  and 
become  less  apparent  on  the  last  dorsal  spine. 

The  tentacular  scale  is  large,  strong,  lanceolate,  with  an  obtuse  point,  and  its 
surface  is  strongly  rough;  it  is  notably  longer  than  half  the  corresponding  brachial 
plate. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  porrecta  stands  evidently  at  the  limit  between 
the  genus  Ophiacantha  and  the  genus  Ophiomitrella,  for  the  plates  of  the  upper  face 
of  the  disk,  although  being  not  only  apparent  but  very  plain  on  the  younger  speci- 
mens, become  somewhat  indistinct  as  they  grow  older.  Besides,  I  note  a  like 
peculiarity  in  other  Ophiacanthidse  and,  especially,  in  Ophiacantha  aristata  Koehler, 
where,  however,  the  plates  remain  somewhat  easier  to  perceive  on  the  larger  samples. 
It  is  with  this  latter  species  that  0.  porrecta  is  most  closely  allied.  It  differs  from  it 
in  having  the  plates  of  .the  upper  face  of  the  disk  bear  actual  spinulous  spines 
instead  of  those  stumps  provided  at  their  ends  with  those  spinulous  expansions 
which  are  so  peculiar  and  which  I  have  described  and  figured  for  0.  aristata  (09, 
pi.  26,  fig.  6);  in  the  upper  brachial  plates  a  little  larger  than  in  0.  aristata, 
where  they  remain  very  small  and  compressed;  in  the  lateral  brachial  plates  which 
are  stronger  and  which  carry,  on  their  strongly  thickened  distal  side,  spines  which 
are  more  numerous,  longer,  and  arranged  in  rows,  which  at  the  basis  of  the  arms 
are  approximated  dorsally.  The  tentacular  scale,  at  least,  is  less  developed  and 
less  rough  in  0.  porrecta  than  in  0.  aristata. 

I  beg  to  call  attention  to  the  latitude  of  the  station  where  0.  porrecta  has  been 
discovered;  this  species  very  likely  represents  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere  the 
0.  aristata  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 

OPmOMITRA  ROBUSTA,  new  species. 

Plate  10,  figs.  4-5. 

Albatross  station  2347.  Jan.  20,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
21  "W.;  21 6  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Type.—C&i.  No.  32300,  U.S.N.M. 

This  specimen  is  very  incomplete;  two  arms  are  completely  lacking,  the  other 
three  are  broken  off  close  to  their  bases  and  only  a  few  articles  are  preserved;  yet 
the  disk  and  the  remaining  parts  of  the  arms  are  in  excellent  condition  and  the 
specimen  can  perfectly  well  be  described.  I  consider  it  as  belonging  to  a  new 
species. 

The  disk  is  thick  and  slightly  excavated  at  the  level  of  the  insertion  of  the  arms, 
while  it  is  most  protruding  in  the  interradial  spaces.  Its  diameter  is  16  mm.; 
the  arms  are  wide  and  strong;  the  specimen  must  have  been  very  robust. 


OPHIUBANS   OF  UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  109 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  very  distinct  plates  which  are  of 
middle  size,  pretty  unequal,  and  imbricated;  they  display  on  their  free  margin  an 
extremely  narrow  fringe.  Each  plate  is  provided  with  a  spine  which  is  rather 
strong  and  thick,  but  variably  long  and  has  always  a  very  rough  surface.  Some- 
times these  spines  are  elongated,  presenting  a  certain  number  of  strong,  conical, 
and  pointed  teeth  and  having  at  their  ends  a  few  sharp  spinules;  sometimes,  on  the 
contrary,  they  are  short,  although  still  terminated  by  some  denticulations.  The 
interradial  spaces  are  especially  the  place  where  the  spines  are  most  developed, 
and  the  latter  are  particularly  elongated  at  the  margin  of  the  disk,  while  in  the 
radial  regions  they  are  very  short  and  may  even  be  reduced  to  simple  granules, 
somewhat  elongated  and  with  a  simply  rough  surface.  The  radial  shields,  clearly 
distinct,  and  of  middle  size,  are  triangular  with  their  angles  and  margins  rounded, 
a  little  longer  than  wide,  and  separated  on  their  whole  length  by  one  or  two  ranges 
of  plates;  these  shields  show  on  their  surfaces  a  few  rounded  or  conical  granules, 
loosely  and  irregularly  arranged,  somewhat  smaller  than  the  neighboring  granules. 
Occasionally  in  a  radius  the  two  radial  shields  of  the  same  pair  are  joined  into  a 
single  plate. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  provided  with  plates  carrying  spines  identical 
with  those  of  the  upper  face  and  which  extend  as  far  as  the  mouth  shields,  but  the 
size  of  these  spines  decreases  progressively  until  they  are  reduced  to  mere  granu- 
lations in  the  vicinity  of  the  said  shields;  their  surface  is  still  very  rough  but  they 
no  longer  offer  such  very  distinct  denticulations  as  on  the  upper  face.  The  genital 
slits  are  narrow  and  elongated. 

The  mouth  shields,  of  middling  size,  are  a  little  wider  than  long,  triangular, 
with  a  rounded  distal  lobe,  which  protrudes  more  or  less  into  the  interradial  space; 
the  proximal  angle  is  obtuse,  limited  by  straight  sides  which  unite  with  the  convex 
distal  edge  by  rourSed  angles.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  small,  with  the  prox- 
imal edge  slightly  incurved;  they  are  wider  externally,  but  they  do  not  separate 
the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  brachial  side  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  fairly 
large,  higher  than  wide.  The  oral  papillae  amount  to  six  or  seven  on  each  side; 
the  two  external  ones,  widened  and  flattened,  cover  the  tentacular  mouth  pore; 
the  others  are  thinner,  elongated,  and  conical,  with  a  blunt  point.  There  is, 
moreover,  a  certain  number  of  tooth  papillae  which  are  not  all  preserved  in  this 
specimen,  but  the  trace  of  which,  at  least,  may  be  detected;  some  of  them,  amounting 
to  three  or  four,  are  a  little  larger  than  the  oral  papillae  and  directed  horizontally; 
the  others,  amounting  to  about  the  same  number  and  arranged  behind  the  former, 
are  smaller  and  directed  obliquely  downwards. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  rather  small  and  about  as  long  as  wide;  they  are 
triangular  or  lozenge-shaped,  according  to  the  outline  of  the  distal  edge  which  is 
sometimes  very  strongly  convex,  sometimes  plainly  bent  into  two  distinct  sides 
joined  by  a  more  or  less  blunt  angle;  the  proximal  angle  is  fairly  open;  the  lateral 
edges  are  divergent  and  join  by  very  sharp  angles  on  the  distal  side.  These  plates 
are  separated  by  a  narrow  interval.  One  can  plainly  distinguish,  all  along  the 
distal  margin  of  the  said  plates,  a  set  of  very  fine,  sharp,  and  short  little  spines; 
moreover,  on  closer  examination,  some  similar  but  still  shorter  little  spines  will  be 
seen  which  are  irregularly  scattered  over  all  the  upper  face  of  the  plate.  The 


110  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

lateral  parts  of  the  upper  plates  have  preserved  a  brownish-pink  color,  and  there  is, 
besides,  a  large  purple-brown  spot  on  the  lateral  plates  on  either  side  of  the  distal 
edge  of  the  upper  plate;  the  whole  must  have  had  in  the  live  animal  the  appearance 
of  a  bicolored  stripe  extending  all  along  the  upper  face  of  the  arms. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  small,  quadrangular,  longer  than  wide,  narrow 
between  the  two  corresponding  adoral  plates ;  the  narrow  proximal  side  is  divided 
into  two  parts  by  a  median  furrow  extending  on  the  under  face  of  the  plate.  The 
following  plates  are  very  large,  quadrangular,  having  a  convex  distal  side  and  lateral 
edges,  which  are  divergent  and  strongly  excavated  at  the  corresponding  tentacular 
scale;  one  can  hardly  speak  of  a  proximal  angle,  except  for  the  first  plates,  where 
this  angle  is  very  obtuse,  while  it  reaches  180°  on  the  following  plates,  the  sides  of 
this  angle  being  continuous  and  transverse,  forming  a  proximal  side.  The  first 
plate  is  already  a  little  wider  than  long,  but  the  following  ones  grow  very  rapidly 
wider  until  they  become  almost  twice  wider  than  long;  these  plates  are  almost 
contiguous,  the  interval  between  them  being  extremely  narrow. 

The  lateral  brachial  plates  are  short,  but  their  distal  side  is  very  wide  and  thick. 
They  each  are  provided  at  the  basis  of  the  arms  with  nine  large  and  strong  spines, 
the  first  ventral  being  equal  to  one  and  a  half  articles,  and  the  last  dorsal  exceeding 
four  articles;  the  rows  are  not  approximate  dorsally.  These  spines  are  provided 
with  fine  denticulations  loosely  spread  but  not  very  conspicuous  and  which  generally 
are  even  completely  lacking  on  the  large  upper  spines. 

The  single  tentacular  scale  is  extremely  developed;  it  is  wide,  thick,  and 
lanceolate,  ending  in  a  blunt  and  scarcely  rough  point;  the  length  of  that  scale 
almost  reaches  that  of  the  corresponding  brachial  under  plate.  The  first  pore 
carries  always  two  scales,  but  the  following  ones  have  but  one;  however,  I  excep- 
tionally find  on  one  of  the  arms  another  pore  provided  with  two  scales. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  rdbusta  is  allied  chiefly  to  0.  ornata  Verrill  and 
0.  spinea  Verrill.  It  can  easily  be  distinguished  from  0.  ornata,  the  radial  shields 
of  which  are  contiguous  on  their  whole  length,  and  the  mouth  shields,  as  well  as 
the  upper  and  under  brachial  plates  of  which,  have  a  different  shape ;  moreover,  the 
brachial  spines  amount  to  five  only;  the  characters  of  this  species  clearly  appear 
in  VerriU's  figures.  The  second  species  has  not  been  represented  and  is  known  only 
by  a  rather  short  description  by  Verrill;  the  radial  shields  are  externally  contiguous; 
the  adoral  plates  are  thick  and  crescent-shaped;  the  brachial  spines,  which  amount 
to  nine,  as  in  0.  rdbusta,  are  provided  with  very  strong  denticulations;  lastly,  the 
oral  papillae  are  much  more  numerous.  All  these  characters  fail  to  apply  to  the 
specimen  gathered  by  the  Albatross,  but,  unfortunately,  Verrill  gave  no  information 
regarding  the  shape  of  the  under  and  upper  brachial  plates  of  0.  spinea,  which 
plates  are  especially  characteristic  in  0.  rdbusta. 

OPHIOMITRA  VALIDA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 
Verrill  (09a),  p.  353. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7280.     Feb.  14,  1902.     Lat.  24°  17'  05"  N.;  long.  81°  58' 

25"  W.;  132  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  52°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7281.     Feb.  14,  1902.     Lat.  24°  13'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  58' 

15"  W.;  304  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  52°  F.  Two  specimens. 


OPHIUEANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  Ill 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  generally  about  10  mm.;  in  the  larger  specimen  it 
is  13  mm.,  and  in  the  smaller  5.5  mm. 

The  description  which  has  been  given  by  Lyman  of  0.  valida  was  established 
on  some  young  specimens;  it  was  completed  by  Verrill,  who  made  this  species  the 
type  of  the  genus  Ophiomitra,  s.  str.,  and  I  can  but  refer  to  that  author's  work. 

0.  valida  is  not  much  known,  except  in  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  on  the  coasts  of 
Florida,  but  it  has  a  very  wide  bathymetrical  distribution,  for  it  is  said  to  extend 
between  10  and  1,105  fathoms. 

OPH1OPORA  BARTLETTI  (Lyman). 

See  for  bibliography : 
Koehler  (09),  p.  195. 

Albatross,  1886.     Bahamas.     No  depth  mentioned.     One  specimen. 
The  specimen  is  in  very  bad  condition;  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  has  been  torn 
out  and  the  arms  are  broken  about  the  base,  but  still  it  is  quite  characteristic. 

OPHIOLIMNA  LITTORALIS  Koehler. 
Ophiolimna  littoralis  KCEHLER  (13),  p.  370,  pi.  21,  figs.  1-3. 

Havana,  three  specimens ;  no  depth  indicated. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between  7  and  10  mm.  I  have  mentioned 
these  specimens  in  the  description  which  I  have  recently  given  of  this  new  species, 
to  which  please  refer. 

OPHIOLEDA  MINIMA  Koehler. 

Ophioleda  minima  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  293,  pi.  21,  figs.  44,  45. 

Ophioplinthaca  occlusa  KCEHLER,  Bull.  Mus6e  Oc6an.  Monaco,  No.  99,  1907,  p.  4. 

Ophioleda  minima  KOEHLER,  Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  France  for  1906,  vol.  19,  1908,  p.  26. 

Ophioplinthaca  occlusa  KCEHLER  (00),  p.  194,  pi.  28,  figs.  5,  6. 

• 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
270  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  A  few  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2667.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  53'  N.;  long.  79°  42'  30"  W.; 
273  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  48.7°  F.  Numerous  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7283.  Feb.  19,  1902.  Lat.  24°  17'  30"  N.;  long.  81°  53' 
30"  W.;  127  fathoms;  s.  gr.;  temp.  53°  F.  One  specimen. 

About  this  species  there  has  arisen  a  very  unfortunate  confusion  and  I  am  glad  to 
avail  myself  of  the  present  opportunity  to  clear  it  up.  This  confusion  is  accounted 
for  by  some  delays,  due  to  no  fault  of  mine,  in  the  printing  or  publishing  of  pre- 
liminary notes  or  of  final  papers  in  which  I  gave  the  description  of  this  Ophiuran. 
I  had  introduced  the  genus  Ophioleda  and  described  0.  minima  in  volume  19  of  the 
M6moires  de  la  societ6  zoologique  de  France;  my  manuscript,  transmitted  in  1907, 
was  not  published  until  1908  in  a  volume  dated  1906;  meanwhile,  the  report  of  the 
Expeditions  Scientifiques  du  Travailleur  et  du  Talisman  containing  my  final  paper  on 
the  Ophiurans  gathered  by  these  two  vessels,  had  been  published  (1907).  On  the 
other  hand,  in  the  same  year,  1907, 1  had  described  the  same  species  under  the  name 
of  Ophioplinthaca  occlusa,  in  the  preliminary  note  No.  99  in  the  Bulletin  du  MusSe 
Oc^anographique  de  Monaco,  without  having  been  able  to  record  on  the  proofs 
the  synonymy  of  that  species;  the  same  text  was  printed,  about  the  same  time,  in 


112  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  R<3sultats  des  campagnes  scientifiqucs  du  Prince  de  Monaco,  but  the  rather 
important  pamphlet  in  which  my  paper  is  included  did  not  come  out  until  1909; 

1  was  also  unable  to  insert  in  it  the  synonymy  which  I  am  establishing  -here. 

Having  now  explained  this  situation  I  beg  to  recall  that  0.  minima  was 
found  by  the  expeditions  of  the  TravaiUeur  and  of  the  Talisman,  about  latitude 
41°-44°  N.,  and  longitude  9°-ll°  W.,  between  1,220  and  1,350  m.,  and  by  the 
Princesse  Alice  in  latitude  32°  N.,  and  longitude  16°  W.,  at  1,425  m. 

This  species  is  always  very  small,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  scarcely  exceeding 

2  to  2.5  mm.;  the  specimen  from  station  7283  is  somewhat  stronger  than  the  others. 

OPHIOTREMA  GRACILIS,  new  species. 

Plate  12,  figs.  1-2. 

Albatross  station  2751.  Nov.  28,  1887.  Lat.  16°  54'  N.;  long.  63°  12'  W.; 
687  fathoms;  bu.  glob,  oz.;  temp.  40°  F.  One  specimen. 

Type.— Cat.  No.  32301,  U.S.N.M. 

The  sample  is  not  perfect  for  the  under  face  of  the  disk  is  partly  torn  away; 
the  other  parts  are  fairly  well  preserved.  Almost  all  the  arms  are  complete;  they 
are  slender  and  about  45  to  50  mm.  long.  The  disk  is  somewhat  disfigured  and 
stretched  along  two  radii,  therefore  one  of  the  diameters  equals  11  mm.  while 
the  other  is  only  8  mm.;  its  outline  is  pentagonal  but  the  sides  are  unequal  owing 
to  the  deformity  sustained;  moreover,  some  of  the  sides  are  straight  or  slightly 
excavated,  and  the  others  are  a  little  convex. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  depressed  and  covered  with  small  fine  plates 
which  are  equal,  hardly  imbricated  and  almost  rounded  with  very  sharp  outlines. 
Each  of  these  plates  carries  at  its  middle  a  small  slender  spine,  which  is  conical, 
rather  short,  with  an  elongated  and  sharp  point.  The  radial  shields,  although 
rather  small,  are  quite  distinct  from  the  neighboring  plates;  they  are  elongated, 
triangular,  twice  longer  than  wide  with  a  rounded  distal  margin  and  a  very  acute 
proximal  angle;  their  surfaces  are  absolutely  bare.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair 
are  arranged  more  or  less  divergently  but  they  are  always  separated  from  each 
other  by  several  series  of  plates. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  all  over  by  plates  identical  with  those  of 
the  upper  face,  but  the  spines  borne  by  the  former  do  not  appear  except  in  the 
distal  half  of  the  disk  and  do  not  reach  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are 
narrow  but  plainly  visible. 

The  mouth  shields  are  middle-sized,  triangular,  much  wider  than  long,  with  a 
widely  opened  proximal  angle,  and  almost  straight  lateral  sides  joining  by  rounded 
angles  the  distal  side  which  displays  in  its  middle  a  rounded  lobe  rather  strongly 
protruding  in  the  interradial  space.  The  adoral  plates  are  extremely  elongated  and 
much  thinner  on  all  the  part  which  is  close  to  the  mouth  shield,  but  on  the  contrary 
broadly  widened  outwardly  where  they  constantly  form  an  important  lobe  which 
widely  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate;  they  arc 
inwardly  contiguous  on  the  interradial  median  line,  where  their  ends  become  rounded 
and  sometimes  also  slightly  widened.  The  oral  plates  are  high  and  narrow.  On 


OPHIUKANS  OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  113 

their  free  edges  they  each  carry  five  conical  and  pointed  papillae ;  the  most  external 
ones  are  thin,  then  their  width  slightly  increases  up  to  the  last  one  which  becomes 
rather  wide  and  contiguous  with  the  median  tooth  papilla;  these  five  papillae  form 
an  uninterrupted  row.  There  are  no  other  tooth  papillae  besides  the  odd  median 
one.  Off  the  next  papilla,  and  isolated  from  it  by  a  varying  interval,  there  is 
another  papilla  which  is  inserted  near  the  juncture  of  the  oral  and  adoral  plates, 
and  which  consequently  corresponds  to  the  proximal  side  of  the  tentacular  mouth 
pore;  a  little  further  appears  a  second  similar  papilla  which  is  also  inserted  on  the 
adoral  plate,  but  which  corresponds  to  the  middle  of  the  tentacular  mouth  pore. 
These  two  papilla?  are  more  elongated  than  the  others  and  they  are  almost  spiniform, 
especially  the  latter. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  rather  small,  triangular,  with  a  convex  distal 
edge  and  a  fairly  open  proximal  angle  which  is  often  slightly  rounded;  they  are 
almost  as  long  as  wide.  These  plates  are  separated  from  the  bases  of  the 
arms  by  an  interval  which  progressively  increases  and  which,  beyond  the  first  half 
of  the  arms,  exceeds  the  length  of  the  said  plates. 

The  first  brachial  middle-sized  under  plate  is  trapezoidal,  with  a  wider  proximal 
side,  a  fairly  narrow  distal  side  and  divergent  lateral  sides;  it  is  already  separated 
from  the  second  one  by  a  narrow  interval.  The  succeeding  plates  are  pentagonal 
with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle,  which,  beyond  the  disk,  is  so  widely  open  that 
it  almost  reaches  180°;  the  lateral  sides  are  divergent  and  widely  excavated  by  the 
tentacular  pores:  they  join  by  acute  angles  the  distal  side  which  is  very  wide  and 
strongly  convex  and  has  in  its  middle  a  very  conspicuous  notch.  These  plates 
are  much  longer  than  wide  and  they  remain  separated  on  the  whole  length  of  the 
arms  by  an  interval  which  by  degrees  grows  longer,  without,  however,  becoming  as 
important  as  on  the  upper  face. 

The  little  protruding  side  plates  bear  four  fine,  cylindrical,  elongated,  and 
pointed  spines  which  are  more  or  less  divergent  and  set  apart  from  the  arm;  the 
length  of  these  spines  increases  from  the  first  ventral  which  is  a  little  longer  than 
half  the  article  to  the  last  dorsal  which  is  almost  equal  to  one  and  a  half  articles. 

The  tentacular  scales  of  the  brachial  pores  show  the  characteristic  arrangement 
of  the  genus  Ophiotrema,  that  is  to  say,  they  appear  in  the  shape  of  very  small, 
fine,  and  pointed  spines  arranged  on  the  proximal  edge  and  on  the  internal  or 
radial  edge  of  each  pore;  these  spines,  amounting  to  five  or  six  on  each  pore,  are 
seldom  preserved  integrally;  they  have  not  always  the  same  length,  and  those  of  the 
proximal  side  of  the  pore  are  sometimes  a  little  longer  than  the  others. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  gracilis  evidently  belongs  to  the  genus 
Ophiotrema  as  I  have  established  it.  It  differs  from  the  single  known  species, 
0.  alberti,  in  having  slender  arms  and  only  four  brachial  spines  which  are  thin  and 
elongated,  much  longer  and  finer  than  in  0.  alberti  where  they  amount  to  five  and 
always  remain  applied  against  the  lateral  faces  of  the  arms.  The  upper  brachial 
plates  are  narrower,  smaller,  and  more  widely  separated;  the  under  brachial 
plates  are  longer  in  0.  gracilis.  The  tentacular  mouth  pore  is  provided  with  only 
two  papillae  which  are  elongated,  cylindrical,  and  pointed,  rather  spiniform,  instead 
of  three  short  and  oval  papillae  such  as  exist  in  0.  alberti.  The  small  spines  of 


114  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  brachial  tentacular  pores  also  seem  to  me  longer  and  more  slender  than  in  the 
latter  species. 

The  single  existing  sample  of  0.  gracilis  being  smaller  than  most  of  the  0.  alberti 
which  I  have  studied,  might  induce  one  to  think  that  some  of  the  differences  I 
mention  are  due  to  the  youth  of  the  subject.  I  therefore  took  pains  to  compare 
with  the  example  from  the  Albatross  the  two  specimens  which  were  gathered  in  1895 
by  the  Princesse  Alice,  one  of  which  is  only  6  mm.  across  the  disk.  Now,  this 
young  specimen  already  possesses  on  the  tentacular  mouth  pore  the  three  charac- 
teristic papillae  of  0.  alberti  with  their  usual  shape;  the  brachial  spines,  amounting  to 
five,  are  short,  fairly  thick  and  always  remain  applied  against  the  lateral  faces  of  the 
arms.  The  differences  are  absolutely  striking  between  this  specimen  and  my 
0.  gracilis.  One  will  also  notice  that  the  latter  species  was  dredged  from  a  lesser 
depth  than  0.  alberti. 

The  drawings  which  I  have  published  of  0.  alberti  being,  of  course,  somewhat 
schematic,  I  thought  I  had  better  reproduce  here  some  photographs  of  a  specimen 
from  the  cruises  of  the  TravaiUeur  and  the  Talisman  so  as  to  illustrate  more  fully 
the  differences  between  the  two  species  (pi.  12,  figs.  3,  4). 

The  form  of  the  two  papilla?  carried  by  the  tentacular  mouth  pore  in  0.  gracilis, 
reminds  one  of  the  single  papilla  existing  at  this  place  in  the  genus  Ophiomedea, 
which  I  introduced  in  1907;  but  in  the  latter  genus  this  single  papilla  is  much 
stronger  than  in  0.  gracilis,  and  the  other  mouth  papillae  are  but  three  on  each  side; 
the  shape  and  arrangement  of  the  tentacular  brachial  scales  are,  besides,  quite 
different  in  the  two  genera,  and,  although  0.  gracilis  recalls  by  some  characters  the 
genus  Ophiomedea,  there  can  be  no  question  about  the  latter  belonging  to  the  genus 
Ophiotrema. 

OPmOCAMAX  AUSTERA  Verrill. 

Ophiocamax  austera  VERRILL  (99),  p.  60,  pi.  6,  figs.  1,  la. 
Ophiocamax  austera  VERRILL  (99a),  p.  355. 

Albatross  station  2655.  May  2,  1886.  Lat.  27°  22'  N.;  long.  78°  07'  30"  W.; 
338  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  47.5°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2656.  May  3,  1886.  Lat.  28°  08'  N.;  long.  78°  28'  W.; 
540  fathoms;  for.;  temp.  41.2°  F.  One  specimen  in  very  bad  condition. 

Albatross.     Havana;  no  depth  mentioned.    Three  specimens. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  8  and  14  mm.;  the  specimens  are 
rather  well  preserved  though  their  arms  are  almost  all  broken,  and  they  are  quite 
in  accordance  with  Verrill's  description. 

OPHIOCAMAX  FASCICULATA  Lyman. 

Ophiocamax fasdculata  LYMAN  (83),  p.  265,  pi.  7,  figs.  92-94. 
Ophiocamax  fasciculate,  KCEHLER  (97),  p.  360. 
Ophiacamax fasdculata  KCEHLER  (99),  p.  67. 
Ophiocamax  fasdculata  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  316. 

Albatross  station  2125.  Feb.  8,  1884.  Lat.  11°  43'  N.;  long.  69°  09'  30"  W.; 
208  fathoms;  yl.  m.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  50.7°  F.  Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2129.  Feb.  27,  1884.  Lat.  19°  56'  04"  N.,  long.  75°  48' 
55"  W.;  274  fathoms;  bu.  m.  fne.  s.  Several  specimens. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  115 

Fish  Hawk  station  7285.  Feb.  19, 1902.  Lat.24°  15' 00";  long.  81°  47' 30"  W.; 
306  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  47.5°  F.  Several  specimens  (diameter  of  the  disk,  5-12  mm.). 

Fish  Hawk  station  7286.  Feb.  19, 1902.  Lat.24°  18' 00";  long.  81°  47' 45"  W.; 
133  fathoms;  s.;  temp.  53.5°  F.  Five  specimens  (diameter  of  the  disk,  8-12  mm.). 

OPHIOLOGLMUS  SECUNDUS,  new  species. 
Plate  16,  figs.  4-5. 

Albatross  station  2666.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
294  fathoms;  gy.  s.;  temp.  48.3°  F.  Four  specimens. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32302,  U.S.N.M. 

All  the  examples  are  small;  in  the  largest  one  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm., 
and  the  arms  are  16  mm.  long.;  in  the  others  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between 
3  and  4  mm.  The  arms  number  six  in  the  four  specimens. 

The  disk  is  circular  or  hexagonal  with  rounded  angles.  The  upper  face  is 
covered  with  extremely  thin  and  transparent  plates,  which  are  small,  rounded, 
imbricated,  and  of  a  uniform  size,  both  at  the  center  and  at  the  margin,  without  the 
slightest  indication  of  primary  plates. 

There  are  radial  shields  which  are  not  very  conspicuous,  although  notably 
larger  than  the  adjacent  plates;  they  are  triangular,  elongated,  one  and  a  half  times 
or  even  twice  longer  than  wide,  and  broadly  separated  by  four  or  five  rows  of  plates. 
The  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  extend  a  little  over  on  the  arms,  but  not  so 
far  as  in  Ophiologimus  hexactis  H.  L.  Clark. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  displays  a  covering  of  plates  which  are  identical 
with  those  of  the  upper  face  and  altogether  uniform;  these  plates  extend  as  far  as 
the  mouth  shield.  The  genital  plates  are  thin,  elongated,  and  not  very  apparent. 
The  genital  slits  are  large  and  broadly  open. 

The  middle-sized  mouth  shields  have  a  triangular  chief  portion  and  a  widened 
distal  lobe,  which  protrudes  more  or  less  into  the  interradial  space;  the  proximal 
angle  is  obtuse,  rounded,  and  limited  by  two  sides  also  rounded;  these  shields  are 
almost  as  long  as  wide.  The  adoral  plates  are  narrow  and  elongated;  they  are  a 
little  widened  in  their  internal  part,  where  they  lean  against  each  other  along 
the  interradial  median  line,  and  they  are  still  more  widened  outwardly,  so  as  to 
separate  broadly  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  triangular  and  very  high.  The  oral  papilla3,  which  amount  to  seven  or 
eight  on  each  side,  are  very  small,  narrow,  and  conical:  however,  the  two  external 
papillae,  which  correspond  to  the  oral  tentacular  pore,  are  somewhat  larger:  the  odd 
tooth  papilla  is  a  little  more  elongated  than  the  others.  Another  somewhat  elon- 
gated and  conical  papilla  starts  from  the  angle  of  the  adoral  plate  and  the  first 
under  brachial  plate,  and  is  directed  toward  the  mouth. 

The  arms  are  fairly  narrow.  The  upper  brachial  plates,  which  are  middle- 
sized,  are  triangular,  with  a  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  side;  they  are 
almost  as  long  as  wide  and  separated  from  one  another  from  the  bases  of  the  arms. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  rather  large,  lozenge-shaped,  and  a  little  wider 
than  long,  with  a  fairly  open  proximal  angle,  which  is  limited  by  two  straight  sides, 
and  a  rounded  distal  angle,  also  limited  by  two  straight  sides.  The  succeed- 
ing plates  become  much  longer  than  wide,  with  a  proximal  angle,  which  is  first 


116  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

truncated,  but  becomes  sharper  and  sharper,  slightly  diverging  lateral  sides,  which 
are  excavated  by  the  large  tentacular  pores,  and  a  wide  and  convex  distal  side. 
They  remain  contiguous  on  almost  the  whole  length  of  the  arms,  owing  to  their 
proximal  angle  becoming  elongated,  but  they  finally  get  separated. 

The  lateral  plates  bear  three  fairly  wide  spines  which  are  flattened,  with  an 
obtuse  point  and  a  rough  surface;  these  spines  are  equal,  and  their  length  is  equal 
to  that  of  the  article;  the  ventral  spine  is  flattened  and  a  little  wider  than  the 
others. 

The  fairly  large  and  oval  tentacular  pores  are  each  provided  with  a  little 
lanceolate  scale. 

Connections  and  differences. — This  species  really  belongs  to  the  genus  Ophiologi- 
mus,  which  was  introduced  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  1911  for  an  ophiuran,  0.  Jiexactis,  which 
also  has  six  arms;  the  single  specimen  had  been  gathered  at  Suno  Saki  (Honshu 
Island,  Japan),  between  83  and  158  fathoms.  The  Atlantic  species  is  evidently 
very  closely  allied  to  0.  hexactis,  but  it  is  plainly  separated  from  it  by  the  presence 
of  very  distinct  radial  shields,  by  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  being  covered  with 
scales  all  over,  even  in  the  younger  examples,  by  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk,  which 
extend  but  very  little  over  the  bases  of  the  arms,  by  the  upper  brachial  plates,  which 
are  triangular  and  as  long  as  wide,  and  finally  by  the  presence  of  a  single  tentacular 
scale. 

H.  L.  Clark  introduced  in  the  diagnosis  of  the  genus  Ophiologimus  the  absence 
of  radial  shields;  therefore,  this  character  ought  to  be  corrected,  since  these 
shields  exist  in  the  new  species. 

The  discovery  in  the  Atlantic  of  a  second  species  of  the  genus  Ophiologimus  is 
very  interesting. 

OPHIOCHITON  GRANDIS  Verrill. 
Ophiochilon  grandis  VERIULL  (84),  p.  384. 

Albatross  station  2394.  Mar.  13,  1885.  Lat.  28°  38'  30"  N. ;  long.  87°  02'  W. ; 
420  fathoms;  gn.  m.;  temp.  41.8°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2395.  Mar.  13,  1885.  Lat.  28°  36'  15"  N. ;  long.  86°  50'  W.; 
347  fathoms;  gy.  m.;  temp.  44.1°  F.  One  specimen. 

Family  OPHIOCOMID^. 

OPHIOCOMA  ALEXANDRI  Lymim. 

Ophiocoma  alexandri  LYMAN  (65),  p.  74. 
Ophiocoma  alexandri  LJUNQMAN  (66),  p.  329. 
Ophiocoma  alexandri  VERRILL  (67),  p.  259. 
Ophiocoma  alexandri  IVES  (89),  p.  177. 
Ophiocoma  alexandri  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  325. 

Albatross  station  2824.  Apr.  30,  1888.  Lat.  24°  11'  30"  N.;  long.  109°  55'  W.; 
10  fathoms;  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Diameter  of  the  disk,  8  mm.;  length  of  arms,  55-58  mm. 

The  sample  is  of  a  light  brown  and  rather  uniform  color;  despite  its  small  size 
it  is  plainly  characterized.  The  tentacular  scales  are  two  in  number  on  the  pores 
of  the  three  and  sometimes  four  first  articles. 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  117 

OPfflOCOMA  ECHINATA  (Lamarck). 

(=0phiocoma  crassispina  SAY.) 
See  for  bibliography: 

Lyman  (82),  p.  171. 
Ives  (89),  p.  177. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  177. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  245. 
H.  L.  Clark  (Ola),  p.  340. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  327. 
Koehler  (07),  p.  325. 
Kcehler(13),p.  374. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Sixteen  specimens. 

Indian  Key,  Florida.     Ten  specimens. 

Key  Vaccas,  Florida.     Eight  specimens. 

Dry  Tortugas,  Florida.     Three  specimens. 

Northwest  end  of  St.  Martin's  Reef,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Tortugas  Reef,  Florida.     One  dry  specimen. 

Sand  Key,  Florida.     Four  specimens. 

Cape  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Abaco,  Bahamas.     Eight  specimens. 

St.  Thomas.     One  specimen. 

Swan  Islands,  Caribbean  Sea.     Sixteen  specimens. 

Hungry  Bay,  Bermudas.     One  specimen. 

Ascension  Island  (doubtful  locality).     One  specimen. 

OPHIOCOMA  PUMILA  LUtken. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Lyman  (82),  p.  171. 
Greeff  (82),  p.  156. 
Lyman  (83),  p.  255. 
Ivee  (89),  p.  177. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  23. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  245. 
H.  L.  Clark  (Ola),  p.  340. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  326. 
Koehler  (13),  p.  375. 

Key  West,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Sand  Key  Reef,  off  Key  West.     Three  specimens. 

Dry  Tortugas,  Florida.     Three  specimens. 

Clarence  Harbor,  Bahamas.     July  15,  1903.     One  specimen. 

Abrolhos  Islands,  Brazil.     Two  specimens. 

0.  pumila  is  known  along  the  North  American  coast  from  Florida  down  to 
Colon,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in  Brazil.  Greeff  found  it  abundantly  in  San-Thome1 
Island  (Guinea).  It  is  almost  always  found  near  the  coast,  though  Verrill  records 
it  off  Havana  at  a  depth  of  200  fathoms.  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina  and  Ophiura 
Jiexactis  noticed  by  Duchassaing  in  the  West  Indies  are  0.  pumila. 


118  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOCOMA  RIISEI  LUtken. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Lyman  (82),  p.  171. 
Ives  (99),  p.  177. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  22. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  245. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  328. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  326. 
Kcehler  (13),  p.  375. 

Sand  Key,  Florida.     Two  specimens. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Several  specimens. 

Tortugas  Reef,  Florida.     One  dry  specimen. 

New  Providence,  Bahamas.    Six  specimens. 

Abaco,  Bahamas.     Two  specimens. 

Powell's  Point,  Eleuthera,  Bahamas.     One  specimen 

Family  OPHIOTHRICID^E. 

OPHIOTHRIX  ANGOT.ATA  (Say). 

(=0phiothrix  violacea  LUTKEN.) 
See  for  bibliography : 

Lyman  (82),  p.  219. 
Ludwig  (82),  p.  18. 
Ives  (89),  p.  178. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  18. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  244. 
Verrill  (07),  p.  327. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  330. 
Kcehler  (13),  p.  375. 

Fish  Hawk  stations  1646-1651.  June  4,  1891.  Tangier  Sound,  Chesapeake 
Bay;  2J  to  13  fathoms;  temp.  67.5°  to  71°  F.  Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2320.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18' 
48"  W.;  130  fathoms;  fne.  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2324.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  25"  N.;  long.  82°  20' 
24"  W.;  33  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  79.1°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2327.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17' 
54"  W.;  182  fathoms;  fne.  br.  s.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2357.  Jan.  29,  1885.  Lat.  20°  19'  N.;  long.  87°  03'  10"  W.: 
178  fathoms;  wh.  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  stations  2369-2374.  Feb.  7,  1885.  Lat.  29°  15'-29°  11'  30"  N.; 
long.  85°  32'-85°  29'  15"  W.;  64-66  fathoms;  fne.  gy.  s.  and  r.,  fne.  gy.  s.,  g.; 
temp.  35°  F.  Eight  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2758.  Dec.  16,  1887.  Lat.  6°  59'  30"  S.;  long.  34°  47'  W.; 
20  fathoms;  brk.  sh.;  temp.  79°  F.  Three  specimens. 

Grampus  station  5055.  Feb.  16,  1889.  Lat.  25°  02'  49"  N.;  long.  83°  14'  W.; 
32  fathoms;  brk.  sh.  fne.,  co.  crs.  and  fne.  One  specimen. 

Grampus  station  5073.  Feb.  28,  1889.  Lat.  25°  23'  N.;  long.  83°  24'  W.; 
west  coast  of  Florida;  38  fathoms;  co.  brk.  sh.  and  live  bottom.  Two  specimens. 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  119 

Grampus  station  5080.  West  coast  of  Florida;  32  fathoms;  light  s.  brk.  sh. 
One  specimen. 

Grampus  station  5087.  Mar.  11,  1889.  Lat.  25°  44'  32"  N.;  long.  83°  10' 
15"  W.;  31  fathoms;  fne.  s.  sponge.  One  specimen. 

Grampus  station  5100.  Mar.  18,  1889.  Lat.  26°  04'  N.;  long.  83°  00'  W.; 
26  fathoms;  hrd.  blk.  gr.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  1649.  June  4,  1890.  Tangier  Sound,  Md.;  7  fathoms; 
sft.;  temp.  71°  F.  Eighteen  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7106.  Mar.  28,  1901.  Anclote,  12£  fathoms;  r.  co.  s. 
Four  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7145.  Nov.  5,  1901.  Lat.  29°  30'  50"  N.;  long.  83°  41' 
40"  W.;  Pepperfish  Key,  3J  fathoms;  sdy.;  temp.  22°  C.  'Three  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7150.  Nov.  7,  1901.  Deadman's  Bay.  Lat.  29°  35' 20" 
N.;  long.  83°  56'  W.;  9J  fathoms;  c.;  temp.  19.5°  C.  Six  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7151.  Nov.  7,  1901.  Deadman's  Bay.  Lat.  29°  43'  40" 
N.;  long.  83°  49'  45"  W.;  5J  fathoms;  c.;  temp.  20.5°  C.  Nine  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7153.  Nov.  7,  1901.  Deadman's  Bay.  Lat.  29°  43'  40" 
N.;  long.  83°  49'  45"  W.;  5J  fathoms;  s.  c.;  temp.  23°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7161.  Nov.  21,  1901.  Pepperfish  Key.  Lat.  29°  18'  N.; 
long.  83°  37'  W.;  8  fathoms;  rky.;  temp.  18°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7201.  Dec.  6,  1901.  Deadman's  Bay.  Lat.  29°  32'  30" 
N.;  long.  83°  50'  W.;  9  fathoms;  r.  c.;  temp.  16.5°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7215.  Jan.  15,  1902.  St.  Martins.  Lat.  28°  26'  N.;  long. 
83°  02'  30"  W.;  1\  fathoms;  rky.  c.;  temp.  13°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7231.  Jan.  23,  1902.  Anclote.  Lat.  28°  08' 30"N.;  long. 
83°  10'  W.;  10  fathoms:  rky.  c.;  temp.  13.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7253.  Jan.  28,  1902.  Highland.  Lat.  27°  55'  30"  N.; 
long.  83°  W.;  7  fathoms;  c.  r.;  temp.  15.2°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7271.  Feb.  13,  1902.  West  Channel  Entrance  to  Key 
West;  7f  fathoms;  cor.  sand;  temp.  20°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7290.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Lat.  24°  46'  12"  N.;  long.  81°  53' 
30"  W. ;  10^  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  19°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7293.  Feb.  24,  1902.  Lat.  24°  46'  40"  N.;  long.  81° 
55'  40"  W. ;  10i  fathoms;  co.;  temp.  20°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7354.  Dec.  17,  1902.  Florida  Bay;  1U  feet;  h.  gy.  s.  sh.; 
temp.  23.5°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7390.  Dec.  22,  1902.  Off  Cape  Sable,  Florida.  Lat.  25° 
01'  N.;  long.  81°  25'  30"  W.;  4$  fathoms;  rky.  Three  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7511.     Mar.  25,  1903.     rky.     One  specimen. 

Callibogue,  South  Carolina.     Eight  specimens. 

Mouth  of  Bulls  Creek,  South  Carolina.     Numerous  specimens. 

Charleston  Harbor,  South  Carolina.     Three  specimens. 

Cedar  Keys,  Florida.     Very  numerous  specimens. 

Boca  Ceiga  Bay,  Florida.     Five  specimens. 

Sarasota  Bay,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Pensacola,  Florida.    Eight  specimens. 

Tampa  Bay,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

N.  of  St.  Martins  Reef,  Florida.     Seven  specimens. 

6061°— Bull.  84—14 9 


120  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Florida.     Four  specimens. 

Jamaica.     One  specimen. 

Bahamas.     One  specimen. 

St.  Thomas.     One  specimen. 

Port  Castries,  St.  Lucia.     One  specimen. 

Trinidad,  shore.     One  specimen. 

Abrolhos  Islands.     Nine  specimens. 

Among  the  above-mentioned  stations,  some  will  be  noticed  where  the  depth 
is  fairly  great;  such  is  the  case  with  the  stations  2369-2374  (66  fathoms),  2320  (130 
fathoms),  2357  (178  fathoms),  and  2327  (182  fathoms).  But  it  is  already  known 
from  elsewhere  that  0.  angulata  may  go  down  fairly  deep,  and  Verrill  has  reported 
it  at  200  fathoms  off  Havana.  The  specimens  coming  from  deeper  waters  than 
100  fathoms  are  lightly  colored,  grayish,  greenish,  or  somewhat  pink. 

The  specimens  from  stations  2369-2374  are  very  small,  and  the  diameter  of  their 
disks  ranges  between  2.2  and  2  mm.  They  are  greenish-gray,  and  then1  brachial 
spines  are  fairly  large;  they  offer  a  superficial  likeness  to  0.  pallida,  of  which  I  have 
recently  given  a  new  description  from  the  only  example  known  up  to  the  present 
day  (13,  p.  377).  But,  after  having  compared  them  very  carefully  with  the  type 
of  that  species,  I  have  satisfied  myself  that  they  actually  are  0.  angulata;  for  the 
radial  shields  are  smaller  than  in  0.  pallida;  the  tipper  and  under  brachial  plates, 
although  fairly  elongated  as  they  always  are  in  very  young  0.  angulata,  are, 
however,  less  so  than  in  0.  pallida;  the  first  under  brachial  plates,  especially,  are 
first  a  little  wider  than  long,  then  they  progressively  grow  longer,  but  they  do  not 
become  longer  than  wide  until  within  a  certain  distance  from  the  disk;  lastly, 
the  first  ventral  spine  changes  into  a  hook  only  at  a  fairly  great  distance  from  the 
basis  of  the  arms. 

The  young  0.  angulata  always  have  their  under  and  upper  brachial  plates 
longer  than  those  of  the  adults,  and  dorsal  spines  which  become  very  much  elongated 
in  the  terminal  part  of  the  arms. 

OPHIOTHR1X  LINEATA  Lyman. 

Ophiothrix  lineala  LYMAN  (61),  p.  201. 
Ophiothrix  lineata  LYMAN  (65),  p.  171. 
Ophiothrix  lineata  LJUNGMAN  (66),  p.  171. 
Ophiothrix  lineata  LJUNGMAN  (71),  p.  654. 
Ophiothrix  lineata  LYMAN  (78),  p.  233. 
Ophiothrix  lineala  IVES  (89),  p.  178. 
Ophiothrix  lineata  KCEHLER  (07),  p.  334. 
Ophiothrix  lineata  KXEHLER  (13),  p.  376. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7124.  Apr.  2,  1901.  Lat.  25°  50'  15"  N.;  long.  82°  41' 
45"  W.;  21  fathoms;  sandy;  temp.  20°  C.  Eight  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7177.  Nov.  27,  1901.  North  Key.  Lat.  29°  05'  N.; 
long.  83°  22'  30"  W.;  5£  fathoms;  sdy.  rky.  c.;  temp.  15.5°  C.  One  little  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7373.  Dec.  19,  1902.  Florida  Bay;  sp.  s.  sh.;  temp. 
23°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7429.  Jan.  7,  1903.  i  mile  SE.  by  S.  of  SE.  end  of  Duck 
Key;  14  feet;  rky.  Three  specimens. 

Biscayne  Bay,  Florida.     One  specimen. 


OPHIUBANS   OF  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  121 

OPHIOTHRIX  CERSTEDII  Lutken. 

See  for  bibliography. 

Lyman  (82),  p.  226. 
Ives  (89),  p.  178. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  244. 
Kcehler  (07),  p.  336. 
Koehler  (13),  p.  376. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7108.  Mar.  28,  1901.  Right  Channel  into  Tampa  Bay; 
12|  fathoms;  br.  sh.  and  s.;  temp.  19.1°  C.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7428.  Jan.  27, 1903.  1  mile  N.  N.  W.  i  W.  of  East  Washer- 
woman; 16  feet;  rky.  One  specimen. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7467.     Feb.  19,  1903.     Grecian  Shoals.     One  specimen. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Numerous  specimens. 

Indian  Key,  Florida.     Five  specimens. 

Bird  Key,  Florida.     Thirteen  specimens. 

Tortugas,  Bird  Key  Reefs,  Florida.     Nine  dry  specimens. 

Dry  Tortugas,  Florida.     Several  specimens 

Ragged  Key,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Florida.     Two  dry  specimens. 

Key  Largo,  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Nassau,  Bahamas.     Three  specimens. 

Golding  Key,  Bahamas.     One  specimen. 

Green  Cay,  Bahamas.     One  specimen. 

OPHIOTHRIX  SUENSONII  Liltken. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Lyman  (82),  p.  222. 
Ives  (89),  p.  178. 
Verrill  (99),  p.  21. 
H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  244. 
'  Verrill  (07),  p.  327. 
Koehler  (07),  p.  338. 
Kcehler  (13),  p.  376. 

Albatross  station  2409.  Mar.  18,  1885.  Lat.  27°  04'  N.;  long.  83°  21'  15"  W.; 
26  fathoms;  crs.  gy.  s.  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2649.  Apr.  12,  1886.  Lat.  23°  34'  N.;  long.  76°  33'  W.; 
36  fathoms;  co.  s.;  temp.  74.2°  F.  Seven  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7182.  Nov.  28,  1901.  DeadmansBay.  Lat.  29°  32' 30"  N.; 
long.  83°  50'  W.;  9  fathoms;  rky.  c.;  temp.  15.3°  C.  Three  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7211.  Dec.  9,  1901.  North  Key.  Lat.  28°  47'  55"  N.; 
long.  83°  16'  30"  W.;  8  fathoms;  rky.  grsy.;  temp.  17°  C.  Five  specimens. 

FisTi  HawTc  station  7215.  Jan.  15,  1902.  St.  Martins.  Lat.  28°  26'  N.; 
long.  83°  02'  30"  W.;  7£  fathoms;  rky.  c.;  temp.  13°  C.  Eleven  specimens. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7216.  Jan.  15,  1902.  Lat.  28°  26'  30"  N.;  long.  83°  08' 
W.;  10  fathoms;  sdy.  grsy.;  temp.  13.6°  C.  Two  specimens. 

Lat.  28°  42'  N.;  long.  83°  30'  W.     Two  specimens. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Manship  Channel.     One  specimen. 


122  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

West  Coast  of  Florida.     One  specimen. 

Bahamas.     Twenty-two  specimens. 

Belize,  British  Honduras.     One  dry  specimen. 

Bermudas.     Two  specimens. 

Green  Cay,  Bermudas.     One  specimen. 

OPHIOTHRIX  CONVOLUTA,  new  species. 
Plate  16,  figs.  1  and  6. 

A  specimen  found  on  a  branch  of  Acanthogorgia  fusca,  without  any  indication 
of  locality. 

Type— Cat.  No.  32303,  U.S.N.M". 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  6  mm.;  the  arms  are  strongly  convoluted 
and  their  length  must  have  exceeded  45  mm. 

The  disk  is  subpentagonal.  The  upper  face  offers,  between  the  radial  shields, 
a  covering  of  rounded  and  very  unequal  plates,  some  of  which  are  small  and  com- 
paratively few,  the  others  rather  large.  The  former  are  unarmed  or  each  of  them 
carries  only  a  little  short  and  thick  stump,  the  others,  on  the  contrary,  are  provided 
with  a  very  strong  spine  which  is  thick,  elongated,  and  bears,  on  its  edges,  strong, 
sharp,  and  approximated  denticulations.  These  spines  vary  in  length,  but  most  of 
them  roach,  or  even  exceed,  one  millimeter.  They  are  numerous  and  dense  in  the 
central  region  of  the  disk  and  in  the  interradiil  spaces.  These  spaces  are  very 
broad,  while  the  radial  spaces,  narrow  between  the  two  shields  of  each  pair,  give 
the  appearance  of  as  many  very  narrow  triangles,  which  separate  the  shields  on 
one-half  or  two-thirds  of  their  length.  The  plates  which  cover  these  interradial 
spaces  are  small,  and  they  carry  only  short  stumps  or  even  remain  absolutely  bare. 
The  fairly  large  radial,  shields  are  triangular  and  their  length  exceeds  half  the  radius 
of  the  disk ;  they  are  twice  and  a  hah"  longer  than  wide  and  their  radial  side  is  about 
straight,  while  the  interradial  side  is  strongly  convex;  their  surface  is  absolutely 
deprived  of  spines  and  covered  with  minute  granules.  The  two  shields  of  each 
pair  are  little  diverging;  they  are  contiguous  outwardly  for  a  variable  length  and 
they  are  inwardly  separated  by  the  narrow  radial  areas  which  I  have  mentioned 
above. 

The  plates  of  the  upper  face  and  the  large  spines  on  them  cease  at  the  edge  of 
the  disk  and  the  under  face  is  almost  completely  bare;  there  are  only  in  the  inter- 
radial areas  a  few  scarce  and  isolated  plates  which  are  not  often  seen  except  at  the 
outline  of  the  disk  and  each  of  which  bears  a  small  stump.  The  genital  slits  and 
plates  are  broad  and  well  developed. 

The  middle-sized  mouth  shields  are  triangular,  with  a  slightly  sharp  proximal 
angle  which  is  limited  by  straight  sides,  and  a  very  convex  distal  side;  the  latter  is 
sometimes  broken  up  into  two  sides,  which  gives  to  the  shields  a  lozenge-like  appear- 
ance ;  in  one  of  them  the  proximal  angle  is  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  plate  by 
a  fissure.  These  shields  are  as  long  as  wide,  or  even  a  little  longer  than  wide;  the 
shield  which  carries  the  madreporic  pore  is  very  large,  oval,  and  much  longer  than 
wide.  The  adoral  plates  are  small,  triangular,  hardly  contiguous  on  the  median 
interradial  line  by  their  rounded  apex.  The  papillae  of  the  external  sets  are  elon- 
gated, fairly  large,  conical,  and  pointed;  the  others,  located  within  the  foregoing 
ones,  are  much  smaller. 


OPHIUEANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  123 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  very  large,  quadrangular,  with  a  narrow  proximal 
side,  a  very  wide  distal  side,  meeting  by  sharp  angles  the  lateral  sides  which  are 
divergent.  The  distal  side  is  rather  concave  on  the  first  plates,  then  it  becomes 
convex  and  it  finally  resolves  itself  into  two  small  sides  which  are  united  by  a  very 
obtuse  and  rounded  angle,  behind  which  the  surface  of  the  plate  offers  a  very  small 
obtuse  protuberance ;  these  plates  are  never  much  wider  than  long,  and  sometimes 
they  are  as  wide  as  long.  The  shape  of  the  plates  in  the  first  half  of  the  arms  does 
not  appear  very  plainly,  for  the  said  plates  are  almost  always  more  or  less  strongly 
divided  into  fragments  which,  in  certain  rtegions,  are  so  many  that  the  limits  be- 
tween the  successive  plates  are  no  longer  distinct ;  then  the  fragments  become  fewer 
when  the  plates  are  only  divided  into  two  or  three  parts,  and  finally  they  remain 
simple  up  to  the  end  of  the  arms.  This  dividing  up  exists,  besides,  in  very  variable 
degrees  according  to  which  arms  are  examined,  and  on  one  of  them  it  is  less  con- 
spicuous than  on  the  others.  The  specimen  being*  singie,  it  is  impossible  to  tell 
whether  this  dividing  constitutes  a  specific  character  or  is  accidental;  none  of  the 
arms  show  any  trace  of  regeneration. 

The  under  brachial  plates  are  absolutely  invisible,  and  they  are  covered  up  by 
the  teguments. 

The  brachial  spines  amount  to  six  only,  and  they  are  not  very  much  developed. 
The  first  one  is  very  short  and  thin;  the  second  one  is  notably  longer  and  stronger; 
and  then  the  length  progressively  increases  up  to  the  fifth  one,  which  is  hardly 
larger  than  the  corresponding  article;  the  last  dorsal  spine  is  a  little  shorter  than  the 
foregoing  one.  The  relative  length  of  these  spines  increases  a  little  in  the  second 
half  of  the  arms.  These  spines  are  bare,  flattened,  fairly  wide,  with  rounded  ends, 
and  thjey  are  provided  on  their  edges  with  pretty  strong  denticulations,  which  are 
conical,  somewhat  unequal,  lying  close  to  one  another  on  the  ventral  spine,  but 
more  loosely  arranged  on  the  last  two  dorsal  spines,  where,  besides,  they  are  less 
conspicuous.  The  first  ventral  spine  changes  into  a  hook  near  the  fifteenth  article. 

There  is  not  the  slightest  trace  of  a  tentacular  scale,  which  is  probably  hidden 
by  the  tegument. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  convoluta  recalls  certain  forms  of  0.  fragilis, 
but  I  thought  I  ought  to  separate  it  specifically,  owing  to  the  disk  armature,  to 
the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields,  as  well  as  to  the  peculiar  characters  displayed  by  the 
upper  brachial  plates,  and  also  owing  to  the  shape  of  the  arms,  which  are  wrapped 
around  on  themselves.  I  know  among  0.  fragilis  no  form  in  which  the  spines  of  the 
upper  face  are  so  much  developed  and  appear  so  thick  on  a  disk  having  such  a  com- 
paratively small  diameter,  while,  on  the  contrary,  the  armature  of  the  under  face 
of  the  disk  is  extremely  reduced  and  almost  nonexistent.  The  upper  brachial  plates, 
instead  of  showing  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  distal  angle,  which  is  often  upturned 
in  the  shape  of  a  protruding  beak,  are  rather  quadrangular  with  a  slightly  convex 
distal  side  and  they  are  not  much  wider  than  long.  The  shape  of  the  mouth 
shields  is  also  rather  peculiar,  since  they  are  almost  lozenge-shaped  and  as  wide  as 
long.  As  to  the  very  curious  dividing  up  displayed  by  the  upper  brachial  plates 
in  the  first  part  of  the  arms,  it  is  not  safe  to  dwell  on  it,  for  it  is  perhaps  an  individual 
feature,  but  this  seems  to  me  most  doubtful. 


124  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Family  OPHIOSCOLECID^. 

OPHIOSCOLEX  GLACIALIS  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Kcehler  (00),  p.  198. 

Grieg  (10),  p.  6. 

Mortensen  (10),  p.  274. 

Stissbach  and  Breckner  (11),  p.  259. 

Albatross  station  2092.  Sept.  20,  1883.  Lat.  39°  58'  35"  N.;  long.  71°  00' 
30"  W.;  197  fathoms;  gn.  m.;  temp.  45°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  has  been  torn  away,  but  the  rest  of  the  specimen  is 
in  a  very  good  condition  and  is  perfectly  well  characterized.  The  diameter  of  the 
disk  must  have  been  from  22  to  24  mm.  The  specimen  is  quite  in  conformity  with 
those  of  the  European  seas  with  which  I  have  been  able  to  compare  it.  Certain 
articles  of  the  bases  of  the  arms  exceptionally  carry  four  spines,  but  I  observe  the 
same  peculiarity  in  some  examples  from  the  Norwegian  coasts.  There  can  be  no 
possibility  of  confusing  this  specimen  with  0.  guadrispinus  Verrill,  which  was 
found  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  which  is  at  once  distinguishable  from  0.  gladalis  through 
the  presence  of  a  tentacular  scale. 

An  individual  in  a  very  bad  state,  from  stations  2582-83  and  associated  with 
numerous  Opkiocten  hastatum  and  Ophioglypha  sarsii,  undoubtedly  belongs  to  the 
same  species. 

OPHIOLEPTOPLAX  ATLANTICA,  new  species. 
Plate  15,  figa.  6-7. 

Albatross  station  2659.  May  3,  1886.  Lat.  28°  32'  N.;  long.  78°  42';  509 
fathoms;  br.  for.;  temp.  45.2°  F.  One  specimen. 

Ti/p«.— Cat.  No.  32304,  U.S.N.M. 

The  specimen  is,  unfortunately,  incomplete  and  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  has 
been  completely  torn  away;  judging  by  the  traces  left  on  the  upper  face  of  the  arms, 
the  diajneter  of  the  disk  must  have  been  12  mm.  or  thereabout.  The  diameter 
of  the  circle  formed  by  the  external  sides  of  the  mouth  shields  is  5.5  mm.  The 
arms  are  incomplete  and  the  longest  is  preserved  to  a  length  of  only  30  mm. ;  they  are 
flattened  and  about  2.5  mm.  wide. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  not  very  large,  are  triangular,  wider  than  long, 
with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  side.  The  adoral  plates,  large 
and  wide,  are  extremely  elongated  and  four  or  five  times  longer  than  wide,  but  their 
edges  are  not  absolutely  parallel;  they  are,  in  fact,  somewhat  widened  in  their 
internal  third  part,  become  narrower  at  the  level  of  the  oral  tentacular  pore,  which 
is  very  large,  and  then  grow  a  little  wider  again  outwardly,  where  they  broadly 
separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate.  The  oral  plates  are 
large,  fairly  wide,  and  elongated;  on  their  free  edges  each  of  them  carries  four  rather 
large,  conical,  and  pointed  papillae,  lying  fairly  apart  from  one  another;  the  most 
external  of  these  is  located  near  the  oral  tentacular  pore  and  is  longer  than  the  others. 
The  teeth  and  the  tooth  papillae  are  shaped  like  the  mouth  papillae;  they  are  not  all 
preserved,  but  they  seem  to  me  to  amount  to  five;  three  are  found  on  a  lower  level 
and  represent  especially  tooth  papillae,  the  other  two,  larger,  are  superposed  and 
they  correspond  to  two  teeth.  The  mouth  pieces  are  covered  with  fine  granulations, 
rounded  and  loosely  placed. 


OPHIUBANS  OF   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  125 

The  upper  face  of  the  arms  is  covered  with  a  set  of  large  lamellae,  each  of  which 
undoubtedly  represents  an  upper  brachial  plate.  These  lamellae  are  very  large, 
quadrangular,  wider  than  long,  and  widened  on  their  distal  side,  which  is  slightly 
rounded;  the  lateral  sides  are  slightly  divergent.  Their  surface  displays  extremely 
fine  lines  bounding  hexagonal  fields  which  are  very  dense  and  minute.  These 
lamellae  are  exceedingly  thin  and  completely  transparent,  so  that  they  allow  the 
underlying  parts  to  be  seen,  the  color  of  which  is  white  above  the  vertebra  and 
brownish  above  the  muscles. 

The  first  brachial  under  plate  is  large,  oval,  and  transversely  widened.  The 
following  ones  are  quadrangular,  longer  than  wide,  their  proximal  edge  being 
straight  and  narrower  than  the  distal  side  which  is  broad  and  convex;  this  side  most 
generally  shows  three  distinct  little  lobes.;  the  lateral  sides  are  divergent  and  rather 
strongly  excavated  by  the  corresponding  tentacular  pores,  which  are  very  large. 
From  the  sixth  plate  upward  the  proximal  side  is  replaced  by  an  acute  and  elon- 
gated angle;  the  plates  are  then  no  longer  contiguous,  and,  at  the  same  time,  they 
become  much  narrower  in  their  middle  region,  owing  to  the  extension  of  the  ten- 
tacular pores,  their  distal  side  remaining  still  very  wide  and  trilobed. 

The  tentacular  pores  are  very  large,  rounded,  and  deprived  of  scales,  excepting 
the  oral  pores  which  are  each  provided,  on  their  interradial  edge,  with  three  conical 
and  elongated  papillae  which  are  inserted  near  the  end  of  the  adoral  plate;  the 
external  papilla  is  even  remarkable  by  its  elongation  and  it  constitutes  an  actual 
spine. 

The  lateral  plates,  slightly  protruding,  carry  each  three  subequal  spines,  the 
length  of  which  equals  that  of  the  article;  these  spines  have  rounded  ends  and  their 
surface  microscopically  appears  covered  with  very  fine,  conical,  and  dense  rugosities. 

Connections  and  differences. — The  Ophiuran  which  I  have  just  described  seems 
to  me  to  fit  perfectly  in  the  genus  Ophioleptoplax  recently  introduced  by  H.  L. 
Clark  (11,  p.  278).  The  type  of  this  genus  is  0.  megapora,  which  was  discovered  by 
the  Albatross  in  the  Japanese  seas  at  lat.  32°  26'  N.  and  long.  129°  27'  30"  E.,  at 
a  depth  of  71  fathoms.  The  new  species  differs  from  it  in  having  larger  mouth 
shields,  much  more  elongated  adoral  plates,  more  developed  mouth  and  tooth 
papillae,  in  having  papillae  on  the  tentacular  oral  pores,  and,  lastly,  in  having  much 
more  elongated  under  brachial  plates. 

OPHIOBYRSELLA  QUADRISPINOSA,  new  species. 
Plate  16,  figs.  2-3. 

Albatross  station  2343.  Jan.  19,  1885.  Lat.  23°  11'  35"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  W.; 
279  fathoms;  fne.  co.  Two  specimens. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32305,  U.S.N.M. 

The  diameters  of  the  disks  are  respectively  19  and  22  mm.;  the  arms  are 
exceedingly  long,  very  sinuous,  and  their  length  exceeds  170  mm.  in  the  larger 
specimen. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  with  rounded  angles.  The  upper  face  is  covered  with 
a  bare  tegument  which  is  deprived  of  plates  and  spines  and  shows  only  a  few  dense 
and  irregular  folds.  However,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial  shields  and  at  the  margin 


126  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

of  the  disk,  the  folds  disappear,  the  tegument  becomes  thinner  though  offering  at 
the  same  time  a  few  small  rounded  plates,  well  separated  from  one  another,  and 
very  weakly  developed.  In  the  interval  which  separates  the  two  radial  shields  of 
each  pair,  these  plates  appear  at  the  height  of  the  middle  of  the  shields;  they  are 
at  first  small  and  loosely  spread,  and  then  they  grow  larger  as  the  base  of  the  arms 
is  nearer;  they  even  extend  to  the  upper  face  of  the  arms  on  which  they  very  soon 
disappear.  On  either  side  of  the  radial  shields  there  are  also  to  be  found  in  the 
interradial  spaces  some  plates  which  are  small  and  scarce;  these  plates,  besides, 
appear  only  near  the  very  edge  of  the  radial  shields.  These  shields  are  strongly 
developed.  Each  of  them  constitutes  an  elongated  and  narrow  plate,  forming  a 
fairly  thick  protuberance  which  is  wider  distally  than  proximally,  and  the  length  of 
which  equals  about  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are 
far  apart  and  the  interval  between  them  is  almost  equal  to  the  width  of  the  arm; 
they  are  directed  almost  parallel  to  each  other.  Every  one  of  these  shields  is 
armed  with  a  row  of  strong,  elongated  and  sharp  spines,  which  are  shorter  and  more 
dense  toward  the  proximal  end  of  the  shield,  where  they  sometimes  form  two 
parallel  rows.  The  little  plates,  which  are  near  the  radial  shields,  are  absolutely 
unarmed. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  bare;  the  tegument  which 
covers  it  is  smooth,  thin,  and  transparent.  There  are,  however,  near  the  genital 
slits,  a  few  small,  rounded  and  scattered  plates  which  become  a  little  more  dense, 
and  larger,  as  they  come  nearer  the  mouth  shield.  The  genital  slits  are  very  con- 
spicuous; the  genital  plates  are  wide  and  quite  distinct. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  pieces  are  not  very  distinct,  owing  to  the  tegument 
which  covers  them.  The  mouth  shields,  which  are  rather  small,  are  pentagonal,  a 
little  longer  than  wide  and  a  little  narrower  proximally  than  distally;  they  offer  an 
obtuse  proximal  angle,  limited  by  two  straight  or  slightly  excavated  sides;  the 
lateral  sides  are  straight  and  converging,  the  distal  edge  is  narrow.  The  elongated 
and  narrow  adoral  plates  are  slightly  incurved  in  the  shape  of  a  crescent  with 
parallel  sides;  they  are  three  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide.  The  oral  plates 
are  well  developed,  triangular,  and  very  high.  As  a  rule,  there  are  on  each  side 
three  oral  papillae  which  are  strong,  conical,  blunt-pointed,  and  have  a  very  rough 
surface.  Besides,  there  are  three  or  four  tooth  papillae  of  the  same  shape  as  the 
foregoing  ones,  but  stronger,  and  generally  arranged  in  two  superposed  pairs. 

The  arms  are  of  medium  breadth  and  the  upper  face  is  convex.  The  upper 
brachial  plates  do  not  exist.  The  slight,  almost  imperceptible  calcification  of  the 
teguments,  which  is  observed  at  the  basis  of  the  arms  and  which  appears  in  the 
shape  of  small,  very  thin  and  rounded  plates,  which  are  analogous  to  those  existing 
between  the  radial  shields,  does  not  go  beyond  the  second  article. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  large,  trapezoidal,  wider  than  long,  with  a 
proximal  edge  which  is  wider  than  the  distal  edge  toward  which  the  lateral  sides 
converge.  The  following  plates  are  pentagonal,  large,  much  wider  than  long,  with 
a  truncated  proximal  angle,  short  lateral  sides  which  are  excavated  by  the  ten- 
tacular pores,  and  a  rounded  distal  side  which  sometimes  shows  in  its  middle  a 
very  small  notch.  All  these  plates  are  contiguous. 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  127 

The  lateral  plates,  which  are  very  broad,  carry  each  four  spines,  which  are 
thin,  pointed,  flattened,  transparent,  and  provided  over  their  whole  length  with 
fairly  strong  denticulations ;  their  length  increases  from  the  first  ventral  spine, 
which  is  equal  to  one  and  a  half  articles,  to  the  third  one,  which  is  equal  to  two 
articles;  the  last  dorsal  spine  is  a  little  smaller. 

The  tentacular  pores  are  large,  oval,  and  transversely  widened;  there  is  no 
tentacular  scale. 

Connections  and  differences. — 0.  guadrispinosa  is  allied  chiefly  to  0.  Tiystricis 
(Lyman),  and  it  recalls  more  particularly  the  example  of  that  species  which  Bell 
represented  in  1892.1  But  it  is  at  once  distinguished  from  it  by  the  absence  of 
spines  on  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  out  of  the  radial  shields  and  by  the  brachial 
spines  being  larger  and  fewer.  0.  serpens  (Lyman)  has  but  three  brachial  spines 
which  are  strongly  echinulated,  not  much  covered  by  the  tegument,  and  unequal. 

By  the  shields  on  its  upper  face  and  by  the  small  number  of  spines  this  new 
Ophiuran  very  much  resembles  Ophiophryxus  acanfldnus,  which  has  recently  been 
described  by  W.  K.  Fisher,  from  a  single  specimen  found  in  Japan  between  94  and 
150  fathoms;  but  it  differs  from  it  in  the  mouth  pieces  and,  besides  other  things, 
in  the  height  of  the  oral  plates  and  the  development  of  the  oral  papillte,  as  well  as 
in  the  shape  of  the  under  brachial  plates;  it  really  belongs  to  the  genus  Ophwbyrsetta, 
selected  by  Verrill  out  of  the  genus  Ophiolyrsa. 

Family  OPHIOCHONDRID^. 

OPHIOCHONDRUS  GRANULATUS,  new  species. 
Plate  14,  figs.  1,  4-5. 

About  15  specimens,  found  on  branches  of  Platycaulis  danielsseni,  without  any 
indication  of  locality. 

Type.—C&i.  No.  32306,  U.S.N.M. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  may  roach  7  mm.,  and  in  several  specimens  it  varies 
between  5  and  6  mm.;  the  others  are  smaller.  The  arms  are  more  or  less  rolled 
up  in  a  vertical  plane,  and  it  is  difficult  to  exactly  estimate  their  length;  it  is  about 
25  mm.  in  some  specimens,  the  disk  of  which  is  5  mm.  wide. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  more  or  less  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces;  it  is, 
besides,  excavated  at  the  bases  of  the  arms  between  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair.  The  upper  face  is  slightly  convex  and  depressed  in  the  central  region  while 
the  radial  shields  are  protruding.  This  upper  face  lies  on  a  higher  level  than  that 
of  the  bases  of  the  arms.  It  is  provided  with  plates  which  are  covered  up  by  a  thin 
tegument,  which,  however,  allows  the  limits  of  the  plates  to  be  seen  on  the  dry 
specimens.  These  plates  are  rounded,  small,  subequal,  somewhat  imbricated, 
chiefly  near  the  outline  of  the  disk.  Each  of  them  bears  in  its  middle  a  large 
cylindrical  stump  which  is  short  and  thick,  with  a  rounded  end  armed  with  rather 
strong,  short,  pointed  and  unequal  spinules  which  extend  over  on  the  sides  of  the 
stump,  at  the  same  time  as  they  become  much  smaller,  thus  making  the  said  sides 
very  rough.  The  radial  shields  are  quite  apparent;  they  are  elongated,  protruding, 

1  On  the  classification  of  Ophiurids,  1892,  pi.  12,  figs.  2,  3. 


128  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

triangular,  with  a  rounded  proximal  angle;  they  are  twice  and  a  half  longer  than 
wide  and  their  length  is  about  equal  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  These  shields 
are  absolutely  bare  and  their  surface  is  deprived  of  stumps,  except  near  the  external 
edge,  which  may  show  two  or  three.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  parallel 
to  one  another,  and  they  are  widely  separated  by  two  or  three  rows  of  plates.  The 
under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small,  imbricated,  equal  plates,  the  outlines 
of  which  are  fairly  distinct,  and  which  may  each  carry  a  little  elongated  and  conical 
granule.  These  granules  appear  chiefly  near  the  outline  of  the  disk,  but  they  do  not 
occur,  however,  until  near  the  radial  shields,  chiefly  on  the  larger  samples.  The 
genital  slits  are  wide  and  very  conspicuous  and  extend  from  the  margin  of  the  disk 
to  the  mouth  shields. 

These  shields  are  much  wider  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded 
proximal  angle,  which  is  limited  by  two  slightly  incurved  sides;  the  lateral  angles 
are  more  or  less  thin  and  sharp;  the  distal  side  is  convex  and  forms  a  lobe  more  or 
less  protruding  into  the  interradial  space.  According  to  the  respective  forms  of 
this  distal  lobe  and  of  the  proximal  angle,  the  shields  are  either  triangular,  which  is 
the  most  frequent  case,  or  lozenge-shaped.  The  rather  large  adoral  plates  are  thick, 
two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide,  and  bent  in  the  shape  of  a  crescent;  they 
are  narrower  toward  their  distal  end.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and  rather 
small.  The  oral  papillae  generally  amount  to  four  and  are  arranged  in  a  regular 
row;  they  are  rather  thick  and  covered  with  sharp  denticulations,  which  are  very 
small  and  dense;  the  two  internal  papillae  are  narrow  and  the  two  external  ones 
are  more  widened.  To  these  papillae  are  sometimes  added  two  smaller  ones  which 
are  intercalated  between  the  former.  The  odd  terminal  papilla  is  larger  than  the 
others,  wide,  rounded,  and  rough. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  fairly  large,  triangular,  with  a  rounded  proximal 
angle  and  a  convex  distal  side;  they  are  a  little  wider  than  long  and  they  sometimes 
become  a  little  campanuliform;  from  the  second  one  upward,  they  are  separated 
by  a  very  wide  interval.  One  meets  sometimes  on  the  first  three  or  four  articles 
a  little  rounded  supernumerary  plate  at  the  base  of  the  chief  dorsal  plate,  but  I  do 
not  observe  this  character  except  on  the  largest  specimen,  and  I  think  it  is  due  to 
age;  it  is  important  to  note  that  neither  the  young  nor  the  middle-aged  ones  show 
any  indication  of  it. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate,  which  is  rather  large,  is  a  little  longer  than  wide, 
its  proximal  side  being  larger  than  its  distal  side.  The  four  or  five  succeeding 
plates  are  large,  very  much  widened,  wider  than  long,  triangular,  with  a  very 
obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  strongly  convex  distal  side.  The  width  of  the  under 
plates  then  decreases  progressively  and  they  very  soon  become  as  long  as  wide;  at 
the  same  time,  they  assume  a  pentagonal  shape  with  two  distinct  lateral  sides  and 
a  rounded  distal  side;  they  are  broadly  separated  from  each  other  from  the  second 
one  upward. 

The  protruding  lateral  plates  carry  five  spines  each.  The  first  two  ventral 
spines  are  shorter  than  the  article;  the  third  one  is  almost  as  long  as  the  article, 
the  fourth  is  larger,  and  the  fifth  reaches  about  one  and  a  half  articles.  These 
spines  are  strong  and  thick,  cylindrical,  with  an  obtuse  and  rounded  end,  except 


OPHIURANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  129 

OQ  the  last  dorsal  spine  which  is  more  pointed  than  the  others;  their  surface  is  very 
rough  and  it  even  offers  very  small  and  dense  denticulations  which  are  somewhat 
unequal.  The  brachial  spines  stand  perpendicular  to  the  longitudinal  axis  of 
the  arm,  and  they  do  not  lie  at  all  on  the  lateral  plates. 

The  single  tentacular  scale  is  small,  conical,  with  a  blunt  point;  it  is  often 
hidden  under  the  first  ventral  spine.  The  examples  in  alcohol  are  brownish-yellow. 

Connections  and  differences. — Owing  to  the  arms  being  rolled  up  in  a  vertical 
plane,  and  to  their  being  inserted  under  the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  owing  also  to 
several  other  characters,  this  species  evidently  belongs  to  the  genus  Ophiochondrus, 
as  it  has  been  restricted  by  Verrill,  and  from  which  must  be  excluded  0.  sguamosus, 
which  forms  the  type  of  the  genus  OphiochondreUa.  The  new  species  which  I  have 
just  described  will  easily  be  distinguished  from  the  already  known  species  by  the 
following  characters:  0.  convolutus  Lyman  possesses  six  spines  and  the  disk  is 
covered  with  numerous  granules,  which  are  very  small  and  dense.  0.  crassispinus 
Lyman  also  has  its  disk  covered  with  very  small  granules,  the  radial  shields  are 
very  large,  and  the  spines  amount  to  seven  or  eight.  0.  gratilis  Verrill  is  a  small 
species,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  which  does  not  exceed  3  mm.;  the  characters  of 
the  upper  face  of  the  disk  are  unknown,  but  the  brachial  spines  amount  to  eight. 
Lastly  0.  stelliger  Lyman  has  its  disk  covered  with  minute  granules,  and  the  brachial 
spines  amount  to  four  only. 

Among  the  Ophiurans  gathered  by  the  Princesse  Alice,  I  described  under  the 
name  of  Ophioplus  armatus  (07,  p.  46,  and  09,  p.  203)  an  Ophiuran  which  was 
represented  by  two  specimens  only  and  which  I  have  found  again  among  the  forms 
dredged  by  the  Albatross.  After  a  review  of  that  species  by  the  examination  of  more 
numerous  specimens  and  a  comparison  with  Ophiochondrus  granulatus,  it  seems  to 
me  more  correct  to  classify  this  Ophiuran  also  in  the  genus  Ophiochondrus.  I  was 
tempted  to  place  it  in  the  genus  Ophioplus  owing  chiefly  to  the  state  of  the 
upper  brachial  plates,  which  are  divided  up,  but  it  may  be  seen  by  the  description  of 
0.  granulatus  that  this  character  may  appear  also  in  the  genus  Ophiochondrus. 
Moreover,  the  shape  of  the  genital  slits  excludes  from  the  genus  Ophioplus  the 
species  from  the  Princesse  Alice.  Now  the  0.  granulatus  which  I  have  just  described 
is  very  closely  allied  with  0.  armatus;  I  shall  discuss  the  differences  which  separate 
these  two  species,  after  having  described  the  specimens  of  0.  armatus  gathered 
by  the  Albatross. 

OPHIOCHONDRUS  ARMATUS  (Koehler). 

Plate  14,  figs.  2-3,  6. 
Ophioplus  armatus  KCEHLER  (09),  p.  203,  pi.  38,  figs.  7,  8. 

Albatross  station  2415.  Apr.  1,  1885.  Lat.  30°  44'  N.;  long.  79°  26'  W.; 
440  fathoms;  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for.;  temp.  45.6°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2645.  Apr.  9,  1886.  Lat.  25°  46'  30"  N.;  long.  80°  02'.  W; 
157  fathoms;  gn.  s.;  temp.  43.4°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2663.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  39'  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.; 
421  fathoms;  br.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  One  specimen. 


130  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  2667.  June  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  55'  N.;  long.  79°  42'  30"  W.; 
273  fathoms;  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.;  temp.  48.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2668.  June  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  38' 
30"  W.;  294  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  46.3°  F.  Three  specimens. 

All  the  specimens  are  very  small  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  ranges  between 
2.5  and  5  mm.  They  agree  with  the  two  specimens  which  the  Princesse  Alice 
gathered  in  1902  at  latitude  36°  N.  and  longitude  26°  W.,  but  as  the  arms  of  the 
latter,  which  were,  besides,  mostly  incomplete,  were  not  at  all  or  very  little  rolled 
up,  I  referred  these  two  specimens  to  the  genus  Ophioplus,  taking  as  a  basis  chiefly 
the  division  of  the  upper  brachial  plates.  A  study  of  the  specimens  from  the 
Albatross,  wjiich  are  more  numerous  and  better  preserved  than  those  of  the  Princesse 
Alice,  and  above  all,  a  comparison  with  the  species  I  have  just  described  under 
the  name  of  Ophiochondrus  granulatus,  have  permitted  my  settling  the  generic 
position  of  0.  armatus,  and  completing  on  several  points  my  former  description. 

The  disk  is  more  or  less  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The 
upper  face  is  generally  depressed  in  its  center  as  well  as  in  the  interradii,  while  the 
radial  parts  are  protruding,  and  at  the  margin  of  the  disk  they  are  placed  on  a 
higher  level  than  that  of  the  insertion  of  the  arms.  There  are  sometimes  to  be  seen 
radial  ribs  which  succeed  the  radial  shields  toward  the  center  of  the  disk,  but  this 
arrangement  is  not  constant.  The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  thin 
imbricated  plates,  with  very  plain  outlines;  each  of  these  plates  shows  a  granule 
which  is  now  short  and  rounded,  now  a  little  elongated,  but  which  as  a  rule  is  not 
very  high  in  the  American  specimens;  these  granules  are  generally  rather  scattered 
and  their  surface  is  smooth.  However,  in  the  sample  from  station  2667,  they  are 
more  numerous  and  stronger  and  are  elongated  into  small  conical  stumps  the 
end  of  which  bears  a  few  spinules  which  are  extremely  short.  But  these  elon- 
gated granules  hardly  deserve  the  name  of  spines.  On  the  two  examples  from  the 
Princesse  Alice,  these  stumps,  which  are  rather  numerous,  are  more  elongated 
than  on  the  American  specimens;  they  may  be  conical  and  pointed,  or  then1  end 
may  be  obtuse  and  provided  with  a  few  spinules,  but  I  must  say  that  they  are 
less  elongated  than  shown  in  the  drawings  which  I  published  in  1909,  and  where, 
in  spite  of  my  corrections,  their  length  remained  exaggerated.  On  all  the  specimens, 
I  perceive  radial  shields,  but  these  are  small,  very  broadly  separated  and  they  have 
on  their  margin  a  few  granules. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  distinct,  rounded,  nonimbricated 
plates,  which  bear,  chiefly  near  their  margins,  granules  or  small  spines  which 
sometimes  extend  as  far  as  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  extend  as  far  as 
the  margin  of  the  disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  triangular,  wider  than  long,  with  more  or  less  conspicuous 
lateral  angles,  which  sometimes  are  but  slightly  rounded;  the  distal  side  is  always 
very  convex  on  the  American  examples,  and  it  shows  in  its  middle  a  little  lobe  which 
is  fairly  well  marked.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  crescent-shaped,  are  generally 
less  thick  than  on  the  two  specimens  from  the  Princesse  Alice. 

The  oral  papillas  amount  to  only  three  on  all  the  American  specimens,  and  only 
on  the  two  specimens  of  the  Princesse  Alice  do  they  reach  the  figure  four,  which  I 
have  again  ascertained.  The  odd  dental  papilla  is  large  and  thick. 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  131 

The  brachial  articles  are  elongated.  The  upper  brachial  plates  do  not  show  in 
the  American  specimens  such  a  marked  division  as  in  the  two  types.  Only  on  two 
specimens  from  station  2668  and  on  that  from  station  2667,  where  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  reaches  5  mm.,  do  I  observe  this  dividing,  which  is  limited  to  the  first  two 
or  three  dorsal  brachial  plates ;  each  of  these  plates  offers  a  triangular  chief  portion 
with  a  truncated  proximal  angle  and  a  proximal  fragment  which  is  larger  on  the 
first  article,  but  very  small  on  the  following  ones,  where  it  is  reduced  to  a  small 
circular  plate.  The  other  upper  plates  are  always  whole;  generally,  there  is  left 
between  their  proximal  angle  and  the  distal  margin  of  the  preceding  plate,  a  little 
space  covered  by  the  tegument  and  which  is  never  beset  by  a  plate.  The  dorsal 
brachial  plates  always  remain  a  little  longer  than  wide,  and  their  proximal  angle  is 
rounded. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  large,  trapezoidal,  longer  than  wide.  The 
following  ones  are  pentagonal,  but  in  the  American  examples,  they  are  compara- 
tively smaller  than  on  my  1909  drawing,  and  they  get  separated  beyond  the  second 
one;  they  are  a*t  first  a  little  wider  than  long. 

The  lateral  plates,  very  much  elongated  owing  to  the  length  of  the  articles, 
carry  five  short,  thick  spines  which  are  beset  with  strong  spinules  in  their  terminal 
part;  these  spines  do  not  exceed  half  the  article,  except  the  last  dorsal  one  which 
is  a  little  longer.  These  spines  always  remain  more  or  less  closely  applied  against 
the  lateral  plates. 

I  had  not  noticed  the  tentacular  scale  in  1909.  There  is  really  one  such  scale, 
but  it  is  very  small,  more  or  less  buried  in  the  tegument  and  very  difficult  to  recog- 
nize; I  have  been  unable,  besides,  to  notice  it  on  all  the  articles;  it  is  spiniform. 

I  have  said  above  that  0.  granulatus  is  very  near  0.  armatus,  and  one  might 
first  suppose  that  the  latter  is  but  a  young  stage  of  the  former,  but  it  is  not  so  and 
it  is  easy  to  grasp  the  differences  which  separate  the  two  species.  The  most  obvious 
is  supplied  by  the  brachial  spines  which  are  much  longer  in  0.  granulatus  and  which, 
instead  of  being  applied  against  the  lateral  plates,  are  on  the  contrary,  off-standing 
and  diverging  from  them.  The  upper  plates  of  the  disk,  which  are  larger  and  less 
numerous  than  in  0.  armatus,  are  beset  with  strong  and  thick  granules,  provided 
with  strong  spinules  which  never  get  elongated  into  small,  conical  spines,  but  always 
remain  cylindrical,  and  almost  as  long  as  wide.  The  dorsal  brachial  plates  show 
no  dividing  up,  except  on  the  first  two  or  three  brachial  articles,  and  they  are  much 
wider  than  long;  lastly,  the  brachial  articles  are  shorter.  The  oral  papillae  may 
become  fairly  numerous  in  0.  granulatus,  and  in  the  large  specimens  they  may 
amount  to  six  or  seven.  It  seems  also  that  0.  armatus  always  remains  rather  small, 
while  the  dimensions  of  0.  granulatus  are  great. 

The  differences  which  I  have  just  indicated  appear  plainly  when  specimens  of 
equal  size  are  compared,  such  as  a  little  specimen  of  0.  granulatus  which  I  have 
represented  on  plate  14,  figure  4,  compared  with  the  examples  of  0.  armatus  repro- 
duced on  the  same  plate. 


132  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Family  OPHIOMYXID^. 

OPHIOMYXA  FLACCIDA  (Say). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Studer  (83),  p.  29,  pi.  3,  fig.  14. 

Ives  (89),  p.  178. 

Verrill  (99),  p.  65. 

H.  L.  Clark  (01),  p.  340. 

Kcehler  (07),  p.  441. 

Verrill  (07),  p.  329. 

Koehler  (13),  p.  379. 

Key  West,  Florida.     Thirteen  specimens. 
Tortugas,  Florida.     Three  specimens  (one  dry). 
New  Providence,  Bahamas.     Two  specimens. 
Santa  Lucia.     One  specimen. 
St.  Thomas.     One  dry  specimen. 

O.Jlaccida  is  widely  spread  along  the  coasts  of  Florida  down  to  Brazil,  in  the 
West  Indies,  Bermudas,  etc. 

OPHIODERA  STIMPSONII  iLym«n). 

Ophioscolex  stimpsonii  LYMAN  (76),  p.  23,  pi.  1,  figs.  11-15. 

Ophioscolex  stimpsonii  LYMAN  (82),  p.  234. 

Ophiodera  stimpsonii  VERRILL  (99),  p.  67,  pi.  2,  figs.  4-4a. 

Albatross  station  2146.  Apr.  2,  1884.  Lat.  9°  32'  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W.; 
34  fathoms;  brk.  sh.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2663.  May  4,  1886.  Lat.  29°  39'  N.;  long.  79°  49'  W.;  421 
fathoms;  br.  s.;  temp.  42.7°  F.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2668.  May  5,  1886.  Lat.  30°  58'  30"  N.;  long.  79°  38' 
30"  W.;  294  fathoms;  gy.  s.  dd.  co.;  temp.  46.3°  F.  Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  2753.  Dec.  4,  1887.  Lat.  13°  34'  N.;  long.  61°  03'  W.;  281 
fathoms;  bk.  s.;  temp.  48°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  18  mm.  in  the  specimen  from  station  2663 
and  in  one  of  the  two  from  station  2668;  the  one  from  station  2753  is  smaller 
(diameter  of  the  disk  13-14  mm.).  The  second  specimen  from  station  2668  is 
small  and  in  a  bad  state  of  preservation.  The  arms  of  the  larger  examples  are  from 
75  to  85  mm.  long. 

The  brachial  spines  generally  amount  to  three,  a  figure  indicated  by  Lyman; 
there  is  sometimes  an  alternation  between  three  and  four  spines,  as  indicated  by 
Verrill,  or  between  two  and  three.  The  oral  papillae  number  three  on  the  speci- 
men from  station  2753,  and  three  or  four  in  the  others;  on  the  first  specimen,  they 
show  a  regular  shape  with  the  free  edge  finely  denticulated,  as  stated  by  Verrill; 
in  the  others,  they  are  more  irregular. 


OPHIUKANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  133 

Family   HEMIEURYALTD^E. 

SIGSBEIA  CONIFERA,  new  species. 

Plate  14,  fig.  7;  plate  17,  fig.  6. 

Albatross  station  2167  (type  locality).  May  1,  1884.  Lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.; 
long.  82°  20'  30"  W.;  201  fathoms;  co.  One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  2330.  Jan.  17,  1885.  Lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19' 
15"  W.;  121  fathoms;  fno.  gy.  co.  One  specimen. 

Type.—C&t.  No.  32307,  U.S.N.M. 

Both  specimens  were  fixed  on  branches  of  Stylaster  filograna. 

I  think  we  ought  to  refer  to  this  species  the  small  example  described  by  Verrill 
under  the  name  of  Sigsbeia  murrhina  (91,  p.  72,  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  la);  indeed  the 
smaller  of  my  two  specimens  is  almost  identical  with  it. 

In  the  larger  sample,  which  comes  from  station  2167,  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
is  5  mm.,  and  in  the  smaller,  it  exceeds  3.5  mm. ;  the  arms  are  more  or  less  rolled  up 
and  it  is  difficult  to  appreciate  their  length,  especially  in  the  larger  specimen;  in  the 
smaller  one,  they  are  hardly  one  centimeter  long. 

I  shall  first  describe  the  larger  specimen. 

The  disk  is  high  and  very  thick,  and  its  outline  is  pentagonal;  the  upper  face  is 
strongly  convex  and  it  joins  by  a  rounded  edge  the  under  face  which  is  plane. 

The  upper  face  is  occupied,  centrally,  by  plates  which  are  few,  small,  unequal, 
and  irregularly  polygonal;  the  space  covered  by  them  is  of  small  extent.  Distally, 
there  come  first  the  radial  shields  which  are  large,  triangular,  longer  than  wide, 
and  the  length  of  which  very  much  exceeds  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  separated  over  their  whole  length,  but  they  are  nearer  one 
another  distally  than  proximally  and  their  internal  edges  are  inclined  toward 
each  other;  the  external  or  interradial  side  is,  on  the  contrary,  almost  exactly  parallel 
to  the  corresponding  side  of  the  shield  of  the  next  pair.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair 
are  separated  by  a  row  which  includes  three  chief  plates;  the  distal  plate  is  very 
small  and  rectangular,  the  following  one,  which  is  larger,  is  triangular  with  rounded 
angles;  lastly,  the  proximal  plate,  which  is  very  large,  generally  offers  also  a  tri- 
angular shape.  This  last  plate,  which  proximally  exceeds  the  end  of  the  radial 
shields,  is  much  protruding  and  carries  a  large  conical  tubercle  with  a  blunt  point, 
nearer  to  the  distal  angle  of  the  plate;  in  one  of  the  radii,  this  plate  becomes  double. 
A  like,  but  smaller  tubercle,  appears  also  on  the  middle  of  the  second  plate.  Two 
or  three  other  very  small  plates  fill  up  the  interval  between  the  last  two  plates. 
The  interradial  spaces  are  occupied  by  a  row  of  narrow  plates  which  generally 
amount  to  three;  the  first  one  is  longer  than  wide,  and  the  third  one  which  is  widened, 
occupies  the  margin  of  the  disk.  All  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  appear 
to  be  firmly  jointed  to  one  another  and  their  surface  is  covered  with  minute  granules. 

The  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  beset  by  a  small  number  of  unequal  and  polygonal 
plates,  among  which  are  seen  the  elongated  and  narrow  genital  plates.  The  genital 
slits  extend  out  on  a  small  part  of  the  length  of  these  plates;  they  are  very  short 
and  retain  the  same  width  over  their  whole  length,  without  showing  inwardly 
that  widening  which  exists  in  S.  murrhina. 


134  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  mouth  shields  are  always  divided  into  two  unequal  parts  by  a  transverse 
fissure.  The  external  region,  which  is  by  far  the  more  important,  is  sensibly  wider 
than  long;  it  is  semicircular,  with  an  almost  straight  proximal  side  and  a  very 
convex  distal  side.  The  proximal  region  forms  a  small  triangle  which  wedges 
between  the  two  adoral  plates  on  half  their  length;  it  is,  in  fact,  the  proximal  angle 
of  the  mouth  shield  which  has  got  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  plate.  The  adoral 
plates  are  fairly  large,  oval,  or  piriform.  The  oral  plates  are  elongated  and  high, 
almost  twice  longer  than  wide.  The  oral  papillae  amount  to  four  on  each  side, 
and  their  size  rapidly  decreases  from  the  external  papilla,  which  is  large  and  wide, 
to  the  last  two  which  are  small,  low,  and  little  distinct.  The  tooth  papilla,  which  is 
odd,  is  conical  and  a  little  larger  than  the  foregoing  one. 

The  rather  small  upper  brachial  plates  are  swollen  but  not  protruding;  the 
first  three  are  transversely  widened  and  their  length  increases  from  the  first  one, 
which  is  very  little  developed,  to  the  third;  the  latter  is  the  largest  of  all;  these  three 
plates  are  contiguous  on  a  large  portion  of  their  adjacent  sides.  Beyond  the  third 
one,  the  plates  become  triangular  and  about  as  long  as  wide,  with  a  sharp  proximal 
angle  and  a  very  convex  distal  side;  the  fourth  plate  is  still  contiguous  with  the  third 
at  its  proximal  angle,  but,  beyond  the  fourth,  the  plates  are  separated  by  an  interval 
which  is  at  first  rather  short  and  then  becomes  a  little  more  elongated. 

The  first  under  brachial  plate  is  pentagonal  and  a  little  longer  than  wide  with 
an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  diverging  lateral  sides,  and  a  convex  distal  side.  The 
succeeding  plates  are  very  large,  quadrangular,  with  a  straight  proximal  side 
much  narrower  than  the  distal  side  which  is  widened;  the  latter  is  at  first  convex 
and  then  it  is  slightly  notched  in  its  middle;  the  sides  are  divergent.  These  plates 
are  wider  than  long  and  they  are  all  contiguous. 

The  largest  portion  of  each  lateral  brachial  plate  is  especially  developed  on  the 
upper  face  of  the  arms;  these  plates  wedge  between  the  successive  dorsal  plates; 
their  sides  are  parallel.  The  accessory  piece  is  quadrangular,  twice  wider  than 
long,  with  rounded  angles. 

The  brachial  spines,  amounting  to  two  only,  are  short  and  papilliform,  lying 
on  the  plate  and  a  little  longer  than  wide,  with  a  rounded  end;  the  ventral  spine 
is  a  little  more  widened  than  the  other. 

The  tentacular  scale  is  fairly  developed  and  well  apparent;  it  is  rounded  and 
flattened. 

The  brachial  plates  are,  as  the  other  plates  of  the  body,  covered  with  minute 
granules;  these  granules  are  a  little  more  conspicuous  on  the  lateral  plates. 

The  color  of  the  two  examples  in  alcohol  is  grayish. 

The  smaller  specimen  corresponds  fairly  well  to  VerriU's  description;  it  differs 
from  it  chiefly  by  the  large  radial  plates,  which  separate  the  proximal  regions  from 
the  radial  shields.  These  plates  already  show  a  beginning  of  a  protuberance 
corresponding  to  the  conical  and  protruding  tubercle  which  I  have  referred  to 
above,  and  which  does  not  yet  exist  on  VerriU's  specimen.  The  two  radial  shields 
of  each  pair  are  also  slightly  converging  distally;  the  centro-dorsal  plate  is  very 
distinct.  The  mouth  shields  have  actually  the  same  shape  as  in  the  adult,  and 
their  proximal  angle  is  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  plate  (an  arrangement  which 
Verrill  does  not  mention,  but  which,  however,  seems  to  be  indicated  on  his  drawing). 


OPHIUBANS  OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  135 

The  genital  slits  are  already  apparent.  The  under  brachial  plates  are  separated 
by  the  lateral  plates. 

Connections  and  differences. — S.  murrhina  was  described  by  Lyman  from  a 
specimen,  the  diameter  of  which  was  12  mm.;  I  do  not  think  it  possible  to  refer  to 
that  species  the  two  specimens  dredged  by  the  Albatross,  nor  the  young  specimen 
from  the  Bahama  expedition,  as  Verrill  has  done,  for  the  arrangement  of  the  plates 
of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  is  very  different.  In  fact,  S.  murrhina  shows  a  distinct 
central  rosette,  and  all  the  upper  plates  of  the  disk  are  coarsely  tuberculous,  but 
it  does  not  offer  the  slightest  indication  of  that  large  radial  plate  which  is  provided 
with  a  conical  protuberance,  nor  of  the  similar  plate  which  succeeds  the  former, 
both  of  which  plates  are  characteristic  of  S.  conifera.  In  the  latter,  the  central 
rosette  is  already  dissociated  in  a  specimen  which  has  a  disk  not  exceeding  5.5  mm. 
in  diameter.  In  S.  murrhina,  the  disk  itself  is  flattened  and  not  thick  and  swollen; 
the  upper  brachial  plates  are  transversely  oval  and  not  triangular;  the  shape  of  the 
mouth  pieces  and  of  the  genital  slits  also  differs  in  the  two  species.  The  arms  also 
seem  to  be  longer  in  S.  murrhina,  but  this  might  be  due  to  a  difference  in  size. 

In  S.  lineata  Liitken  and  Mortensen  from  the  Pacific,  the  upper  plates  of  the 
disk  are  neither  tuberculous  nor  protruding,  and  the  brachial  spines  are  three  in 
number. 

SIGSBEI A  SEXR  ADI  AT  A,  new  species. 
Plate  17,  figs.  4-5. 

Albatross  station  2753.  Dec.  4,  1887.  Lat.  13°  34'  N.;  long.  61°  03'  W.;  281 
fathoms;  bk.  s.;  temp.  48°  F.  Two  specimens  fixed  on  a  branch  of  coral. 

Type— Cut.  No.  32308,  U.S.N.M. 

Both  examples  are  very  small  and  the  diameters  of  the  disk  do  not  exceed, 
respectively,  2  and  1.5  mm.;  however,  they  display  characters  sufficiently  plain  to 
allow  of  their  being  described  and  they  are  at  once  noticeable  by  the  number  of  their 
arms,  which  are  six.  In  the  larger  specimen  four  arms  only  are  preserved,  the  other 
two  being  broken  at  their  base;  of  the  preserved  arms,  two  are  wider  and  a  little 
longer  than  the  others;  all  these  arms  are  strongly  rolled  up  and  it  is  difficult  to 
estimate  their  length  which  certainly  does  not  reach  7  or  8  mm.  In  the  smaller 
one,  three  arms  only  are  preserved,  one  of  which  is  smaller  than  the  others. 

The  disk  is  circular,  rather  thick,  with  a  rounded  outline;  it  is  depressed  in  its 
central  region  which  is  beset  by  a  dozen  small,  polygonal,  unequal,  and  irregularly 
arranged  plates;  there  is  not  the  slightest  indication  of  a  primary  rosette.  Out- 
wardly come  the  radial  shields,  which  form  an  uninterrupted  circle ;  these  shields 
are  large,  triangular,  one  and  a  half  times  longer  than  wide,  with  a  rounded  proxi- 
mal angle  and  a  concave  distal  side;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  contiguous  on 
the  whole  length  of  their  radial  side,  and  each  pair  is  contiguous  with  two  neighbor- 
ing pairs.  Each  radial  shield  is  succeeded  by  a  large,  rounded,  and  globulous  plate, 
which  is  wider  than  long  and  sometimes  divided  into  two  successive  parts ;  the  two 
plates  of  each  pair  are  generally  separated  by  a  narrow  interval  which  allows  the 
first  upper  brachial  plate  to  be  seen,  while,  on  their  external  side,  the  plates  are  more 
approximated  to  the  next  ones  or  even  are  contiguous  with  them.  These  plates 
form  the  lateral  faces  of  the  disk  and  they  extend  over  to  the  under  face  where 
6061°— Bull.  84—14 10 


136  BULLETIN   84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

they  meet  the  mouth  shields.  There  are  no  other  plates  in  the  interradial  spaces, 
and  this  is  probably  due  to  the  youth  of  the  samples.  The  genital  slits  appear  as 
small,  oval,  and  narrow  openings,  located  between  the  external  angle  of  each  mouth 
shield  and  the  first  lateral  brachial  plate. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small  and  very  narrow;  they  are  twice  longer  than  wide, 
with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  two  converging  lateral  sides  which  meet  by 
a  rounded  angle;  they  are  compressed  between  the  two  large  plates  which  I  have 
just  mentioned  and  the  adoral  plates.  The  latter  are  very  much  developed;  they 
are  trapezoidal,  the  proximal  side  being  twice  as  long  as  the  distal  side,  and  they 
are  contiguous  over  the  whole  length  of  their  internal  side.  The  oral  plates  are 
small,  longer  than  wide.  The  oral  papillae  amount  to  four  on  each  side;  the  external 
papilla  is  extremely  large  and  wide,  oval,  squamiform,  and  obliquely  erect;  the 
following  three  are  very  small,  papilliform  and  conical.  The  odd  terminal  papilla 
is  scarcely  larger  than  its  neighbors. 

The  upper  brachial  plates  are  very  large,  excepting  the  first  one,  which  is  short ; 
they  are  triangular,  much  wider  than  long,  with  an  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal 
angle  and  a  more  or  less  convex  distal  side,  which  meets  the  lateral  sides  by  rounded 
angles.  These  plates  are  very  much  approximated  to  one  another,  but  not  abso- 
lutely in  contact. 

The  under  brachial  plates  are  little  developed,  and  the  first  three  alone  exist. 
The  first  plate  is  narrow  and  compressed  between  the  two  adoral  plates ;  it  is  lozenge- 
shaped  and  longer  than  wide.  The  second  and  third  plates  are  rather  small,  pen- 
tagonal, a  little  wider  than  long,  their  angles  being  rounded  and  not  very  distinct; 
they  appear  less  plainly  on  the  smaller  than  on  the  larger  sample.  Beyond  these 
plates,  the  under  face  of  the  arms  offers  a  narrow  median  stripe  of  membranous 
tissue,  which  is  limited  on  both  sides  by  the  side  plates. 

The  latter  are  developed  chiefly  on  the  arm  sides  and  they  do  not  meet  on  the 
median  ventral  line,  but  they  always  remain  separated  by  that  stripe  of  soft  tissue 
which  I  have  just  referred  to.  They  carry  on  their  distal  side  a  row  of  large,  rounded, 
and  rough  globules,  which  are  hardly  longer  than  wide  and  amount  to  four  at  the 
base  of  the  arms;  these  globules  represent  as  many  brachial  spines  and  the  last 
globule  is  somewhat  smaller  than  the  others.  Within  the  row  formed  by  the  said 
spines  there  is  a  tentacular  scale,  the  shape  of  which  rather  recalls  that  of  the  brachial 
spines,  although  it  is  more  flattened  and  somewhat  shorter  than  they  are.  The 
lateral  plates  are  simple  and  there  is  no  indication  of  a  supplementary  plate.  All 
the  plates  of  the  body,  as  well  on  the  disk  as  on  the  arms,  are  covered  with  very 
minute  granules. 

Connections  and  differences. — I  refer  to  the  genus  Sigsbeia  the  two  Ophiurans 
which  I  have  just  described,  although  their  lateral  plates  are  not  divided,  but  this 
division  might  appear  on  older  samples;  the  absence  of  under  brachial  plates  on 
the  largest  part  of  the  arms  is  evidently  a  youthful  character.  By  the  shape  of  the 
upper  brachial  plates,  S.  sexradiata  recalls  S.  conifera,  which  I  have  just  described, 
but  it  differs  from  it  in  the  shape  of  the  plates  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  as  well 
as  in  the  number  of  arms;  this  latter  character,  besides,  separates  S.  sexradiata 
from  the  few  other  species  actually  known  of  the  genus  Sigsbeia. 


OPHIURANS  OF  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM.  137 

Family  ASTROCHEMID^. 

ASTROCHEMA  ELONGATUM,  new  species. 
Plate  17,  figs.  1-3;  plate  18,  fig.  8. 

Fish  Hawk  station  7280.  Feb.  14,  1902.  Lat.  24°  17'  05"  N.;  long.  81°  58' 
25"  W.;  132  fathoms;  sand;  temp.  52°  F.  Three  specimens. 

Type.— Cat.  No.  32309,  U.S.N.M. 

The  jar  containing  the  three  specimens  was,  unfortunately,  badly  corked  and 
consequently  reached  me  completely  dried,  as  well  as  a  few  Ophiomitra  valida,  which 
accompanied  them;  the  result  is  that  the  arms,  which  by  the  way  are  very  long, 
are  fixed  up  in  the  position  which  they  occupied  when  in  alcohol,  and  as  they  are 
strongly  twisted  up,  it  is  rather  difficult  to  form  an  accurate  idea  of  their  real  length. 

In  the  largest  specimen,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  1 1  mm.  from  the  end 
of  a  radial  rib  to  the  middle  of  the  opposite  interradius ;  the  length  of  the  arms  must 
have  been  about  30  centimeters.  The  other  two  samples  are  smaller,  and  the 
diameters  of  their  disks,  respectively,  measure  8  and  7  mm. 

The  disk  is  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces  and  is  very  thick.  The 
upper  face  is  convex,  more  or  less  depressed  in  the  central  region;  the  under  face 
is  plane.  The  upper  face  has  10  protruding  and  much  elongated  radial  ribs  which 
all  meet  toward  the  center  of  the  disk;  the  two  ribs  of  each  pair  always  remain 
somewhat  separated  from  each  other  by  a  more  or  less  broad  space.  These  ribs  are 
very  narrow  and  they  preserve  the  same  width  over  almost  all  their  length,  except 
at  the  proximal  end  which  grows  rapidly  thinner  and  at  the  distal  end  which,  on  the 
contrary,  is  widened.  These  ribs  are  noticeable  not  only  from  their  being  very 
protruding,  but  also  from  their  white  color  which  shows  off  on  the  rest  of  the  disk, 
the  tegument  of  which  is  dark  brown.  They  are  beset  with  thick  granules  which 
are  very  dense  and  contiguous,  and  among  which  some  bigger  ones  are  noticeable 
which  are  separated  by  other  much  smaller  ones;  all  these  granules,  even  the 
largest  ones,  are  rounded.  The  radial  and  interradial  spaces  of  the  upper  face  are 
covered  by  a  tegument  carrying  granules  which  always  remain  smaller  than  those 
of  the  radial  ribs;  these  granules  also  are  unequal,  but  they  are  less  dense  than  on 
the  ribs.  When  reaching  the  margin  of  the  disk,  and  also  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
distal  end  of  the  radial  ribs,  these  granules  become  a  little  coarser  and  they  pro- 
gressively extend  over  to  the  granules  of  the  upper  face  of  the  arms. 

The  lateral  faces  of  the  disk,  which  are  obliquely  directed  inwardly,  meet  the 
upper  face  by  a  rather  conspicuous  angle ;  they  show  the  same  coloring  as  the  radial 
and  interradial  spaces  of  the  said  face,  and  they  are  covered  with  similar  granules. 
The  two  genital  slits  of  each  interradial  space  are  obliquely  directed  inward,  and 
converge  toward  the  ventral  face;  they  are  elongated,  rather  wide,  and  preserve 
the  same  width  over  their  whole  length,  which  reaches  3  mm. 

The  under  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  minute  granules,  of  a  uniform  size, 
and  separated  from  each  other;  these  granules  become  a  little  stronger  toward  the 
margin  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces;  on  the  contrary,  in  the  radial  parts 
they  succeed  the  analogous  but  somewhat  smaller  granules  existing  on  the  under 
face  of  the  arms. 


138  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  pieces  are  completely  hidden  by  the  teguments. 
Large  rounded  granules,  which  form  two  or  even  three  regular  rows,  extend  along 
the  mouth  angles  and  represent  oral  papillae.  At  the  end  of  the  jaws,  there  is  a 
group  of  two  or  three  tooth  papillae  which  are  more  developed  than  the  preceding 
ones,  flattened  and  lanceolate. 

The  arms  are  somewhat  higher  than  broad;  the  upper  face  is  strongly  convex 
and  the  under  face  is  flattened.  They  are  a  little  narrower  at  the  beginning  and 
then  they  become  slightly  wider  2  or  3  centimeters  from  the  base;  at  the  same 
time,  the  division  into  successive  rings  becomes  more  apparent.  The  granules  of  the 
radial  ribs  extend  over  to  the  upper  face  of  the  arms  where  there  are  to  be  found,  as 
well  as  on  these  ribs,  fairly  large  granules  separated  by  other  smaller  ones,  it  being  so 
on  the  first  six  or  eight  brachial  articles;  beyond  the  granules  lie  wider  apart,  and 
at  the  same  time,  their  size  decreases  and  becomes  uniform.  There  are  then  to  be 
seen  only  loose  minute  granules  which  become  still  fewer  and  smaller  as  the  distance 
from  the  disk  increases;  finally,  the  granules  completely  disappear  about  10  centi- 
meters from  the  basis  of  the  arms,  and  their  upper  face  consequently  remains 
completely  smooth. 

The  granules  of  the  upper  face  of  the  arms  extend  over  to  the  lateral  faces  with 
the  same  characters;  they  become,  however,  a  little  smaller  and  more  uniform 
toward  the  under  edge  of  the  arms.  On  the  under  face  of  the  arms  granules  are 
again  found  which  are  analogous  to  those  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk,  although 
much  smaller,  but  these  granules  rapidly  become  very  small  and  fewer  and  they 
finally  disappear  3  or  4  centimeters  from  the  disk. 

The  first  pair  of  brachial  tentacular  pores  is  deprived  of  scales.  On  each  pore 
of  the  three  succeeding  pairs,  one  only  is  to  be  seen,  and  the  second  scale  appears 
on  the  pores  of  the  fifth  pair  in  the  largest  specimen. 

These  scales  always  have  the  shape  of  almost  cylindrical  spines,  with  thin  but 
obtuse  ends.  The  length  of  the  internal  spine  progressively  increases  from  the 
pores  of  the  second  pair  and  it  finally  reaches  one  and  a  half  articles ;  this  spine 
is  rather  strong,  a  little  thinned  at  its  tip,  and  it  shows  in  its  terminal  part,  on  about 
one-third  of  its  length,  rather  strong  successive  denticulations.  The  external  spine 
always  remains  much  weaker;  it  is  conical  and  more  pointed  than  the  internal  one, 
and  it  hardly  exceeds  half  the  length  of  the  latter;  it  also  displays  in  its  terminal 
part  denticulations,  which,  however,  are  weaker  than  on  the  internal  spine. 

In  the  secftnd  specimen,  the  disk  of  which  is  8  mm.  in  diameter,  the  external 
spine  appears  generally  from  the  fourth  article  upward,  and  in  the  third  specimen, 
which  is  smaller,  it  appears  now  on  the  fourth,  now  on  the  fifth  article. 

After  the  above  description  was  written,  I  received  an  additional  specimen 
from  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  as  follows: 

Albatross  station  2152.  Apr.  30,  1884.  2|  miles  NW.  of  Havana  Light; 
387  fathoms;  co.,  temp.  49°  F.  One  specimen. 

The  specimen  is  incomplete;  the  arms  are  all  broken  off  near  the  basis  and  a  few 
loose  fragments  only  are  preserved. 

The  sample  was  labeled  Astrochema  arenosum,  but  the  determination  is  evi- 
dently incorrect,  and  we  have  to  deal  here  with  A.  dongatum,  a  new  species  which 
I  have  described  above  from  specimens  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  I  mention 


OPHIUBANS   OF   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM.  139 

this  specimen  here  and  reproduce  (pi.  18,  fig.  8)  an  arm  piece,  because  it  shows  a 
peculiarity  which  I  did  not  observe  in  the  specimens  which  I  used  as  types.  In 
fact,  at  the  level  of  each  brachial  article,  one  of  the  granules  of  the  upper  face  is 
seen  to  take  on  a  great  development  and  to  swell  into  a  large  conical  nipple  with 
rounded  end,  which  is  very  conspicuous  and  very  much  protruding  above  the  level 
of  the  next  granules.  This  peculiarity  is  observed  chiefly  at  the  beginning  of  the 
arms.  I  can  but  mention  this  special  arrangement,  which  might  perhaps  justify 
the  introduction  of  a  distinct  variety,  if  it  were  found  again  on  other  samples. 
By  all  its  other  characters,  this  individual  may  be  referred  to  A.  elongatum. 

Connections  and  differences. — Among  the  Astrochema  for  which  A.  elongatum 
might  be  mistaken,  I  shall  cite  chiefly  A.  clavigerum  Verrill,  inornatum  Koehler, 
intectum  Lyman,  and  nuttingii  Verrill.  The  distinction  between  them  will  be  found 
in  the  following  characters. 

A.  clavigerum  has  protruding  radial  ribs,  which,  however,  are  widened;  the 
upper  face  of  the  disk  and  arms  is  covered  with  small,  smooth  granules  which 
become  only  a  little  stronger  on  the  radial  ribs  without  offering  those  inequalities 
which  I  notice  in  the  new  species.  The  internal  tentacular  scale  takes  on  a  remark- 
able development,  and  it  is,  besides,  swollen  at  its  end  in  the  shape  of  a  club.  A. 
inornatum  has  wide  and  little  protruding  radial  ribs,  which  are  uniformly  covered 
with  small  granules  similar  to  those  on  the  rest  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk;  the 
upper  face  of  the  arms  also  is  uniformly  granulous  and  the  granules  are  always  less 
coarse  than  in  A.  elongatum.  The  arms  are  shorter  and  the  internal  brachial  spine 
is  more  club-like  toward  the  end;  the  second  spine  always  appears  a  little  farther 
away  than  in  A.  elongatum,  and,  as  a  rule,  near  the  seventh  pair,  of  pores.  In  A. 
intectum  from  Havana,  the  under  face  of  the  arms  is  altogether  bare  and  as  to  the 
tentacular  scales  there  are  already  two  appearing  on  the  pores  of  the  second  pair. 
In  A.  nuttingii,  the  pores  even  of  the  first  pair  each  carry  a  tentacular  scale,  and  the 
second  scale  appears  either  on  the  pores  of  the  second  or  on  those  of  the  third  pair. 
The  upper  face  of  the  arms  offers  but  a  bare  tegument  with  a  few  very  much  reduced 
granules,  which,  however,  become  more  distinct  at  a  certain  distance  from  the  disk; 
the  under  face  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  is  almost  bare.  The  tentacular  mouth 
pores  each  bear  a  little  distal  scale;  the  row  of  oral  papillae  is  more  regular  and  the 
tentacular  scales  are  longer  and  narrower.  Lastly,  the  radial  ribs  seem  to  be  wider 
and  less  protruding  than  in  A.  elongatum. 

The  other  species  from  the  West  Indies  are  easily  distinguished  from  A. 
elongatum. 


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EXPLANATION   OF  PLATES. 

PLATE  1. 

Fig.  1 .  Ophioderma  elapg,  side  view  of  an  arm.     X3. 

2.  Ophioderma  elaps,  portion  of  the  upper  face  of  the  disk  and  of  an  arm.     X3. 

3.  Ophioglypha  irrorata,  under  face.     X2. 

4.  Ophioglypha  irrorata,  upper  face.     X2. 

5.  Ophioglypha  sarsii,  young,  upper  face.     X9. 

6.  Ophioglypha  sarsii,  young,  upper  face.     X5. 

7.  Ophiomusium  rugosum,  upper  face.     X4. 

8.  Ophiomusium  rugosum,  under  face.     X4. 

9.  Ophiomusium  sculptum,  upper  face.     X6. 


PLATE  2. 


Fig.  1.  Ophioderma  sp.,  young;  upper  face.     X4. 

2.  Ophioderma  Bp.,  young;  under  face.     X4. 

3.  Ophioglypha  coronata,  upper  face.     X4. 

4.  Ophioglypha  coronata,  under  face.     X4. 

5.  Ophioglypha  convcxa,  under  face.     X4. 

6.  Ophioglypha  convexa,  upper  face.     X4. 

PLATE  3. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiomusium  armigerum,  upper  face.     X5. 

2.  Ophioglypha  lepida,  upper  face.     X3. 

3.  Ophiomisidium  speciosum,  upper  face.     X7- 

4.  Ophiomisidium  speciosum,  under  face.     X7. 

5.  Ophioglypha  elevata,  under  face.     X6. 

6.  Ophiomyces  mirabilis,  under  face.     X6. 

7.  Ophiomusium  testudo,  upper  face.     XT- 

PLATE  4. 
Fig.  1.  Amphiura  flcxuosa,  upper  face.    X6. 

2.  Amphiura  flexuosa,  under  face.      X6. 

3.  Amphiura  kinbergiensis,  under  face  of  a  specimen  from  the  Albatross.     X8. 

4.  Amphiura  kinbergiensis,  under  face  of  a  specimen  from  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman.     X8. 

5.  Amphiura  latispina,  under  face.     X7. 

6.  Amphiura  latispina,  upper  face.     X7. 

PLATE  5. 

Fig.  1.  Amphiura  kinbergiensis,  upper  face  of  a  specimen  from  the  Albatross.     X8. 

2.  Amphiura  kinbergiensis,  upper  face  of  a  specimen  from  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman.    X8. 

3.  Amphiura  complanata,  upper  face.     X4. 

4.  Amphiura  complanata,  under  face  of  another  specimen.    X5. 

5.  Amphiura  complanata,  upper  face  of  the  specimen  illustrated  in  fig.  4.     X5. 

6.  Amphiura  complanata,  under  face  of  the  specimen  illustrated  in  fig.  3.    X4. 

7.  Ophiocnida  loveni,  upper  face.     X". 

8.  Ophiocnida  loveni,  under  face.     X7. 

143 


144  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  6. 

Fig.  1.  Amphiodia  liitkeni,  upper  face.     X7. 

2.  Amphiodia  liitkeni,  under  face.     X7. 

3.  Amphiodia  nisei,  under  face.    X7. 

4.  Amphiodia  erecta,  upper  face  of  smaller  specimen.     Xll. 

5.  Amphiodia  erecta,  under  face  of  the  same.     Xll. 

6.  Amphiodia  erecta,  upper  face  of  the  larger  specimen.     X6. 

7.  Amphiodia  erecta,  under  face  of  the  same.     X6. 

PLATE  7. 

Fig.  1.  Amphiura  stimpsoni,  upper  face.     Xll. 

2.  Amphiura  stimpsoni,  under  face.     X14. 

3.  Amphiura  fibulata,  upper  face.     X5. 

4.  Amphiura  fibulata,  under  face.     X7. 

5.  Amphiura  fibulata,  upper  face  of  the  disk  of  the  same  specimen,  more  enlarged.    X7. 

6.  Amphiura  diducta,  upper  face.    X8. 

7.  Amphiura  diducta,  under  face.     X8. 

PLATE  8. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiophragmus  wundermani,  upper  face.     X4. 

2.  Ophiophragmus  wundermani,  under  face.     X4. 

3.  Ophiacanlha  bidentata,  under  face.     X4. 

4.  Ophiacantha  bidentata,  under  face.     X4. 

5.  Amphiura  otteri,  upper  face  of  one  of  Ljungman's  types.     X4. 

6.  Amphiura  otteri,  under  face  of  the  same.    X4. 

7.  Amphiura  otteri,  under  face  of  a  specimen  from  the  Albatross.     X5. 

8.  Amphiura  otteri,  under  face  of  an  arm  of  one  of  Ljungman'e  typee.    X5. 

9.  Amphiura  otteri,  upper  face  of  the  same  arm.     X5. 

PLATE  9. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiacantha  mcridionalis,  upper  face.     X6. 

2.  Ophiacantha  meridionalis,  under  face.     X6. 

3.  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus,  upper  face.     X10. 

4.  Ophiacantha  pentacrinus,  under  face.     X10. 

5.  Ophiacantha  sp.,  allied  to  0.  pentacrinus;  upper  face.     X10. 

6.  Ophiacantha  ep.,  allied  to  0.  pentacrinus;  under  face  of  the  same  specimen.     X10. 

PLATE  10. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiomitrella  levis,  under  face.     X10. 

2.  Ophiacantha  granulifera,  upper  face.     X4. 

3.  Ophiacantha  granulifera,  under  face.     X5.  J 

4.  Ophiomitra  robusta,  upper  face.     X4. 

5.  Ophiomitra  robusta,  under  face.     X4. 

6.  Ophiomitrella  levis,  upper  face.     X10. 

PLATE  11. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiacantha  aculeata,  upper  face.    X4. 

2.  Ophiacantha  aculeata,  under  face.     X4. 

3.  Ophiacantha  (Ophiapristis)  permixta,  upper  face.     X4. 

4.  Ophiacantha  (Ophiopristis)  permixta,  under  face.     X4.5. 

5.  Ophiacantha fraterna,  upper  face.     X4. 

6.  Ophiacantha  fraterna,  under  face.     X4. 


EXPLANATION   OP   PLATES.  145 

PLATE  12. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiotrema  gracilis,  upper  face.     X4. 

2.  Ophiotrema  gracilis,  under  face.     X5.5. 

3.  Ophiotrema  alberti,  upper  face.     X3. 

4.  Ophiotrema  alberti,  under  face.     X3. 

5.  Ophwmitrella  porrecta,  upper  face.     X6. 

6.  Ophiomitrella  porrecta,  under  face.     X6. 

PLATE  13. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta)  affinis,  under  face.     X4. 

2.  Ophiacantha  (Ophwtreta)  affinis,  upper  face.     X4. 

3.  Ophiacantha  (Ophwtreta)  a/mis,  under  face  of  another  specimen.     X5. 

4.  Ophiomitrella  Ixvipellis,  upper  face.     X9. 

5.  Ophwmitrella  Ixvipellis,  under  face.     X9. 

6.  Ophiacantha  vepratica,  upper  face.     X5. 

PLATE  14. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiochondrus  granulatus,  under  face.     X7. 

2.  Ophiochondrus  armatus,  upper  face.     X8. 

3.  Ophiochondrus  armatus,  under  face.     X8. 

4.  Ophiochondrus  granulatus,  upper  face  of  a  small  specimen.     X6. 

5.  Ophiochondrus  granulatus,  upper  face  of  a  larger  specimen,  the  under  face  of  which  is  illustrated 

in  fig.  1.     X6. 

6.  Ophiochondrus  armalus,  more  enlarged  under  face  of  the  specimen  illustrated  in  fig.  3.     X7. 

7.  Sigsbeia  conifera,  upper  face.     X8. 

PLATE  15. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiomitrella  americana,  upper  face.     X6. 

2.  Ophwmitrella  americana,  under  face.     X6. 

3.  Ophiacantha  anomala,  upper  face  of  a  fairly  large  specimen.     X8. 

4.  Ophiacantha  anomala,  under  face  of  the  same.     X4. 

5.  Ophiacantha  anomala,  under  face  of  a  young  specimen.     X8. 

6.  Ophioleptoplax  atlantica,  upper  face.     X7. 

7.  Ophioleptoplax  atlantica,  under  face.     X7. 

PLATE  16. 

Fig.  1.  Ophiothrix  convoluta,  upper  face.     X4. 

2.  Ophiobyrsella  quadrispinosa,  upper  face.     X1.7. 

3.  Ophiobyrsclla  quadrispinosa,  under  face.     XL7. 

4.  Ophiologimus  secundus,  upper  tace.     X10. 

5.  Ophiologimus  secundus,  under  face.     X12. 

6.  Ophiothrix  convoluta,  upper  face  of  the  disk,  more  enlarged  than  in  fig.  1.     X7.5. 

PLATE  17. 

Fig.  1.  Astrochema  elongatum,  upper  face.     X3. 

2.  Astrochema  elongatum,  under  face  of  the  whole  animal,  slightly  reduced. 

3.  Astrochema  elongatum,  under  face,  more  enlarged.     X3. 

4.  Sigsbeia  sexradiata,  upper  face.     Xll. 

5.  Sigsbeia  sexradiata,  under  face.     Xll. 

6.  Sigsbeia  conifera,  under  face.     X8. 


146  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  18. 

Fig.  1.  Amphiura  palmeri,  under  face.     X7. 

2.  Ophiodmna  clypeata,  upper  face.     X1.6. 

3.  Amphiura  palmeri,  upper  face.     X6. 

4.  Ophioderma  elaps,  under  face.     X2.7. 

5.  Amphiura  rathbuni,  upper  face.     X7. 

6.  Ophioderma  clypeata,  under  face.     X2.7. 

7.  Amphiura  rathbuni,  under  face.     X7. 

8.  Astrochema  elongatum,  side  view  of  an  arm  near  the  base.     X3. 


U.   S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN   84     PL.   1 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAOE  143. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.  2 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  143. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.  3 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  143. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.  4 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  143. 


U.   S.    NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.  5 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  143. 


U.   S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   6 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR    EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  144. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.  7 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE   144. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84  PL.  8 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  144. 


U.   S.    NATIONAL   MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   9 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION   OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE   144. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN   84     PL.   10 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  144. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL   MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   11 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE   144. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   12 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  145. 


U.   S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   13 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  145. 


U.   S.   NATIONAL   MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   14 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR   EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE   PAGE   145. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   15 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  145. 


U.   S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   16 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  145. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   17 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE   145. 


U.   S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


BULLETIN  84     PL.   18 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FOR    EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAOE  146. 


A  SUPPLEMENTARY  LIST  OF  WEST  INDIAN  OPHIURANS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 
NATIONAL  MUSEUM  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE  LYMAN. 

These  have  not  been  examined  by  Prof.  R.  Koehler  and  consequently  are  not 
mentioned  in  the  preceding  portion  of  this  Bulletin. 

OPHIUR^E. 
Family  OPHIODERMATID^. 

OPHIODERMA  i  APPRESSA  (Say). 

Nassau,  Bahamas;  J.  I.  and  A.  R.  Northrop. 
St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

Old  Providence;  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.  Str.  Albatross. 
Caledonia  Bay,  Colombia. 

OPHIODERMA  BREVICAUDA  Liitken. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 
St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 
Caledonia  Bay,  Colombia. 

OPHIODERMA  BREVISPINA  (Say). 

Cape  Florida,  Florida;  G.  Wurdemann. 

Marco,  Florida;  J.  W.  Velie. 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 

Bahamas;  H.  Bryant. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

Sabanilla,  Colombia. 

Albatross  station  2372,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  15'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  29'  30"  W., 
27  fathoms,  g. 

Albatross  station  2407,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  84°  37' 00"  W., 
24  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

OPHIODERMA  CINEREA  Mliller  and  Troschel. 

Key  Biscayne,  Florida;  G.  Wurdemann. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

Belize,  Honduras;  W.  A.  Stanton. 

Curacao;  Albatross;  numerous  specimens  of  which  one  is  4-armed. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2168,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.:  long.  82°  20'  20"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2320,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  48"  W., 
130  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1*885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2334,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  42"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  24"  W., 
67  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

1  This  was  called  OpTtiura  by  Lvman. 

147 
6061°— Bull.  84—14—11 


148  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPH1ODEHMA  RUBICUNDA  Lutken. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

OPHIOP.EPALE  GOflsIANA  Ljungman. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2160,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  31"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  37"  W., 
167  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2161,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  28"  W., 
146  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2163,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  31"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  29"  W., 
133  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2166,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
196  fathoms,  co.,  temp.  71.9°  F. 

Albatross  station  2319,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  37"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  06"  W., 
143  fathoms,  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2320,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  48"  W., 
130  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2329,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  03"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  45"  W., 
118  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2336,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  52"  W., 
157  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

199  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2346,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

200  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2348,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
211  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOPXREN  LONGISP1NUS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2354,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  59'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  23'  45"  W., 
130  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2355,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  56'  48"  N.;  long.  86°  27'  00"  W., 
399  fathoms,  yl.  oz. 

OPH1ARACHNELLA  ANGULATA  (Lyman). 

Albatross  station  2133-2134,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  55"  to  56'  06"  N.;  long. 
75°  48'  03"  to  47'  32"  W.,  290  to  254  fathoms,  wh.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2135,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  58"  N.;  long.  75°  47'  07"  W., 
250  fathoms,  hrd.  co. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 


OPHIURANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE  LYMAN.  149 

OPHIARACHNELLA  PETERSI  (Lyman). 

Albatross  station  2320,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat,  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  48"  W., 
130  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

BATHYPECTINURA  LACERTOSA  (Lyman). 

Albatross  station  2379,  Mar.  2,  1885,  lat.  28°  00'  15"  N.;  long.  87°  42'  00"  W., 
1,467  fathoms,  yl.  oz. 

Albatross  station  2380,  Mar.  2,  1885,  lat.  28°  02'  30"  N.;  long.  87°  43'  45"  W., 
1,430  fathoms,  br.  m.;  temp.  40.1°  F. 

Albatross  station  2381,  Mar.  2,  1885,  lat.  28°  05'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  56'  15"  W., 
1,330  fathoms,  It.  br.  m. 

Albatross  station  2395,  Mar.  13,  1885,  lat.  28°  36'  15"  N.;  long.  86°  50'  00"  W., 
347  fathoms,  gy.  m.;  temp.  44.1°  F. 

Albatross  station  2396,  Mar.  13,  1885,  lat.  28°  34'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  48'  00"  W., 
335  fathoms,  gy.  m. 

Family  OPHIOLEPID^. 

OPHIOLEPIS  ELEGANS  Liitken. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2317,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  45"  W., 
45  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2318,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  00"  W., 
45  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2374,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  11'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  29'  00"  W., 

26  fathoms,  s.  g.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2388,  Mar.  4,  1885,  lat.  29°  24'  30"  N.;  long.  88°  01'  00"  Wv 
35  fathoms,  yl.  s.  bk.  sp. 

Albatross  station  2389,  Mar.  4,  1885,  lat.  29°  28'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  56'  00"  W., 

27  fathoms,  gy.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2405,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  02'  00"  W., 
30  fathoms,  gy.  s.  brk.  co. 

Albatross  station  2407,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  84°  37'  00"  W., 
24  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2410,  Mar.  18,  1885,  lat.  26°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  83°  25'  15"  W., 

28  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  s.  bk.  sp.  brk.  sh. 

OPHIOLEPIS  PAUCISPINA  (Say). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 
St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

OPHIOZONA  MARMOREA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2347,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
216  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOZONA  CLYPEATA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2338,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
189  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 


150  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPmOZONA  NIVEA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2117,  Jan.  27,  1884,  lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30"  W., 
683  fathoms,  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2152,  Apr.  30,  1884,  2£  miles  NW.  of  Havana  Light,  387 
fathoms,  co.;  temp.  49°  F. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2162,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  30"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  25"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  K;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2168,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  20"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 

230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2358,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat.  20°  19'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W., 
222  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2359,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat.  20°  19'  10"  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W., 

231  fathoms,  wh.  co.;  temp.  50.8°  F. 

OPHIOZONA  TESSELLATA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

OPHIOZONA  IMPRESSA  (LUtken). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

Curacao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2136,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  43'  40"  N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W., 
52  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2166,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
196  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  71.9°  F. 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2326,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  54"  W., 
194  fathoms,  br.  co.,  temp.  62°  F. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
204  fathoms. 


OPHIUBANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODOEE   LYMAN.  151 

Albatross  station  2336,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  52"  W., 
157  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2341,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  06"  W., 
143  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat,  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2349,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
182  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOZONA  DTJBIA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2383,  Mar.  3,  1885,  lat.  28°  32'  00"  N.;  long.  88°  06'  00"  W., 
1,181  fathoms,  br.  gn.  m.,  temp.  39.8°  F. 

OPHIERNTJS  ADSPERSTJS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2143,  Mar.  23,  1884,  lat.  9°  30'  45"  N.;  long.  76°  25'  30"  W., 
155  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

Albatross  station  2359,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat.  20°  19'  10"  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W., 
231  fathoms,  wh.  co.;  temp.  50.8°  F. 

Albatross  station  2376,  Feb.  11,  1885,  lat.  29°  03°  15"  N.;  long.  88°  16'  00"  W., 
324  fathoms,  gy.  m. ;  temp.  46.5°  F. 

Albatross  station  2394,  Mar.  13,  1885,  lat.  28°  38'  30"  N. ;  long.  87°  02'  00"  W., 
420  fathoms,  gn.  m.;  temp.  41.8°  F. 

Albatross  station  2395,  Mar.  13,  1885,  lat.  28°  36'  15"  N.;  long.  86°  50'  00"  W., 
347  fathoms,  gy.  m. ;  temp.  44.1°  F. 

OPHIERNUS  FASCICCLATTTS. 

Albatross  station  2143,  Mar.  23,  1884,  lat.  9°  30'  45"  N.;  long.  76°  25'  30"  W., 
155  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

OPmOTHYREUS  GOfiSU  Ljungman. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

199  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2341,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  06"  W., 
143  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2346,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

200  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2348,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
211  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOLEPUS  AGASSIZU  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2400,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  41'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  07'  00"  W., 
169  fathoms,  gy.  m. 

OPHIOMASTTJS  SECUNDUS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2117,  Jan.  27,  1884,  lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30"  W.> 
683  fathoms,  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F. 


152  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  ACERVATA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2140,  Mar.  11,  1884,  lat.  17°  36'  10"  N.;  long  76°  46'  05"  W 
966  fathoms,  s.;  temp.  39.7°  F. 

Albatross  station,  2317,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  45"  W. 
45  fathoms,  co. ;  temp.  75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2329,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  03"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  45"  W. 
118  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2351,  Jan.  21,  1885,  lat.  22°  41'  00"  N.;  long.  84°  16'  30"  W 
426  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2392,  Mar.  13,  1885,  lat.  28°  47'  30"  N.;  long.  87°  27'  00"  W 
724  fathoms,  br.  gy.  m. ;  temp.  40.7°  F. 

Albatross^st&tion.  2399,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  44'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  18'  00"W. 
196  fathoms,  gy.  m.;  temp.  51.6°  F. 

Albatross  station  2400,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  41'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  07'  00"  W. 
169  fathoms,  gy.  m. 

Albatross  station  2401,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  38'  30"  N.;  long.  85°52'  30"  W., 
142  fathoms,  gn.  m.  brk.  sh. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  FALCIFERA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2359,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat.  20°  19'  10"  N".;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W. 
231  fathoms,  wh.  co.;  temp.  50.8°  F. 

Albatross  station  2398,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  26'  00"  W., 
227  fathoms,  gy.  m. ;  temp.  48.6°  F. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  ^EQUALIS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2140,  Mar.  11,  1884,  lat.  17°  36'  10" N.;  long.  76°  46' 05"  W 
966  fathoms,  s. ;  temp.  39.7°  F. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  SCULPTILIS  Lyman.' 

Albatross  station  2351,  Jan.  21,  1885,  lat.  22°  41'  00"  N.:  long  84°  16'  30"  W 
426  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2393,  Mar.  13,  1885,  lat.  28°  43'  00"  N. ;  long.  87°  14'  30"  W., 
525  fathoms,  It.  gy.  m.;  temp.  41.1°  F. 

Albatross  station  2394,  Mar.  13, 1885,  lat.  28°  38'  30"  N. ;  long.  87°  02'  00"  W., 
420  fathoms,  gn.  m.;  temp.  41.8°  F. 

OPHIOGLYPHA  TENERA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2127,  Feb.  25,  1884,  lat.  19°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  75°  04'  00"  W., 
1,639  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

OPmOMUSIUM  EBDHNEUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2130,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  25"  N.;  long.  75°  49'  49"  W., 
175  fathoms,  gy.  m.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2314,  Jan.  5,  1885,  lat.  32°  43'  00"  N.;  long.  77°  51'  00"  W., 
159  fathoms,  crs.  s.  bk.  sp.  brk.  sh.;  temp.  47.4°  F. 

Albatross  station  2320,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  48"  W., 
130  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

Albatross  station  2398,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  26'  00"  W., 
227  fathoms,  gy.  m. ;  temp.  48.6°  F. 

1  Labeled  Ophioglypha  variabilit  Lyman. 


OPHIURANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE  LYMAN.  153 

OPHIOMtTSIUM  SERRATUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2324,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  25"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  24"  W., 
33  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  79.1°  F. 

Albatross  station  2343,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  35"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  25"  W., 
279  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

Albatross  station  2347,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
216  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  PLANUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2127,  Feb.  25,  1884,  lat.  19°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  75°  04'  00"  W., 
1,639  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

Albatross  station  2341,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  06"  W., 
143  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  ACUFERUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.j  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
204  fathoms. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  VALIDUM  Ljungman. 

Albatross  station  2117,  Jan.  27,  1884,  lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30"  W., 
683  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2118,  Jan.  28,  1884,  lat.  13°  32'  40"  N.;  long.  62°  54'  00"  W., 
690  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2129,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  04"  N.;  long.  75°  48'  55"  W., 
274  fathoms,  bu.  m.  fne.  s. 

Albatross  station  2133,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  55"  N.;  long.  75°  48'  03"  W., 
290  fathoms,  wh.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2140,  Mar.  11, 1884,  lat.  17°  36'  10"  N.;  long.  76°  46'  05"  W., 
966  fathoms,  s.;  temp.  39.7°  F. 

Albatross  station  2143,  Mar.  23,  1884,  lat.  9°  30'  45"  N.;  long.  76°  25'  30"  W., 
155  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327;  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2351,  Jan.  21,  1885,  lat.  22°  41 '  00"  N.;  long.  84°  16'  30"  W., 
426  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2384,  Mar.  3,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  88°  15'  30"  W., 
940  fathoms,  br.  gy.  m.;  temp.  39.6°  F. 


154  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOMUS1DM  TESTUDO  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2135,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  58"  N.;  long.  75°  47'  07"  W 
250  fathoms,  hrd.  co. 

Albatross  station  2152,  Apr.  30,  1884,  2*  miles  NW.  of  Havana  I>ht    387 
fathoms,  co.;  temp.  49°  F. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W. 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N  •  lonsr  82°  17'  U"  W 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W 
204  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N  •  lone  8*?°  •>()'  21 "  W 

199  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2338,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W 
189  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2341,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  06"  W. 
143  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2346,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N  •  Ions  8?°  20'  21 "  W 

200  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2359,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat.  20°  19'  10"  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W. 
231  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

Family  AMPHIUEID^E. 

OPHIOSTIGMA  ISACANTHUM  (Say). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross;  one  specimen  with  6  arms. 
St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 
Curacao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2362,  Jan.  30,  1885,  lat.  22°  08'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  53'  30"  W. 

25  fathoms,  co.  s. 

Albatross  station  2405,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  02'  00"  W 
30  fathoms,  gy.  s.  brk.  co. 

Albatross  station  2406,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  46'  00"  N.jlong.  84°  49'  00"  W. 

26  fathoms,  crs.  s.  co. 

HEMIPHOLIS  ELONGATA  (Say).i 

South  Carolina;  J.  D.  Kurtz. 
Trinidad;  Albatross. 

OPHIACTIS  SAVIGNYI  (Muller  and  Troschel). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 
St.  Thomas ;  Albatross. 
Curacao;  Albatross. 

OPHIACTIS  MttLtERI  LUtken. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W. 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2405,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  02'  00"  W. 
30  fathoms,  gy.  s.  brk.  co. 

1  Labeled  by  Lyman,  Hcmipholis  cordifera  Lyman. 


OPHIUBANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE  LYMAN.  155 

OPHIACTIS  PLANA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2389,  Mar.  4,  1885,  lat.  29°  28'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  56'  00"  W., 
27  fathoms,  gy.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2390,  Mar.  4,  1885,  lat.  29°  27'  30"  N.;  long.  87°  48'  30"  W., 
30  fathoms,  crs.  s.  bk.  sp.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2406,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  46'  00"  N. ;  long.  84°  49'  00"  W., 
26  fathoms,  crs.  s.  co. 

OPHIACTIS  KREBSII  LUtken. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  II.  Riise. 

AMPHILIMNA  OLIVACEA  (Lyman).' 

Albatross  station  2121-2122,  Feb.  3,  1884,  lat.  10°  37'  00"  N.;  long.  61°  44' 
22"  W.,  34  fathoms,  dk.  slate  col.  m.;  temp.  67°  F.  and  73°  F. 

Albatross  station  2145,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  27'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  54'  00"  W., 
25  fathoms,  gn.  m.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2401,  Mar.  14,  1885,  lat.  28°  38'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  52'  30"  W., 

142  fathoms,  gn.  m.  brk.  sh. 

OPHIONEREIS  RETICULATA  (Say). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

Curacao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2323,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  51"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  03"  W., 
163  fathoms,  wh.  br.  co. 

Albatross  station  2330,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  15"  W., 
121  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  co. 

OPHIOPLAX  LJUNGMANI  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2319,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  37"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  06"  W., 

143  fathoms,  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2320,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  48"  W., 
130  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOPSILA  RIISEI  Lfltken. 

Cape  Florida,  Florida;  G.  Wurdemann. 

Albatross  station  2136,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  43'  40"  N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W., 
52  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2146,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  32'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W., 
34  fathoms,  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2323,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  51"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  03"  W., 
163  fathoms,  wh.  br.  co. 

'  Labeled  by  Lyman,  Ophiocnida  olivacea. 


156  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

AMPHIURA  OTTER!  Ljungman. 

Albatross  station  2329,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  03"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  45"  W., 
118  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

AMPHIURA  GRANDISQUAMA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2320,  Jan.  17.  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.:  long.  82°  18'  48"  W., 
130  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

AMPHIURA  SEMIERMIS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2317,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  45"  W., 
45  fathoms,  co. 

AMPHIURA  LIMBATA  (Grube.) 

Sabanilla,  Colombia;  Albatross. 

AMPHIURA  RIISEI  LUtken. 

Albatross  station  2142,  Mar.  23,  1884,  lat.  9°  30'  15"  N.;  long.  76°  20'  30"  W., 
42  fathoms,  gn.  m.  s. 

Albatross  station  2145,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  27'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  54'  00"  W., 
25  fathoms,  gn.  m.  brk.  sh. 

AMPHIURA  INCISA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2144,  Mar.  25,  1884,  lat.  9°  49'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  31'  30"  W., 
896  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

Albatross  station  2384,  Mar.  3,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  88°  15'  30"  W., 
940  fathoms,  br.  gy.  m.;  temp.  39.6°  F. 

AMPHIURA  REPENS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2362,  Jan.  30,  1885,  lat.  22°  08'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  53'  30"  W., 
25  .fathoms,  co.  s. 

Albatross  station  2372,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  15'  30"  N. ;  long.  85°  29'  30"  W., 
27  fathoms,  g. 

Albatross  station  2373,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  14'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  29'  15"  W., 
25  fathoms,  co. 

AMPHIURA  DUPLICATA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2117,  Jan.  27,  1884,  lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30"  W., 
683  fathoms,  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2351,  Jan.  21,  1885,  lat.  22°  41'  00"  N.;  long.  84°  16'  30"  W., 
426  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2383,  Mar.  3,  1885,  lat.  28°  32'  00"  N.;  long.  88°  06'  00"  W., 
1,181  fathoms,  br.  gn.  m.;  temp.  39.8°  F. 

AMPHIPHOLIS  SQUAMATA  (Delle  ChlajeJ.i 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Kiise. 

Family  OPHIACANTHID^. 

OPHIACANTHA  STELLATA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2331,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  31"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  55"  W., 
114  fathoms,  co. 

i  Labeled  by  Lyman,  A  mphiura  tenera  Lutken. 


OPHIUBANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE   LYMAN.  157 

OPHIACANTHA  ASPERA  Lyman. 

Off  Havana,  Cuba;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 

230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
199  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIACANTHA  TROSCHELI  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2354,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  59'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  23'  45"  W., 
130  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIACANTHA  (OPHIOPRISTIS)  HIRSUTA  Lyman/ 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
204  fathoms. 

OPHIACANTHA  (OPHIOTRETA)  SERTATA  Lyman.  2 

Albatross  station  2359,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat,  20°  19'  10"  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W., 

231  fathoms,  wh.  co.;  temp.  50.8°  F. 

OPHIOLIMNA  MIXTA  (Lyman).' 

Albatross  station  2136,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  43'  40"  N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W., 
52  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2156,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  35"  N.;  long.  82°  21'  55"  W., 
278  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2333,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  12"  W., 
169  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2334,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  42"  N".;  long.  82°  18'  24"  W., 
67  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
204  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
199  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2338,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
189  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2349,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
182  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2353,  Jan.  22,  1885,  laf.  20°  59'  00"  N.;  long.  86°  23'  00"  W., 
167  fathoms,  co. 

1  Labeled  by  Lyman,  Ophiacantha  Kirsuta. 
>  Labeled  by  Lyman,  Ophiacantha  sertala. 
'  Labeled  by  Lyman,  Ophiochoeta  mixtit. 


158  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  2354,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  59'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  23'  45"  W., 
130  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOMITRA  VALIDA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2129,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  04"  N.;  long.  75°  48'  55"  W., 
274  fathoms,  bti.  m.  fne.  s. 

Albatross  station  2152,  Apr.  30,  1884,  2J  miles  NW.  of  Havana  Light,  387 
fathoms,  co.;  temp.  49°  F. 

Albatross  station  2153,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  19"  N.;  long.  82°  23'  10"  W., 
283  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  55.8°  F. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  stations  2162,  2164,  2167,  Apr.  30  to  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  30"- 
40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  25 "-30"  W.,  122-201  falhoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2169,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  28"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  27"  W., 
78  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  JST.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
204  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2347,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
216  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOMITRA  EXIGUA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOMITRA  CHELYS  (Wyvffle  Thomson). 

Albatross  station  2117,  Jan.  27,  1884,  lat.  15°  24'  40"  N.;  long.  63°  31'  30"  W., 
683  fathoms,  yl.  m.  fne.  s.;  temp.  39.75°  F. 

OPHIOMITRA  DIPSACOS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2355,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  56'  48"  N.;  long.  86°  27'  00"  W., 
399  fathoms,  yl.  oz. 

OPHIOCAMAX  HISTRIX  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2130,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  25"  N.;  long.  75°  49'  49"  W., 
175  fathoms,  gy.  m.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2134,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  06"  N.;  long.  75°  47'  32"  W., 
254  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2135,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  58"  N.;  long.  75°  47'  07"  W., 
250  fathoms,  hrd.  co. 

Albatross  station  2143,  Mar.  23,  1884,  lat.  9°  30'  45"  N.;  long.  76°  25'  30"  W., 
155  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

Albatross  station  2152,  Apr.  30,  1884,  2£  miles  NW.  of  Havana  Light,  387 
fathoms,  co.;  temp.  49°  F. 

Albatross  station  2157,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  04"  N.;  long.  82°  21'  07"  W., 
29  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 


OPHIUBANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE   LYMAN.  159 

Albatross  station  2161,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat,  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  28"  W., 
146  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2162,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  30"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  25"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2164,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  29"  W., 
192  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2169,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  28"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  27"  W., 
78  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2341,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  06"  W., 
143  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2350,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat,  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
213  fathoms,  co. 

Family  OPHIOCOMID^E. 

OPHIOCOMA  ECHINATA  (Lamarck). 

Nassau,  Bahamas;  J.  I.  and  A.  R.  Northrop. 

Tortugas,  Florida;  D.  W.  Whitehurst. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

Old  Providence;  Albatross. 

Cozumel;  Albatross. 

Curacao;  Albatross. 

OPHIOCOMA  RIISEI  LUtken. 

Florida  Keys;  Suckley,  Sternbergh,  and  Rowell. 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

Belize,  Honduras;  W.  A.  Stanton. 

Curapao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2146,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  32'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W., 
34  fathoms,  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.:  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2168,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  20"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2323,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  51"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  03"  W., 
163  fathoms,  wh.  br.  co. 


160  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOCOMA  PUMH.A  Liitken. 

Nassau,  Bahamas;  J.  I.  and  A.  R.  Northrop. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

Belize,  Honduras;  W.  A.  Stanton. 

Curasao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2168,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  20"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2324,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  25"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  24"  W., 
33  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  79.1°  F. 

Family  OPHIOTHRICID^. 

OPHIOTHRIX  ANGULATA  (Say). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 

Jamaica;  Albatross. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise.1 

Old  Providence;  Albatross. 

Curacao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2120,  Jan.  30,  1884,  lat.  11°  07'  00"  N.;  long.  62°  14'  30"  W., 
73  fathoms,  bu.  m. 

Albatross  station  2136,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  43'  40"  N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W., 
52  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 

23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2160,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  31"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  37"  W., 
167  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2168,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  20"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2315,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  26'  00"  N.;  long.  81°  48'  15"  W., 
37  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2317,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  45"  W., 
45  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2362,  Jan.  30,  1885,  lat.  22°  08'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  53'  30"  W., 
25  fathoms,  co.  s. 

Albatross  station  2363,  Jan.  30,  1885,  lat.  22°  07'  30"  N.;  long.  87°  06'  00"  W., 
21  fathoms,  wh.  r.  co. 

Albatross  station  2365,  Jan.  30,  1885,  lat.  22°  18'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  04'  00"  W., 

24  fathoms,  wh.  r.  co. 

1  Lyman  had  labeled  7  specimens,  Ophiottiriz  violacea. 


OPHTURANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODOEE  LYMAN.  161 

Albatross  station  2366,  Jan.  30,  1885,  lat.  22°  28'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  02'  00"  W., 
27  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2370,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  18'  15"  N.;  long.  85°  32'  00"  W., 

25  fathoms,  crs.  gy.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2371,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  17'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  30'  45"  W., 

26  fathoms,  crs.  gy.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2372,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  15'  30"  N.;  long.  85°  29'  30"  W., 

27  fathoms,  g. 

Albatross  station  2373,  Feb.  7,  1885,  lat.  29°  14'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  29'  15"  W., 

25  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2387,  Mar.  4,  1885,  lat.  29°  24'  00"  N.;  long.  88°  04'  00"  W., 
32  fathoms,  s.  g.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2405,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  85°  02'  00"  W., 
30  fathoms,  gy.  s.  brk.  co. 

Albatross  station  2406,  Mar.  15,  1885,  lat.  28°  46'  00"  N.;  long.  84°  49'  00"  W., 

26  fathoms,  crs.  s.  co. 

Albatross  station  2408,  Mar.  16,  1885,  lat.  28°  28'  00"  N.;  long.  84°  25'  00"  W., 
21  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2411,  Mar.  18,  1885,  lat.  26°  33'  30"  N.;  long.  83°  15'  30"  W., 

27  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  s.  bk.  sp. 

Albatross  station  2412,  Mar.  19,  1885,  lat.  26°  18'  30"  N.;  long.  83°  08'  45"  W., 
27  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  s.  bk.  sp.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2413,  Mar.  19,  1885,  lat.  26°  00'  00"  N.;  long.  82°  57'  30"  W., 
24  fathoms,  fne.  s.  bk.  sp.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2418,  Apr.  2,  1885,  lat.  33°  20'  00"  N.;  long.  77°  05'  00"  W., 
90  fathoms,  gy.  s.;  temp.  65.8°  F. 

OPHIOTHRIX  CERSTEDII  Mtken. 

San  Antonio,  Cuba;  Albatross. 
St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

OPHIOTHRIX  LINEATA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  24 11,  Mar.  18,  1885,  lat.  26°  33' 30"  N.;  long.  83°  15' 30"  W., 
27  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  s.  bk.  sp. 

OPHIOTHRIX  STJENSONII  Liitken. 

St.  Thomas,  A.  H.  Riise. 

Carthagena,  Colombia;  A.  Schott. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  20,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2146,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  32'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  54'  30"  W., 
34  fathoms,  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2354,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  59'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  23'  45"  W., 
130  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2414,  Mar.  19,  1885,  lat.  25°  04'30"N.;  long.  82°  59'  15"  W.. 
26  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  s.  brk.  sh. 


162  BULLETIN  84,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Family  OPHIOSCOLECID^. 

OPHIOSCIASMA  GRANULATUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2136,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  43'  40"  N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W., 
52  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2161,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  28"  W., 
146  fathoms,  co. 

OPHIOGERON  SUPINUS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2343,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  35"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  25"  W., 
279  fathoms,  fne.  co. 

Family  OPHIOCHONDRID^E. 

OPHIOCHONDRUS  CONVOLUTUS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2152,  Apr.  30,  1884,  2£  miles  NW.  of  Havana  Light,  387 
fathoms,  co.;  temp.  49°  F. 

OPHIOCHONDRUS  CRASSISPINUS  Lyman. 

-Albatross  station  2152,  Apr.  30,  1884,  2£  miles  NW.  of  Havana  Light,  387 
fathoms,  co.;  temp.  49°  F. 

Family  OPHIOMYXID^E. 

OPHIOMYXA  FLACCIDA  (Say). 

Key  West,  Florida;  Albatross. 

Tortugas,  Florida;  D.  W.  Whitehurst. 

St.  Thomas;  A.  H.  Riise. 

St.  Thomas;  Albatross. 

Curacao;  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2146,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  32'  00"  N.:  long.  79°  54'  30"  W., 
34  fathoms,  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2147,  Apr.  2,  1884,  lat.  9°  32'  20"  N.;  long.  79°  54'  45"  W., 
34  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  78.5°  F. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2333,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.:  long.  82°  19'  12"  W., 
169  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

OPHIOMYXA  TUMIDA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2162,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  30"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  25"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2316,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  30"  N.;  long.  81°  47'  45"  W., 
50  fathoms;  temp.  74°  F. 

Albatross  station  2317,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  45"  W., 
45  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2318,  Jan.  15,  1885,  lat.  24°  25'  45"  N.;  long.  81°  46'  00"  W., 
45  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  75°  F. 

Albatross  station  2321,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.:  long.  82°  18'  00"  W., 
230  fathoms,  fne.  gy,  s. 


OPHIUBANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODORE  LYMAX.  163 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2327,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  11'  45"  N.;  long.  82  °  17'  54"  W., 
182  fathoms,  fne.  br.  s. 

Albatross  station  2330,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  15"  W., 

121  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

199  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2346,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

200  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2347,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
216  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2348,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
211  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2358,  Jan.  29,  1885,  lat.  20°  19'  00"  N.;  long.  87°  03'  30"  W., 
222  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2415,  Apr.  1,  1885,  lat.  30°  44'  00"  N.;  long.  79°  26'  00"  W., 
440  fathoms,  co.  crs.  s.  sh.  for. 

OPHIOBYRSA  SERPENS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2162,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  30"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  25"  W., 

122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2166,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
196  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  71.9°  F. 

Albatross  station  2331,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  31"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  55"  W., 
114  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2333,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  12"  W., 
169  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

Family  OPHIOBRACHIONTIDyE. 

OPH1OBRACHION  TJNCINATUS  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2319,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  37"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  06"  W., 
143  fathoms,  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2346,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
200  fathoms,  co. 

Family  HEMIEURYALID^. 

S1GSBEIA  MURRHINA  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2120,  Jan.  30,  1884,  lat,  11°  07'  00"  N.;  long.  62°  14'  30"  W., 
73  fathoms,  bu.  m. 

Albatross  station  2136,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  43'  40"  N.;  long.  75°  38'  25"  W., 
52  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

6061°— Bull.  84—14 12 


164  BULLETIN  84,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  2138,  Feb.  29,  1884,  lat.  17°  44'  05"  N.;  long.  75°  39'  00"  W., 
23  fathoms,  co.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2157,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  04"  N.;  long.  82°  21'  07"  W., 
29  fathoms. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2161,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N. ;  long.  82°  20'  28"  W., 
146  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2164,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  29"  W., 
192  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2167,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  30"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2168,  May  1,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  20"  W., 
122  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2324,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  25"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  24"  W., 
33  fathoms,  co.;  temp.  79.1°  F. 

Albatross  station  2330,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  15"  W., 
121  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2333,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  12"  W., 
169  fathoms,  fne.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2334,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  42"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  24"  W., 
67  fathoms,  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2336,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  18'  52"  W., 
157  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2337,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

199  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2338,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
189  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2342,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
201  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2345,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
184  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  wh.  co. 

Albatross  station  2346,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 

200  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2347,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
2 16' fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2348,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
211  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2349,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
182  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2354,  Jan.  22,  1885,  lat.  20°  59'  30"  N.;  long.  86°  23'  45"  W., 
130  fathoms,  co. 


OPHIUBANS  IDENTIFIED  BY  THEODOBE  LYMAST.  165 

EURYALvE. 
Family  ASTROCHEMHXE. 

ASTROCHEMA  OLIGACTES  (Pallas). 

Albatross  station  2129,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  04"  N.;  long.  75°  48'  55"  W., 
274  fathoms,  bu.  m.  fne.  s. 

Albatross  station  2133,  2134,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  55"  to  56'  06"  N.;  long. 
75°  48'  03"  to  47'  32"  W.,  254-290  fathoms,  wh.  s.  brk.  sh. 

Albatross  station  2135,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  55'  58"  N.;  long.  75°  47'  07"  W., 
250  fathoms,  hrd.  co. 

Albatross  station  2159,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  08"  W., 
98  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2323,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  51"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  03"  W., 
163  fathoms,  wh.  br.  co. 

Albatross  station  2347,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
216  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2348,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
211  fathoms,  co. 

ASTROCHEMA  L.EVE  (Lyman). 

Albatross  station  2131,  Feb.  27,  1884,  lat.  19°  56'  44"  N.;  long.  75°  50'  49"  W., 
202  fathoms,  hrd.  crs.  s. 

Albatross  station  2330,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  15"  W., 
121  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2349,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
182  fathoms,  co. 

ASTROCHEMA  TENTJE  Lyman. 

Off  Havana,  Cuba,  Albatross. 

Albatross  station  2322,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  54"  N.;  long.  82°  17'  45"  W., 
115  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2330,  Jan.  17,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  48"  N.;  long.  82°  19'  15"  W., 
121  fathoms,  fne.  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2332,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  38"  N.;  long.  82" 20'  06"  W., 
156  fathoms,  wh.  gy.  co. 

Albatross  station  2335,  Jan.  19,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  39"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  21"  W., 
204  fathoms. 

ASTROCHEMA  BRACHIATUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2127,  Feb.  25,  1884,  lat.  19°  45'  00"  N.;  long.  75°  04'  00"  W., 
1,639  fathoms,  gn.  m. 

ASTROCHEMA  INTECTUM  Lyman. 

Albatross  station  2161,  Apr.  30,  1884,  lat.  23°  10'  36"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  28"  W., 
146  fathoms,  co. 

Albatross  station  2349,  Jan.  20,  1885,  lat.  23°  10'  40"  N.;  long.  82°  20'  15"  W., 
182  fathoms,  co. 


INDEX. 


Page. 

abdita,  Amphioplus 2,  71 

AmpMura 59,  71 

abyssoram,  Ophioglypha 18 

acanthinus,  Ophiophryxus 127 

Acanthogorgia  fusca 122 

acervata,  Opliioglypha 152 

acrystata,  Amphiura 50 

acuferum,  Ophiomueium 153 

aculeata,  Ophiacantha 2,  74,  85, 86,  94, 144 

Ophiopholis 2, 38 

adspersus,  Ophiernue 151 

sequalis,  Ophioglypha 162 

affinis,  Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta) 2,  99,  145 

agassizii,  Ophiolipus 151 

alatum,  Ophiomidas 33 

alberti,  Ophiotrema 113, 114, 145 

alexandri,  Ophiocoma 3, 116 

americana,  Ophiomitrella. , 2,  73, 103,  145 

Amphilepis  norvegica 2,  42 

Amphilimna  olivacea 2, 43,  166 

Amphiodia 68 

atra 69 

cordifera 68 

^Amphiodia)  cordifera,  Amphiura 39, 40 

Amphiodia  erecta 2,  67,  144 

lutkeni 2,  68,  69, 144 

pulchella 2,  70 

riiaei 68, 69, 144 

Amphioplus  abdita 2,  71 

cuneata 2,  71 

Amphipholis 40 

cordifera 40 

gracillima 2, 66 

kinbergi 52 

lutkeni 69, 70 

gquamata 2, 52, 66,  166 

tenuispina 2, 66 

Amphipsila  maculata 45 

Amphiura 47, 56, 61, 66 

abdita 59, 71 

acrystata 50 

(Amphiodia)  cordifera 39, 40 

bihamula 58, 59 

complanata 2, 50,  59, 143 

cordifera 39, 40 


Page. 

Amphiura  cuneata 71 

diducta 2, 65,  144 

duplicata 156 

elongata 39 

erecta 67,69 

fibulata 2,66,64,  65,144 

flexuosa 2,  45,  49,  51,  52,  55, 58, 143 

gracillima 66 

grandisquama 2,  63,  156 

incisa 156 

kinbergi 47,48,52,53 

kinbergiensis 2, 49,  52,  56, 143 

kukenthali 2,69,64 

latispina. ...   2, 47, 48,  51,  52,  54,  55, 143 

limbata 166 

lutkeni 69 

macilenta 71 

magellanica 2,  65 

otteri 2,  61, 144, 156 

palmeri 2,  45, 48, 52,  54,  65, 58, 14& 

pulchella 70 

rathbuni 2,50, 146 

repens 166 

riisei 39,  40, 156 

semiermia 47, 49, 156 

squamata 66 

stimpsoni 2,  59,  64,  144 

tenera 156 

tenuiepina 66 

wundermani 42 

Amphiuridffi 2,38,60,154 

angulata,  Ophiarachnella 1,  9,  148 

Ophiothrix 3, 118,  160 

Pectinura 9 

anomala,  Ophiacantha 2,  73,  77, 145 

antillarum,  Ophioderma 6 

appressa,  Ophioderma 1,  3,  147 

arcticus,  Ophiopus 32, 141 

arenosum,  Astrochema 138 

aristata,  Ophiacantlia 108 

armatus,  Ophiochondrus 3, 129, 145 

Ophioplus 129 

armigerum,  Ophiomusium 2,  31, 143 

aspera,  Ophiacautha 2,  80, 157 

asperula,  Ophiactis 2,  40 

167 


168 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Asterias  cordifera 39 

Astrochema  arcnosum 138 

brachiatum 165 

clavigerum 139 

elongatum 3,  137, 145, 146 

inornatum 139 

intectum 139,165 

Iseve 165 

nuttingii 139 

oligactes 165 

tenue 165 

Astrochemidse 3, 137, 165 

atlantica,  Ophioleptoplax 3, 124, 145 

atra,  Amphiodia 69 

austera,  Ophiocamax 3, 114 

bartletti,  Ophiopora 3,  111 

Bathypectinura  lacertosa 149 

tessellata 1,9 

bidentata,  Ophiacantha 2, 73,  75,  80, 85, 94, 144 

bihamula,  Amphiura 58, 59 

brachiatum,  Astrochema 165 

brevicauda,  Ophioderma 1, 4, 147 

brevispina,  Ophioderma 1, 4, 147 

cervicornis,  Ophiacantha 98 

chelys,  Ophiomitra.  .•. 158 

cinerea,  Ophioderma 1, 6, 147 

clavigerum,  Astrochema 139 

clypeata,  Ophioderma 1, 7, 146 

Ophiozona 149 

complanata,  Amphiura 2, 50,  59, 143 

composita,  Ophiacantha 94 

compta,  Ophiozona  nivea  var 2, 11 

conifera,  Sigsbeia 3, 138,136,145 

convexa,  Ophioglypha 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 143 

convoluta,  Ophiothrix 3, 122, 145 

convolutus,  Ophiochondrus 129, 162 

cordifera,  Amphiodia 68 

Amphipholis 40 

Amphiura 39, 40 

Amphiura  (Amphiodia) 39, 40 

Asterias 39 

Hemipholis 39,154 

coronata,  Ophioglypha 2, 12, 143 

crassispina,  Ophiocoma 117 

crassispinus,  Ophiochondrus 129, 162 

cuneata,  Amphioplus 2,  71 

Amphiura 71 

cuspidata,  Ophiacantha 72 

danielsseni,  Platycaulis 103, 127 

diducta,  Amphiura 2,  66, 144 

dipsacos,  Ophiomitra 168 

dispar,  Ophiactis 2,  40 

divisa,  Ophioglypha 18 

dubia,  Ophiozona 33, 151 


Page. 

duplicata,  Amphiura 156 

Ophiactis 2, 40 

eburneum,  Ophiomusiuru 2,  24,  152 

var.  elegans,  Ophiomusium 24,26 

echinata,  Ophiocoma 3,  117, 159 

cchinulata,  Ophiacantha 2,  81 

echinulatus,  Ophioscalus 81 

elaps,  Ophioderma 7,8, 143,  146 

elegans,  Ophiolepis 2,9,  149 

Ophiomusium  eburneum  var 24,26 

elevata,  Ophioglypha 2,16,143 

elongata,  Amphiura 39 

Hemipholis 2, 39,  164 

Ophiolepis 39 

Ophiura 39 

elongatum,  Astrochema 3, 137, 145, 146 

enopla,  Ophiacantha 2,  83 

ensifera,  Ophiopristis 99, 100, 101 

erecta,  Amphiodia 2,  67,  144 

Amphiura 67, 69 

EuryalsB 165 

exigiia,  Ophiomitra 158 

falcifera,  Ophioglypha 2, 17,  152 

fasciculata,  Ophiocamax 3, 1 14 

Ophioglypha 2, 17 

fasciculatus,  Ophiernus 151 

fibulata,  Amphiura. 2,  66, 64,  65, 144 

filograna,  Stylaster 133 

filogranea,  Ophiocnida • 2, 42, 43 

flabellum,  Ophiomisidium 32, 33, 34 

Ophiomusium 32 

flaccida,  Ophiomyxa 3,  132, 162 

flexuosa,  Amphiura 2,  45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 58, 143 

fragilis,  Ophiothrix 123 

fraterna,  Ophiacantha 2,  77,  83,  91, 144 

fusca,  Acanthogorgia 122 

glacialis,  Ophioscolex 3, 124 

globulifera,  Ophiomitrella 104 

goesiana,  Ophiopsepale 148 

goesii,  Ophiothyreus 151 

gracilis,  Ophiochondrus 129 

Ophiotrema 3,  112,  145 

gracillima,  Amphipholis 2.  66 

Amphiura 66 

grandis,  Ophiochiton 3, 116 

Ophioglypha 18, 19, 20 

grandisquama,  Amphiura 2, 63, 166 

granulatum,  Ophiosciasma 162 

granulatus,  Ophiochondrus 3, 127, 

129, 130, 131, 145 

granulifera,  Ophiacantha 2,  86, 144 

granulosum,  Ophiomusium 28 

hastatum,  Ophiocten 2,  23, 37, 124 

Hemieuryalidse 3, 133, 163 


INDEX. 


169 


Page. 

Hemilepis 49,  52 

Hemipholis  cordifera 39, 154 

elongate 2,39,154 

hexactis,  Ophiologimus 115, 116 

Ophiura 117 

hirsuta,  Ophiacantha 157 

Ophiacantha  (Ophiopristis) 157 

honorata,  Pectinura 9 

hystricis,  Ophiobyrsella 127 

hystrix,  Ophiocamax 158 

improssa,  Ophiozona 2. 11,  150 

incisa,  Amphiura 156 

inornata,  Ophioglypha 2, 18 

inornatum,  Astrochema 139 

intectum,  Astrochema 139,  165 

involuta,  Ophioglypha 18, 19 

irrorata,  Ophioglypha 2,18,143 

isacanthum,  Ophiostigma 2,  38,  59,  164 

januarii,  Ophioderma 6 

kinbergi,  Amphipholis 52 

Amphiura 47,  48,  52,  53 

kinbergiensis,  Amphiura 2,  49,  52,  56, 143 

krebsii,  Ophiactis 155 

kukenthali,  Amphiura 2,  59,  64 

lacertosa,  Bathypectinura 149 

laeve,  Astrochema 165 

Isevipellis,  Ophiacantha 106 

Ophiomitrella 2,  106, 145 

latispina,  Amphiura 2, 47, 48,  51,  52,  54,  55, 143 

lepida,  Ophioglypha 2,20, 143 

var.  spinulosa,  Ophioglypha 20 

levis,  Ophiomitrella 2, 106, 144 

limbata,  Amphiura 156 

lineata,  Ophiacantha 2,  87 

Ophiothrix 3,120,  161 

Sigsbeia 135 

lineolata,  Ophiacantha 102 

littoralis,  Ophiolimna 3,  96,  111 

ljungmani,  Ophioglypha 2,  20,  21 

Ophioplax 155 

longispinus,  Ophiopyren 148 

loveni,  Ophiocnida 2,  42,  143 

Ophiophragmus 42 

lutkeni,  Amphiodia 2,68,69, 144 

Amphipholis 69,  70 

Amphiura 69 

Ophiocnida 42 

lymani,  Ophioglypha 2,  22 

Ophiomusium 2, 19,  26 

macilenta,  Amphiura 71 

maculata,  Amphipsila 45 

Ophiopsila 2,  45 

magellanica,  Amphiura 2,  65 

marmorea,  Ophiozona 149 


Page. 

megapora,  Ophioleptoplax 125 

moridionalis,  Ophiacantha 2,  77, 88, 90,  91, 144 

minima,  Ophioleda 3,  111 

mirabilis,  Ophiomyces 2,  72, 143 

mixta,  Ophiochceta 157 

Ophiolimna 96, 157 

mulleri,  Ophiactis 2, 41, 164 

mundata,  Ophioglypha 18 

murrhina,  Sigsbeia 133, 135, 163 

nivea,  Ophiozona 150 

var.  compta,  Ophiozona 2, 11 

nodosa,  Ophiacantha 77,  79,  80 

norvegica,  Amphilepis 2, 42 

nuttingii,  Astrochema 139 

occlusa,  Ophioplinthaca Ill 

cerstedii,  Ophiothrix 3, 121,  161 

oligactes,  Astrochema 165 

olivacea,  Amphilimna 2,  43,  155 

Ophiocnida 43, 155 

olivaceum,  Ophiura 4 

Ophiacantha 73,  78, 81, 108 

aculeata 2,  74, 85,  86,  94, 144 

anomala 2,  73,  77, 145 

aristata 108 

aspera 2,  80, 157 

bidentata 2,  73, 75, 80, 85, 94, 144 

cervicornis 98 

composita 94 

cuspidata 72 

echinulata 2,  81 

enopla 2,  88 

fraterna 2,77,83,91,144 

granulifera 2,86,144 

hirsuta 157 

Isevipellis 106 

lineata 2,87 

lineolata 102 

meridionalis 2,  77, 88, 90, 91, 144 

nodosa 77,  79, 80 

(Ophiopristis)  hirsuta 157 

permixta...  2,96,144 

(Ophiotreta)  affinis 2,  99, 145 

sertata 2, 102,157 

valenciennesi 2,  99, 

101, 102 

pectinula 81,82 

pentacrinus .  2, 86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 144 

placentigera 100 

scolopendrica 73 

segesta 72 

sertata 102,157 

species 91, 144 

spectabilis 78 

stellata...  156 


170 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Ophiacantha  troscheli 73,  156 

tuberculosa 73 

varispina 72 

vepratica 2,  94, 145 

vivipara 2,  96 

Ophkcaathelk 73 

Ophiacanthidse 2.  72, 156 

Ophiactis  asperula 2,  40 

dispar 2,40 

duplicata 2.  40 

krebsii 1 156 

mulleri 2,  41,  154 

pkna 155 

eavignyi 2,  41, 164 

Ophiarachnelk  angulata 1,9, 148 

petersi 149 

Ophiectodia 73,  81,  82 

pectinuk 83 

Ophientodia 73,75,79,81 

Ophientrema 73 

Ophiernus  adspersus 151 

fasciculatus 151 

Ophiobrachion  uncinatus 163 

Ophiobrachiontidse 163 

Ophiobyrsa 127 

eerpens 163 

Ophiobyrsella 127 

hystricis 127 

quadrispinosa 3,  125, 145 

serpens 127 

Ophiocamax  austera 3, 114 

fascicukta 3,  114 

hystrix 168 

Ophiocbiton  grandis 3, 116 

Ophiochceta  mixta 157 

Ophiochondrelk 129 

squamosa 129 

Ophiochondridse 3, 127, 162 

Ophiochondrus 129 

armatus 3,129,145 

convolutus 129, 162 

crassispinus 129,162 

gracilis 129 

granuktus..  3,  127,129, 130, 131, 145 

squamosus 129 

stelliger 129 

Ophiocnida  filogranea 2,  42,  43 

loveni 2,42, 143 

lutkeni 42 

olivacea 43, 155 

scabriuscula 2,  43 

Ophiocoma  alexandri 3, 116 

crassispina 117 

echinata 3,  117,  159 


Ophiocoma  pumila 3, 117,  160 

riisei 3, 118,  159 

scolopendrina 117 

Ophiocomidse 3, 116, 159 

Ophiocten  hastatum 2,  37, 124 

Ophiodera  stimpsonii 3, 132 

Ophiodermaantillarum 6 

appressa 1,8, 147 

brevicauda 1,  4,  147 

brevispina 1,  4,  147 

cinerea 1,  6,  9, 147 

clypeata 1,  7, 146 

elaps 7,8,143,146 

januarii 6 

rubicunda 1,  7, 148 

species 1,  8, 143 

variegata 1,7 

virescens 3 

Ophiodermatidae 1,  3, 147 

Ophiogeron  supinus 162 

Ophioglyphaabyssorum 18 

acervata 152 

sequalis 152 

convexa 2, 12,13, 15, 16, 143 

coronata 2, 12,143 

divisa 18 

elevata 2, 16, 143 

falcifera 2, 17, 152 

fasciculata 2,  17 

grandis 18, 19,  20 

inornate 2, 18 

involuta 18, 19 

irrorata 2, 18, 143 

lepida 2,20,143 

var.  spinulosa 20 

ljungmani 2,  20,  21 

lymani 2, 19,  22 

mundata 18 

orbiculata 18, 19 

robusta 2,  23 

sarsii 2.23,124,143 

sculptilis 2,  24, 152 

solida 16 

tenera 152 

thouleti 21,  22 

tumulosa 18, 19 

variabilis 24, 152 

Ophioleda 73 

minima 3,  111 

Ophiolepidae 2,  9, 149 

Ophiolepis  elegans 2,  9, 149 

elongata 39 

paucispina 2,  11,  149 

uncinata 39 


INDEX. 


171 


Page. 

Ophioleptoplax 125 

atlantica 3,  124, 145 

megapora 125 

Ophiolimna 73 

littoralis 3.  96,  111 

mixta 96, 157 

Ophiolipus  agassizii 151 

Ophiologimus 116 

hexactis J.15, 116 

secundus 3, 115, 145 

Ophiomastus  secundus 2. 11, 151 

Ophiomedea 73, 114 

Ophiomidas 33 

alatum 33 

reductum 33 

Ophiomisidium 2,  32 

flabellum 32,33,34 

pulchellum.  2,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37 
speciosum....   2,32,33,34,37,143 

Ophiomitra 73,111 

chelys 158 

dipsacos 168 

exigua 158 

ornate 110 

robusta 2,108,144 

sertata 102 

spinea 110 

valida 3, 110, 137, 158 

Ophiomitrella 73,  79, 108 

americana 2,  73, 103, 145 

globulifera 104 

Isevipellis 2, 106, 145 

levis 2, 105, 144 

porrecta 2, 107, 145 

Ophiomusium 32 

acuferum 153 

armigerum 2,  31, 143 

eburneum 2,  24, 152 

var.  elegans 24,  26 

flabellum 32 

granulosum 28 

lymani 2,26 

planum 2,  26, 163 

pulchellum 32 

•  relictum 28 

rugosum 2,26,143 

Bculptum 2,  28, 143 

serratum 2, 29, 153 

testudo 2,29,143,154 

validum 2,  31, 153 

Ophiomyces  mirabilis 2,  72, 143 

Ophiomycetidas 2,  72 

Ophiomyxa  flaccida 3, 132, 162 

tumida 162 


Ophiomyxidse 3, 132, 162 

Ophionephthys 50 

Ophionereis  porrecta 44 

reticulata 2,44,59,155 

squamata 44 

squamulosa 2, 44 

Ophionotus  victoria 19 

Ophiopaepale  goesiana 148 

Ophiopholis  aculeata 2, 38 

Ophiophragmus 69 

loveni 42 

wundennani 2, 42, 144 

Ophiophryxus  acanthinus 127 

Ophioplax  ljungmani 155 

Ophioplinthaca 73 

occlusa Ill 

Ophioplus 129, 130 

armatus 129 

Ophiopora 73 

bartletti *....  3,111 

Ophiopristis 73, 98 

ensifera 99, 100, 101 

(Ophiopristis)  hirsuta,  Ophiacantha 167 

pennixta,  Ophiacantha..  2,96,144 

Ophiopsila  maculata 2, 45 

riisei 2, 45, 155 

Ophiopus  arcticus 32, 141 

Ophiopyren  longispinus 148 

Ophioscalus 73,82 

echinulatus 81 

Ophiosciasma  granulatum 162 

Ophioecolecidse 3, 124, 162 

Ophioscolex  glacialis 3, 124 

quadrispinus 124 

Ophiostigma  isacanthum 2, 38, 59, 154 

Ophiothricidse 3, 118, 160 

Ophiothrix  angulate 3, 118, 160 

convolute 3, 122, 145 

fragilis 123 

lineata 3,120,161 

cerstedii 3, 121, 161 

pallida 120 

suensonii 3,  121,  161 

violacea 118, 160 

Ophiothyreus  goesii 151 

Ophiotrema 73, 114 

alberti 113,  114,  145 

gracilis 3, 112, 145 

Ophiotreta 73, 100, 101, 102 

(Ophiotreta)  affinis,  Ophiacantha 2,  99, 145 

Ophiotreta  eertata 102 

(Ophiotreta)  sertata,  Ophiacantha 2, 102, 167 

valenciennesi,  Ophiacantha. . .        2, 
99, 101, 102 


172 


INDEi. 


Page. 

Ophiozona 33 

clypeata 149 

dubia 33,151 

impresea 2,11,150 

mannorea 149 

nivea 150 

var.  compta 2,11 

tesaellata 150 

Ophiura 147 

elongata 39 

hexactis 117 

olivaceum 4 

Berpens 4 

Ophiuree 147 

orbiculata,  Ophioglypha 18, 19 

ornata,  Ophiomitra 110 

otteri,  Amphiura 2,61,144,156 

pallida,  Ophiothrix 120 

palmeri,  Amphiura 2, 45, 48, 52, 54,  55, 58, 146 

paucispina,  Ophiolepis 2, 11,149 

pectinula,  Ophiacantha 81, 82 

Ophiectodia 83 

Pectinura  angulata 9 

honorata 9 

pentacrinus,  Ophiacantha 2, 

86, 88,  91,  92,  93, 94, 144 
permixta,  Ophiacantha  (Ophiopristis) . .  2,  96, 144 

petersi,  Ophiarachnella 149 

placentigera,  Ophiacantha 100 

plana,  Ophiactis 155 

planum,  Ophiomusium 2,  26, 163 

Platycaulis  danielsseni 103, 127 

porrecta,  Ophiomitrella 2, 107, 145 

Ophionereis 44 

pulchella,  Amphiodia 2,  70 

Amphiura 70 

pulchellum,  Ophiomisidium 2, 

32, 33,  34, 35, 36, 37 

Ophiomusium 32 

pumila,  Ophiocoma 3, 117,160 

quadriapinosa,  Ophiobyreella 3, 125,  145 

quadrispinus,  Ophioscolex 124 

rathbuni,  Amphiura 2, 60, 146 

reductum,  Ophiomidas 33 

relictum,  Ophiomuaium 28 

repens,  Amphiura 156 

reticulata,  Ophionereis 2,  44, 59, 155 

riisei,  Amphiodia 68,69, 144 

Amphiura 39,40, 156 

Ophiocoma 3, 118, 169 

Ophiopsila 2,45,155 

robusta,  Ophioglypha 2,  23 

Ophiomitra 2, 108,144 


rubicunda,  Ophioderma 1,  7, 148 

rugosum ,  Ophiomusium 2,  26, 143 

sarsii,  Ophioglypha 2,  23,124, 143 

savignyi,  Ophiactis 2,  41,154 

scabriuscula,  Ophiocnida 2,  43 

scolopendrica,  Ophiacantha 73 

scolopendrina,  Ophiocoma 117 

sculptilis,  Ophioglypha 2,  24, 152 

sculptum,  Ophiomusium 2,28,  143 

secundus,  Ophiologimus 3, 116,145 

Ophiomastus 2, 11,151 

segesta,  Ophiacantha 72 

semiermis,  Amphiura 47, 49, 156 

serpens,  Ophiobyrsa 163 

Ophiobyrsella 127 

Ophiura 4 

serratum,  Ophiomusium 2,  29, 163 

sertata,  Ophiacantha 102, 157 

Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta) 2, 102,157 

Ophiomitra 102 

Ophiotreta 102 

sexradiata,  Sigsbeia 3, 135,145 

Sigsbeia 136 

conifera 3,  133,136, 145 

lineata 135 

murrhina 133,135,163 

sexradiata 3, 135,145 

solida,  Ophioglypha 16 

speciosum,  Ophiomisidium...  2,32,33,34,37,143 

spectabilis,  Ophiacantha 78 

spinea,  Ophiomitra 110 

spinulosa,  Ophioglypha  lepida  var 20 

squamata,  Amphipholis 2,  52,  66, 156 

Amphiura 66 

Ophionereis 44 

squamosa,  Ophiochondrella 129 

squamosus,  Ophiochondrus 129 

squamulosa,  Ophionereis 2,  44 

stellata,  Ophiacantha 166 

stelliger,  Ophiochondrus 129 

stimpsoni,  Amphiura 2,  59,  64,144 

stimpsonii,  Ophiodera 3,  132 

Stylaster  filograna 133 

suensonii,  Ophiothrix 3,  121, 161 

supinus,  Ophiogeron 162 

tenera,  Amphiura 156 

Ophioglypha 162 

tenue,  Astrochema 166 

tenuispina,  Amphipholis 2, 66 

Amphiura 66 

tessellata,  Bathypectinura '    1, 9 

Ophiozona 160 

testudo,  Ophiomusium 2,  29, 143, 164 


INDEX. 


173 


Page. 

thouleti,  Ophioglypha 21,22 

troscheli,  Ophiacantha 73, 15G 

tuberculosa,  Ophiacantha 73 

tumida,  Ophiomyxa 162 

tumulosa,  Ophioglypha 18, 19 

uncinata,  Ophiolepis 39 

uncinatus,  Ophiobrachion 163 

valenciennesi,  Ophiacantha  (Ophiotreta)...   2,99, 

101, 102 

valida,  Ophiomitra 3, 110,  137, 158 

validum,  Ophiomusium 2,31,  153 


Page. 

variabilis,  Ophioglypha 24, 152 

variegata,  Ophioderma 1,  7 

varispina,  Ophiacantha 72 

vepratica,  Ophiacantha 2,  94,  145 

victories,  Ophionotus 20 

violacea,  Ophiothrix 118, 160 

virescens,  Ophioderma 3 

vivipara,  Ophiacantha 2, 96 

wundermani,  Amphiura 42 

Ophiophragmus 2, 42,  144 


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